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CAMPBELL’S
Illustrated History
... OF THE . . .
In Two Volumes.
Compiled as the Exposition progressed fi’om the Ofhcial Reports, and
Illustrated Avitli
most
profusely
Copperpla te Bngra vings.
EDITED AND PUBLISHED
J. B. CAMPBELL,
Chicago, III.,
BY
U. S. A.
1894.
1
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C5^
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EXPLANATORY INTRODUCTION.
HAT Campbell’s Illustrated History of the World’s Columbian Exposition is tlic most reliable and comidete work
on the World’s Greatest Expobition, from its inception to its close, is without (question.
We would not be wise to make such a statement unless we were justified in so doing. The fact that it received the Highest
and Only Aircn’d, together with the most enthusiastic endorsement of officials, fully warrants our statement.
The plan of this work widely differs from all other so-called histories. The historian in compiling a history of a nation begins
with the primitive coiiditioil of affairs and gives a detailed record of the origin and progress of the people, their form of gov¬
ernment, commercial and financial changes. Such is the plan followed in this work. Beginning with the organization of the
Fair, all the official reports, changes of administration, and the work, in word and iiicture, is given in all its stages of prog¬
ress from the time that Jackson Park was a swamp, covered with grass and trees, until it was crowned with its spires, turrets and
domes, which made it the world-famed White City of America.
The great value of the work lies in the fact that it was compiled as the work progressed. The illustrations are from photograiihs, re¬
produced on co^jper-plate, showing the men when they turned the first shovel full of earth; also the buildings in all stages of construc¬
tion, until the -great ExpositivUi was in readiness and all nations were invited to enter and occupy.
The information was furnished by the officials, thus making the History authentic and correct. Thus the work progressed until the
Exposition oxjened, when the officials set ajiart for our use, spacious offices in the Administration building that we might complete this great un¬
dertaking. Every facility was afforded and every avenue of information was opened to us that would enable us to make a work that would be
worthy the title of the “Prize History of the Exposition.” Thus it will be seen that the following pages are not filled with stories of tradition, or
information gathered from dusty manuscripts, taken from dingy pigeon-holes, or from the chambers of musty vaults.
The Exposition having been divided into Fifteen Grand Departments, the information and illustrations of these come under specially
designed and appropiate headings, thus enabling the reader to find any particular feature at once. The great advantage of this can be apijreci-
ated at a glance.
To the leading officials, and among them the Chiefs of the Departments, we owe much for the valuable assistance rendered in producing this
History. The work would not be complete without fully acknowledging the substantial recognition and many courtesies of Director General Davis.
In order that our readers might better comprehend the magnitude of the Columbian Exposition, as well as for general information, we have
given an account of previous World’s Fairs.
As has been stated, the information and reports on the following images will read as they occurred from time to time and as the incidents
took place. Another great value of this work is in the many large photographic illustrations. When the White City shall have become a mat¬
ter of memory and all its mighty palaces have crumbled away, by studying the.se rich illustrations, the reader will recognize the buildings,
grounds and attractions and imagine himself back again in the American Paradise of 1893. However this may be, the writer of the.se lines
will feel re])aid for the years of toil that it has taken to produce this work, if he has succeeded in jjutting the World’s Columbian Exposition
on paper in a form that the American pecjple, as well as all the Nations of the earth will read, remember and enjoy in moie hapjiy
years to come.
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___ H'T-;
DEDICATION
my mother who in youth whispered inspiring words
of encouragement, and who has watclied with jealous
interest each conflict in life’s struggle, and has made the
battles easier, life happier and success brighter by her
unwavering devotion, and as a slight token for her great
kindness which can never be repaid, this work is dedicated by
J. J3. CAMPI3ELL.
t
);
i
i
i ■
Alfonso, XIII King of Spain, Don . Pago 340
Alfonso XII, Late King of Spain, Don . 340
Antonio do Orleans, of Spain, Prince . “ 341
“Architecture,” Statuary over North Entrance Fine Arts Bldg. . “ 3G8
Ashley, Mrs. Susan Riley . “ ,374
Agricultural Building, Interior View . “ 394
Albright, l\frs. Franc L . “ 407
American Potteries Exhibit in Manufactures Department . “ 414
Awards Committee in Liberal Arts Department . “ 415
Anthropological Building . “ 430
Anthropological Building, Interior View. “ 433
Allen, Mrs. E. W . “ 43G
.Andrews, Col. Alexander B . “ 450
Arkansas State Building. “ 455
Arizona, New Mexico and Oklahoma Building . “ 4G8
Agricultural Building, Interior View . “ 47G
Administration Plaza during the Parade on Chicago Day . “ 501
Art Institute, Lake Front . “ 5G0
Australian Eucalyptus Oil Exhibit, Agricultural Department... “ 575
Arizona Petrified Wood Exhibit. “ G14
Allen, Jr., Phillip H. “ G15
Agricultural Building, Interior View. “ 477
“Architecture,” Statue of. Fine Arts Palace. “ 594
13
“Blind Man's Bluff,” Statuary near Illinois Building. Page 3(55
Briggs, Mrs. John S . “ 374
British Guiana Exhibit in Agricultural Building . . “ 390
Brayton, Helen Chapman . “ 40G
Brainard, Hon. Leverett . “ 422
Bielby, C. F. A . “ 422
Bagley, Mrs Francis E . “ 43G
Burleigh, Mrs. Edwin C . “ 4.3G
Bullune, Thomas B. “ 450
Bromberg, Fredrick G . “ 450
Britton, Alexander T . “ 4G9
Brown, Mrs. H. F . 497
“ Brazilian Independence,’’Painting in Brazil's Building . “ 515
Brazil’s Building at the Exposition . “ 51G
Bates, Mrs. Laura A . “ 520
Bradwell, Mrs. Myra . “ ,587
Baby Dancer, Streets of Cairo . '• G27
Burning of the Peristyle, Music Hall and Casino . “ G39
Bridge over Lagoon . “ 57G
c
Christian, H. R. H. Princess.Page
Canada’s Building at the Exposition... “
Canada, Province of Ontario in Minos and Mining Building. “
Canada in Agricultural Building. “
Canada in Manufactures Building... “
Canada, Quebec, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward’s Island
and Northwest Territories in Horticultural Building.. “
Colombia Building at the Exposition. “
Costa Rica Building at the Exposition.. ‘‘
Clarke, Mrs. Prances B. “
Coleman, Mrs. Laura P. “
Colorado State Building. “
Carved Oaken Alter, Catholic Educational Exhibit. “
474
478
479
481
482
484
518
519
520
521
531
Columbian Pipe, Liberal Arts De])artment. *• . 5 , 5(5
Children’s Building at the Exposition. “ 573
“Christ and the Adulteress,” Statuary in Brazil’s Section, l-hne
Arts Building. " ( 5 ()[
Convent La Rabida at the Exposition. “ (Sp)
Canada’s Building and the British Monument. " GU
Cheese, Mammoth, Canada’s Exhibit. “ (jU
Cart from Red River, Minnesota. “ (513
Chinese Theater, Exterior View. “ (52(5
Chinese Theater, Interior View. “ (52(5
Carriage Once Owned by Emperor Dorn Pedro of Brazil. “ (529
Casino, Peristyle and Music Hall, Ruins of. “ (540
Central Basin, View in. “ 3^(5
California Building, Interior View. “ 447
“California,” Statue of. ■* 44 ;)
Columbus, Statue of. Entrance Administration Building. “ 47 ()
Columbus, Statue of in City of Mexico. “ 545
Catholic Educational Exhibit, School Sisters of Notre Dame.... “ 551
Children’s Building, Department Physical Culture. “ 578
“Cossack’s Reply,” The, Painting in Russian Section, Fine Arts. “ ,594
Casino, Quadriga and Music Hall . “ GOG
n
Dupuy de Lome, Senor Henry. .Page .3.37
Depew, Hon. Chauncey M. “ 358
Davis, Miss Florence. “ ,334
Dailey, Mrs. Charlotte. “ 4()(5
Dimcha, Lubomir. “ 444
Delaware State Building at the Exposihon. “ ,522
Day Nursery for Children. “ 573
“David and Goliath,” A Piece of Sculpture. “ .584
Donkey Boys, Streets of Cairo. “ (j 22
Diploma, Issued to Successful Exhibitors.. “ (534
Dyche’s Animal Exhibit, Kansas Building.. 380
Dyche’s Animal Exhibit, Kansas Building. “ ,384
Christina, Dona Maria, Queen Regent of Spain.Page .340
Ceylon Tea and Reception Room, Woman’s Building. “ 3G9
Columbus Caravels at the Pair. “ ,343
Convent La Rabida. “ 344
C"mpello, Senor Don A. G. “ ,3.38
Central Fountain and Aquariums, Fisheries Building. “ .352
California Nut Exhibit, Horticultural Hall. “ .353
Cowboy Equestrienne Statue. “ ,383
Cunningham, Miss Ploride. “ .385
Carse, Mrs. Matilda B. “ 385
Cold Storage Building before the Fire. “ ,38G
Cold Storage Building, Burning of. “ 38G
Court of Honor. " 409
Cliff Dwellers, Reproduction of Battle Rock Mountain. “ 4.34
California State Building. “ 440
California Building, Historical E.xhibit. “ 442
California, San Diego County Exhibit, Horticultural Building .. “ 444
California, Los Angeles Co. Exhibit, Horticultural Building. “ 445
California State Building, Showing Exhibit of Fresno County... “ 440
dowry, Robert C. “ 4G8
Chalmers, W. J. “ 4G8
K
Eulalia, of Spain, Infanta Dona.Pago .341
Eulalia, of Spain, Princess, Entering Midway Plaisance. “ 342
Electricity Building, East Plaza. “ , 3,55
Exall, Henry W. 353
East India Building. “ 388
East India’s Exhibit at the World’s Fair. “ ,389
Eiboeck, Joseph. “ 422
Eschscholtzia or Poppy Room, California Building. “ 443
Edgerton, Mrs. Emma A. “ 454
Exhibit of American Bronze Company, Manufactures Building.. “ 482
Electric and MacMonnies’Fountains. “ 487
Eagle, Mrs. James P. “ 4!)(5
Elgin Band at the Exposition. “ , 5.53
Electricity Building, South Front. “ , 5 G 8
Exhibit of the Nicholas Trade School of Paris, Liberal Arts Dept “ 581
Exhibit of Gold, Silver, Bronze Work, Etc., French Section, Lib¬
eral Arts Department. “ 53.3
“Even So,” Sculpture, Pine Arts. “ 534
Exposition Grounds Looking South from Woman’s Building_ “ G04
Exposition Grounds, North End. “ G.30
occxxx
Index to IlJiistrations.
I'
Florida State Building at the Exposition.
Fisheries Exhibit in U. S. Government Building, Section of
Ford, Miss Ellen A.
Fernandez, Senor Rosendo.
Fahri Bey, Ahmed.
French, Mrs. Jonas N.
Furnas, P^obert W.
Forsyth, William.
Forestry Building at the Exposition...
Forestry Building, Interior View.
Ferris Wheel, Midway Plaisance.
Fine Arts Building, Interior.
French Building at the Exiiosition..
Fine Arts Palace, Statuary Central Court.
French Building, Showing Court and Beach of Lake.
Fine Arts Palace, Statuary in West Court...
French Section in the Liberal Arts Dejjartment.
•‘l'''ortune,” Sculpture, Fine Arts.
I'ine Arts Building, South Entrance.
l'’iMe Arts Building, Interior View.
Fountain near German Building.
French Section, Liberal Arts Department after the Fire ...
l^'ine Arts Building, Group Statuary in.
Fine Arts Palace, West Court.
French Building, Portico and Fountain.
Feehan, Archbishop, Statue of.
Fine Arts Palace, Statuary and Ornamental Work.
French Republic, Statue of. Liberal Arts.
French Section, Fine Arts Palace.
Page 37G
“ 3.31
, “ ,385
“ 392
“ -IIG
“ 4.3G
“ 450
“ 4G9
•• 491
“ 494
“ 53G
“ .541
“ 580
" 595
“ 581
595
'• 582
“ 585
“ 590
“ 599
“ G08
“ G.38
“ 591
“ G02
“ GIO
“ 553
“ .591
“ GOl
“ G0.3
Idaho State Building.
“In Imminent Peril,” Group of Statuary
Ives, Halsey ..
Illinois Building, South Entrance.
Irish Village and Blarney Castle.
Illinois Building, Farm Scene.
J
Jajianese Exhibit, A Group of Vases..
Japanese Ho-o-den.
Japanese Section, Fine Arts Building.
Japanese Tea House.
Japanese Silk Tapestry, Fine Arts....
K
Kohlsaat, H. H.
Ketcham, William P.
Kentucky's State Building at the Exposition
Kansas State Building at the Exposition. ...
Kansas State Building, Interior View .
Kidder, Mrs. George Wilson .
Kerfoot, William D .
Kiesel, Fred J .
Krupp Gun Building, Exterior .
Krupp Gun Building, Interior .
King, Alfred Benedict. ..
Kitchen Garden Department .
Krupp Gun Building at the Exposition .
L
Pege 529
“ 58G
“ 589
“ G04
“ G24
“ 508
Page 3G4
“ 5.38
, “ 540
“ 539
, “ 3G3
I*age 359
“ 3C1
“ 371
“ .378
, “ 379
“ 4;I7
“ 4G8
“ 4G9
“ 510
“ 510
, “ 570
“ 579
“ G08
G
Grand Promenade Between Electricity and Mining Building-Page ,394
German Toy Exhibit, Liberal Arts. “ 35G
Grand Illumination and Display of Fireworks, America's Day,
July 4,189.3. “ 372
Ginty, Mrs. Flora Beall. “ -374
Gloukhovskoy, P. De. “ 410
Golden Door, Grand Entrance to Trans])ortation Building. “ 420
Gammon, Frank Royal. “ 422
Golden Gates, Entrance to San Francisco Room. “ 443
Garvin, Thomas E. “ 4G9
Gaston, Mrs. Maria J. “ 4GG
Greeley Relief Expedition in Government Building, Reproduc¬
tion of. “ 509
German Wine Cellar, Interior of. Horticultural Building. “ 511
German Section in Manufactures Building, Showing Ornamental
Gates. “ 512
German Section Manufactures Building. Porcelain Design. “ 51.3
German Section Manufactures Dep't, Painting on Porcelain_ “ 513
“Goddess of Fortune,’’ Fine Arts Palace. “ 594
German and Spanish Buildings at the Exposition. “ 608
German Village, Midway Plaisance. “ 618
Grand Basin, Midsummer Scene. “ 577
Gould, Mrs. Marcia L. “ 374
Grand Basin, Bird's-eye View. “ 387
Grand Basin, View Overlooking. “ 6 .‘I 6
Guiana, British, Native Animals. “ 391
Grand Plaza, View on, Chicago Day. “ 504
German Cities and Vineyards in Horticultural Building .. “ 511
II
Hutchinson, Charles L.Pa"e .359
Howes, Mrs. Eliza P. •• 497
I lakky Bey, Ibrahim. “ 449
Houghton, Mrs. Alice. “ 437
Harrison, Mrs. F. H. u 437
Hodges, James. » 45 Q
Hall, Mrs. Sophia D. u 454
Hundley, Mrs. Harriet T. « 454
Haines, lion. James W. » 450
Hundley, Hon. Oscar R. u 44)3
Hooker, Mrs. Isabella Beecher. .4 44 ) 4 ;
Hanback, Mrs. Hester A. u 4437
Horticultural Building in Silver Filigree Work. 549
Harrison, Hon. Carter Henry.. » 993
Horticultural Building and Grounds Fronting the Lagoon. “ 930
Heinze, Miss Agnes. .1 933
I
Indian Equestrienne Statue..
Indiana State Building.
Iowa's State Building.
Iowa’s Corn Pavilion, Agricultural Buildiiiir
‘ ..
Italian Section Liberal Arts Department, Showing Statuary_
Illinois Building on Illinois Day.
Illinois Fruit Exhibit, Horticultural Buildin"
. .. •••♦•
.383
.348
456
457
502
506
507
LetHer, Artur . Page 392
Lebedkine, John . “ 411
Los Angeles County, California, Exhibit of . “ 445
Lee, Mrs. James W . “ 451
Louisiana State Building . “ 439
Louisiana Rice Exhibit, Agricultural Building .. “ 490
Louisiana Sugar Exhibit . “ 491
Lovell, Mrs. Laurette . “ 496
Langworthy, Mrs. E. C . “ 520
Live Stock Pavilion and Arena . “ 566
Liberia Exhibit, Agricultural Department . “ 571
Lockwood, Mrs. Mary S . “ ,587
Lane, M. H . “ 615
Lapland Village . “ 621
Liberty Bell, Rope for . “ 500
Liberty Bell, Ringing the . “ 500
Liberty Bells, Meeting of Old and New . “ 564
Los Angeles County, California, Nut Exhibit . “ 448
Los Angeles County, California, Orange Pyramid . “ 448
Liberty Bell, New, on Administration Plaza . “ 498
“Leonidas, the Spartan,” Statue of . “ 58 G
M
Manufactures Building. Interior, Looking North.Page .357
Manufactures Building, Interior View. “
Massachusetts State Building at the Exposition. “
Mining Building, Interior View. “
Mulligan, Mrs. Marian A. 44
McAdow, Mrs. Clara A. 44
Machinery Hall, Loggia of Stock Pavilion, Obelisk and South
Pond. 44
Maine State Building at the Exposition. *4
Maine Animal Exhibit, Anthropological Building. “
McConnell, Mrs. W. B.. 44
McDonald, Hon. Mark L. 44
Michigan State Building. 44
Michigan Logging Camp at the Exposition. “
Michigan White Pine Logs, Load of... 44
Manning, George A. 44
“Music,” Statuary of. <4
Manufactures Building, View West Entrance. “
Minor, Miss Katherine L. ,4
Military Drill of Cadets, Administration Plaza..... ^ . “
Maurity, Rear Admiral, J. Antonio Cordovil. 44
Missouri State Building at the Exposition.!! “
Missouri Pavilion, Agricultural Building.“
Missouri Exhibit, Agricultural Building.T. '. “
Montana's Statistical Pyramid, Agricultural Building. “
Montana's Pavilion, Agricultural Building. 44
Manufactures Building, Interior View. 44
Mexico s Exhibit in Manufactures Department ... “
Mexico’s Exhibit in Machinery Hall..
Mexico’s Exhibit in Mining Building.. .... 44
Mexico’s Exhibit in Palace of Fine Arts. . 44
Mexico’s Exhibit in Shoe and Leather Building.............. »
Mexico s Exhibit in Forestry Department. 44
Mexico’s Exhibit in Horticultural Building. . 44
Mexico’s Exhibit in Woman’s Building... 44
395
:i99
402
4(^6
407
421
426
428
437
438
465
466
466
469
475
486
488
503
517
524
525
527
533
533
534
542
573
542
592
543
543
546
547
IndGx to Illiitstmtioiis.
CCCXXX1
Martindale, Hon. E. B...Page 347
Mexican Band at the Exposition. . 548
Mexico in Palace of Fine Arts. “ 593
Maurelian, F. S. C., Rev. Bro. “ 551
Music Hall, Peristyle and Casino. “ 559
Models of the Ancient Races, Ethnological Exhibit. “ 502
Machinery Hall, Extended View of. “ 509
Machinery Hall, Interior View. “ 572
“Mozart as a Child,'’ Sculpture. “ 585
McKee, Mrs. Anita Hortense. “ 587
Mississippi Columbian Club, Pavilion and Exhibit of. “ 588
MacMonnies’ Fountain, South View. “ 590
MacMonnies’Fountain, North View. “ 597
MacMonnies’Fountain, Facing Administration Plaza. “ 598
Midway Plaisance, View of, from Ferris Wheel. “ 017
Midway Plaisance, Looking East from Moorish Palace.. “ 020
Manufactures Building, Soulh Entrance. 016
Midsummer Scene from Loggia of Stock Pavilion. “ 505
Mexico's Cavalry Band in Music Hall. “ 549
Manitoba's Exhibit, Indian Sled and Dogs. “ 483
Manitoba Building, Interior View. “ 483
Manufactures Building, Interior View. “ 535
Mining Building, Interior of. “ 403
McCormick’s Harvesting Machine Co.'s Exhibit. “ 418
Missouri in Agricultural Building. “ 520
Missouri in Agricultural Building. “ 527
Marshall, John, Statue of.. “ 449
N
Nathan, Adolph.Page 301
Nebraska State Building at the Exposition. “ 375
New Jeisey State Building. “ 424
New Jersey Pavilion in Agricultural Building. “ 425
New Hampshire State Building. “ 427
Nevada Pavilion and Exhibit, Agricultural Building. “ 4-53
North Dakota State Building. “ 459
New Mexico’s Canned Fruit Exhibit, Horticultural Building_ “ 400
New Mexico's Wine Exhibit. 400
New Mexico’s Building, Interior of. “ 401
New Mexico’s Fresh Fruit Exhibit, Horticultural Building. “ 402
New Mexico in Mines and Mining Building. “ 463
North Dakota's Pavilion, Agricultural Building. “ 404
New York State Building, Manhattan Day. “ 523
New South Wales Building at the Exposition. “ 574
New Mexico, Oklahoma and Arizona Building at the Exposition. “ 013
New Mexico in Agricultural Building. “ 401
o
Russell, Lida M.PjigP 197
Rue, Mrs. Parthenia P. •• 521
Rhode Island State Building. “ 530
Reed, Mrs. William. . “ 555
Rothery, William Elmendorf. “ 570
Rogers, R. A. “ 015
Rope Used to Ring New Liberty Bell. “ 500
Representatives of Different Nations Ringing New Liberty Pell . “ 500
Russian Exhibit, Section of Manufactures Building. " 413
Sweden’s Building at the Exposition.Page
Shepard, Mrs. Francis Welles. “
Stone, Mrs. Abby. “
Straughan, Mrs. Joseph C. “
Soustcheffsky, Rakouza De. “
Smith, Hon. Thomas. “
Siberian Mastodon, Ward Natural Science Exhibit.
South Dakota State Building. “
South Dakota Building, Interior of.
South Dakota Pavilion in Agricultural Building. “
Sunlight Soap Exhibit.
Stone, Mrs. J. M. “
Siam, Pagoda and Exhibit in Manufactures Building. “
Stevens, Mrs. L. M. N. “
Stearns, Col. John E. “
Serrano, Scnor Lie Miguel. “
Spalding, D. D., Right Rev. John Lancaster. “
Slojd and Clay Modeling Department. “
Statue of the Republic, Looking West, Grand Basin. “
South Pond, Ruins of Yucatan, Whaling Vessel and other features “
Streets of Old Vienna, Midway Plaisance. “
Streets of Vienna and PYrris Wheel, Midway Plaisance. “
Streets of Cairo, Scenes in, Midway Plaisance. “
Sword Contest and Musicians, Streets of Cairo, Midway Plaisance “
South Sea Island Musicians, Midway Plaisance. “
South Sea Island Boats and Boatman, Midway Plaisance. “
Shoe and Leather Building. “
Seatuary Guarding Entrance to Grand Basin, near Agricultural
Building. “
Statuary Guarding Entrance to Grand Basin, near Manufactures
Building. “
San Barnardino County, California, Orange and Lemon Exhibit. “
San Diego County, California, Pavilion and Exhibit by Women . “
Singer Sewing Machine Co.’s Exhibit, Henry VIII Dining Room “
Singer Sewing Machine Co.'s Exhibit, Lady’s Boudoir. “
Sliding Sidewalk... “
Spain, Building Erected by. “
393
400
400
40'i
411
423
429
459
407
407
473
497
499
521
528
544
550
579
009
012
019
(J20
022
027
028
028
035
382
382
444
441
550
557
559
339
Ohio State Building at the Exposition.Page 400
Ohio’s Pavilion in the Agricultural Building. “ 401
Owings, Mrs. M. D. “ 437
Oliveira, H. E., Marshall Jose Simeao De. “ 514
Ornamental Lawn Designs in the Horticultural Department. “ 503
Oral Instruction of Deaf Mutes. “ 579
“On the Earth,” Piece of Sculpture. “ 585
Ostrich Exhibit, Midway Plaisance. “ 025
Ohio's Prominent Men, Statue of. “ 470
Peck, Ferdinand W . Page 359
“Painting,” Statuary over Fine Arts Building . “ 302
Payton, Mrs. Mary . “ 385
Putnam, Prof. F. W . “ 431
Penobscot Indian Camp . “ 434
Pike, Eugene S . “ 198
Perkins, Mrs. Belle H . “ 488
Pennsylvania Exhibit, Agricultural Building . “ 492
Pennsylvania Building at the Exposition . “ 493
Porto Rico Agricultural Exhibit . “ 519
Paul, Mrs. Agnes C . “ 520
Payne, Mrs. Cora D . “ 521
Prize Cattle in the Stock Pavilion . “ 507
Prize Horses in the Stock Pavilion . “ 507
Peristyle and Quadriga . “ 030
Peristyle and Quadriga, Full View of . “ 037
Q
Quelch. J. J . Page 392
Queen Isabella Dictating Her Last Will . “ 344
R
Ripley, Edward Payson.Page 361
Rickards. Mrs. Eliza A. “ 385
Russian Exhibit, Manufactures Building. “ 412
T
“Textiles,” Mural Decoration, Manufactures Building.Page 354
Texas State Building at the Exposition. “ 377
Tellery, S. J. “ 388
Trinidad’s Exhibit in Agricultural Building. “ 405
Thomson, Mrs. Alexander. “ 407
Turkish Building at the Exposition. “ 417
Turner, Mrs Ida. “ 497
“The Siren,” Sculpture, Pine Arts... “ 584
“The Harlequin,” Sculpture, Fine Arts. “ 584
“The First Pair of Earrings,'’ Statuary in Sj)anish SecMon. “ 600
“The Fishers Caught,” Statuary in Spanish Section. “ 000
Transportation Building, Interior View. “ 007
Turkish Dancing Girl, Rosa, Midway Plaisance. “ 023
Turkish Swordsman, Midway Plaisance. “ 023
u
Utah Building at the Exposition.Page 377
United States Treasury Building in Souvenir Coins. “ 419
United States Government Building and Plaza. “ 505
United States Government Weather Bureau Building. “ 034
United States Government Life Saving Station... “ 034
United States Government Building, East Plaza. “ 435
V
View on Grand Plaza.Page 349
View from South End Wooded Island. “ .350
Virginia State Building at the Exposition. “ ,398
View Looking North on Lagoon from Stock Pavilion. “ 408
Vermont Maple Sugar Exhibit, Agricultural Building. “ 425
Vermont State Building at the Exposition. “ 427
View Looking North from Transportation Building. “ 4.35
Victoria House, Great Britain’s Building at the Exposition. “ 472
Victoria, Queen of England. “ 474
Victoria House, Great Britain’s Building at the Fair. “ 012
Venezuela Building at the Fair. “ 012
Volcano of Kilauea and Chinese Theatre. “ (jOQ
View in North End Grounds. “ 340
('( ( XXXII
Iiicloj^ to IIlitHtmtion^o
w
Will of Queen Isabella, Original.Page 345
Waeker, Charles H ... “ 359
Woman's Library in Woman's Building. “ 367
Washington State Building. “ 370
Wilkins, Mrs. Besiah. “ 374
Worley, Mrs. Laura Davis. “ 384
Wisconsin State Building. “ 396
Wisconsin Fruit E.vhibit in Horticultural Department. “ 397
Wisconsin Pavilion and Exhibit in Agricultural Department.... “ 397
Windmill Exhibit. “ 404
Webster, J. M. “ 422
Wilson, Mrs. John R. “ 451
Wooded Island and Lagoon. “ 454
Wheeler, George H..'. “ 468
Wood, Sir Henry Trueman. “ 47]
Woodward, Thomas J. “ 488
Wells, Hon. James M. “ 528
West Virginia State Building. “ 5.‘]2
Wooded Island, Lagoon, Fisheries, Brazil and Swedish Buildings ‘ 610
Windmill Exhibit and Other Features in South End of Grounds “ 611
Whaleback Steamer “Columbus'’ Enroute to the Fair. “ Oil
Wallace, Mrs. M. R. M. “ 615
Whalen, Mrs. Thomas A. “ 521
Woman's Silk Culture Exhibit, Two Views. “ 485
Wooded Island from Manufactures Building .. “ 435
Y
Young, Hon. M. H. De...Page 4.39
Yerkes Telescope Presented to Chicago University. •* 5,37
Yucatan, Prehistoric Ruins... “ 430
4
A
Austria’s Section, In.Paf?e 357
Art Exhibit in Illinois Building. ‘‘ 304
An Artistic Group. “ 302
Ashley, Mrs. Susan Riley. “ 374
Albright, Mrs. Franc Luse. “ 407
Among Foreign Buildings. ‘ HI
Anthropological Building, The. “
Allen, Mrs. E. W. ‘‘ 4:37
Andrews, Col. Alexander B. “ 450
Arkansas at the Exposition. “ 454
Agricultural Implements. “ 457
Arizona, Oklahoma and New Mexico at the E.xposition . “ 458
American Bird Collection, An. “ 492
Arcadians. “ 508
Among Latin American States..*.. 517
Agricultural Architecture. “ 525
Australian Eucalyptus Oil Exhibit. 575
Art Attractions. “ 591
Arizona, Oklahoma and New Mexico. “ G13
13
Beautiful Group, A.Page 540
Boston Window. “ ‘>(32
Belgian Exhibit. " 304
Briggs, Mrs. John S. " 574
British Guiana at the Fair. '* 390
Brayton, Helen Chainnan. “ 400
Brainard, Hon. Leverctt. ‘ 422
Bielby, C. F. A. “ 422
Burleigh, Mrs. Edwin C. " 4:37
Bullene, Thomas B. “ 450
Bromberg, Frederick. “ 450
]3ritton, Alexander T. “ 409
Brazil at the Exposition. “ '>>0
Bradwell, Mrs. Myra. “ 587
c:
Columbus Caravels at the World's Fair.Page- ;54:3
Canning Industry... " ‘3,>2
California Nut Exhibit.- ■ • • " 553
Colorado Wild Flowers at the Fair. “ -‘I').'!
Caildren's Building, In. ’ 5(3.)
Cincinnati Room. “ 500
Cunningham, Floride. " 58.)
Carse, Mrs. Matilda B. “ 58;)
Columbus. “ 419
Colorado Cliff Dwellers’Exhil)it. “ 4:35
California at the Fair. “ 440
California Poppy Room. “ 442
Christian, H. R. H. Princess. “ 474
Canada at the Exposition. ” 478
Canada’s Big Cheese. “ 480
Canada's Exhibit in Agricultural ]3uilding. “ 481
Coleman, Mrs. Laura Prewitt. “ 521
Clarke, Mrs. Francis B. “ 521
Costly Exhibit, A... . “ 499
Children at the Exposition. “ 571
Colonnial Exhibit. “ G28
Colorado in 3 fining Building. “ 401
California's Historical Exhibit. “ 442
Canadian Art Needlework. “ 485
Chicago Day, October 9, 1895. “ 501
Costa Rica Exhibit at the Fair. “ 518
Colorado at the Exposition.
Catholic Educational Exhibit at the E.xposition
Campbell, James B.
Closing Exercises of the World’s Fair.
Chinese Theater, Joss House and Bazaar.
Colonial Exhibits.
Cost and Compensation of the Fair.Page 098
Convent LaRabida. “ 3309
De Lome, Senor Henry Dupuy.Page .'3.38
Del Campillo, Senor Don A. G. “ 5:38
Depew, Hon. Chauncey M. “ 5.58
Davis, Miss Florence. “ 584
Dailey, Mrs. Charlotte. “ 40(3
Dimcha, Lubomir. ' 411
Denmark at the Fair. ‘‘ 479
Delaware at the Exposition. “ 522
Decoration of Exposition Buildings. “ 539
Disposition of Works of Art. “ *>^0
Dom Pedro's Carriage. “ G29
It:
Electrical Exhibit. “ 581
E.xhibit from South America. Page .‘342
Exhibit of Hardware. “ 5.)()
Electrical Bui’eau, The. “ 581
East India at the Fair. “ 588
Exposition Finances. ‘‘ 418
Eiboeck, Joseph. 422
Exposition as an Educator. “ 431
Exhibit of Fresno County, California, at the Fair. “ 440
Edgerton, Mrs. Emma A. ' 4.)1
Entertaining Features in Agricultural Building. ‘ 4;)7
Exhibit from Manitoba. “ “*"9
Eagle, Mrs. James P. “ 497
Ethnological Exhibit in Woman's Building. “ >517
Exhibit from Algiers. “ 5:39
Educational Exhibit at the Exposition. “ ‘>02
Exhibi'-s at the E.xposition. “ 004
Exhibitors in Woman's Building ... “ 004
Ethnology and Archaeology. “ 014
Electricity at the E.xposition. “ 555
E.xall, Henry W. '* 5.58
Enigma of the Centuries, The. “ 0:35
Flower Garden.Patre :3.53
Fine Dress Goods. “ 5(3;)
Florida at the Exposition. “ 570
Ford, Miss Ellen A. “ 585
Fire at the Exposition. “ 580
Fernandez, Senor Rosendo
Fahri Bey, Ahmed.
Furnas, Robert Wilkinson
Foreign Exhibits in the Agricultural Building. “ 525
Farm Machinery Exhibit. “ ‘>-5
France at the E.xposition . “ 580
Foreign Commissioners at the E.xposition. “ 018
Features of Midway Plaisance. “ 020
French Sculpture at the E.xposition. “ 584
French Displays, Some ... “ 584
Fine Piece of Work, A. “ 4.57
Fountains at the Extiosition. “ 579
Forsythe, William. “ 409
o
Germany's Section, In.Page .'3.50
German Toy E.xhibit. “ 5;)0
German E.xhibit. “ 5(35
Ginty, Mrs. Flora Beall. 574
Gloukhosvkoy, P. De. “ 410
Gammon, Frank Royal. “ 422
Garvin, Thomas E. “ 4(39
Great Britain at the ]'''air. “ 472
Government Building, In the. “ 509
CCCXXXIV
Index to Subjects
Gallery of Art Palace, In the.
German Porcelain Exhibit.
Gaston, Mrs. Maria J.
Greece at the Exposition.
Germany's Position at the Exi)Osition
Page 364
“ 512
“ 497
*• 591
“ 608
II
Hutchinson, Charles L.Page 360
Hide and Leather Exhibit. " ‘^81
History of Events, A.. “ 390
Hakky Bey, Ibrahim. "
Houghton, Mrs. Alice. “ ^37
Hodges, James. “ 130
Hall, Mrs. Sophia D. “ 451
Hundley, Miss Harriet T. “ 251
Haines, James W. “ 452
Hundley, Hon. Oscar R. “ 495
Hooker. Mrs. Isabella Ik'cchcr. “ 497
Home of the World’s Congresses. “ 560
Harrison, Hon. Carter Henry. “ 605
I
Indiana at the Exposition.Page 348
Irish Village and Blarney Castle. “ 624
Irish Village and Donegal Castle. “ 624
Imiuovement in Mail Service. “ 351
Indian Training School. 351
Irish Relics. “ 357
In the Gallery. 364
In Florida’s Building. “ .381
India's Exhibit at the Fair. “ 389
Indiana’s Grain Exhil)it. 401
Iowa at the Exposition. 4.56
Iowa’s Corn Exhibit. ” 157
Influence of the Exjmsition. “ G15
Illinois Training School, The. “ 175
In the Dairy Exhibit. 190
Italian Sculpture in Liberal Arts Department. “ 502
Illinois at the Exjjosition . “ 500
Illinois Fruit Exhibit in Horticultural Hall. “ 507
Illinois’Wonderful Exhibit. “ 593
In the Forestry 'lisplay. ^ 505
Idaho at the Exposition. ^ 53 O
Indian Buffalo Hunt, The. 54 ]^
Ives, Halsey C. u
Interesting Exhibit, An. » 494
J
Jamaica Phxhibit .
Japanese Tapestry.
Jai)anese Palace, In the
Japaneso Vases ..
Japan at the Exjrosition
Japanese Tea House .. ..
Jai)anese Art Exhibit...
Page 357
“ 362
“ 364
“ 364
“ 538
“ 539
“ 540
Iv
Kohlsaat, H. H.
Ketcham, W. P.
Kentucky at the Exposition
Kansas at tin; E.xposition ..
Kidder, Mrs. George Wilson,
King, Alfred Benedict.
Keisel, Fred J.
Kerfoot, William D.
Page 360
'• 360
. “ 271
“ 378
“ 4.37
“ 570
“ 469
“ 468
L
Live Fish Exhibit.
Lelller, Artur.
Lebedkine, John.
Li'e, Mrs. James W.
Louisiana at the Eximsition.
Louisiana Rice Exhibit.
Louisiana Sugar Exhibit....
Lovell, Mrs. Laiirette.
Live Stock at the Exposition
Loggers’ Exhibit.
Lockwood, Mrs. Mary Smith
Liberian Exhil)it.
Liberty Bell. The New.
Liberty Bells, The Two.
Life Saving Station.
Last Act of the Great Drama
Page 352
. ’• 392
411
“ 451
'• 489
" 490
“ 491
“ 497
“ 566
570
498
“ 564
” 6;i5
‘ 640
Martindale, Hon. Elijah B . Page 347
Mechanical Wonder, A . “ 536
Miner’s Camp, A . “ 539
Model Kitchen, A . “ 366
Musical Features . 350
Manufactures Hall . “ 354
Marsden’s, Kate, Exhibit ... “ 368
Massachusetts at the Exposition . “ .398
Mulligan, Mrs. Marion A . “ 406
McAdow, Mrs. Clara L . “ 407
Maine at the Exposition . “ 426
McDonald, Hon, Mark L . 438
Manufactures Building a Great Bazaar . “ 462
Mexico in Agricultural Building . “ 464
Manning, George A . “ 469
Michigan at the Exposition . “ 465
Minor, Miss Katherine L . “ 488
Mexico and Her Exhibits . “ 501
Maurity, Rear Admiral J. Antoino Cordovil . “ 517
Missouri at the Exposition . “ 524
Montana at the Exposition . “ 532
Mexico at the Exposition . “ 544
Maurelian, F. S. C., Rev. Bro . “ 553
McKee, Mrs. Anita Hortense . “ 535
Mississippi Columbian Club at the Fair . “ ,588
Medical Bureau . “ 606
N
Nathan, Adolph .Page 361
Nebraska at the Exposition . “ 375
New Jersey at the Exposition . “ 404
New Hampshire at the Exposition . “ 426
North Dakota at the Exj)osition . “ 453
New Mexico, Oklahoma and Arizona . “ 453
New Mexico at the Exposition . “ 492
North Dakota, Exhibit from . “ 494
National Commission, Sessions of . ** 493
New York at the Exposition . “ 522
Night at the Exposition, A . “ 529
New South Wales at the Exposition . “ 57^
Newspaper Men at the Fair .;. u 574
Norway at the Exposition . a 943
o
Original Will of Queen Isabella .
Oranges on the Trees .
Obscure Exhibits ..
Ohio at the Exposition .
Ohio at the Fair .
Ohio and Kentucky .
Oriental Countries Interested .
Outside Attractions .
Owings, Mrs. M. D .
Ontario in the Mining Building .
Ornamental German Gates .
Oliveira, ISlarshal Jose Simeao Do .
Oklahoma, New Mexico and Arizona. .
Ostrich Farm at the Fair .
Old World at the Fair, The .
Object of Sight Seeing .
Peck, Ferdinand W .
Promenade, A Great .
Paul, Mrs. Agnes C .
Payne, Miss Cora D .
Plants from New York .
Press Congress .
Portraits of Noted Women .
Professor Dyche’s Exhibit of North American
Payton, Mrs. Mary .
Progress on Foreign Buildings .. . . . .
Progressive Panorama, A .
Mammals
Putnam, Prof. F. W.
Postofhce at the Exposition ....
Palis and Chicago Attendance
Pennsylvania at the Exiiosition
Perpetuity of the Exposition.
Progress of the World as Shown'at tho 'E.ri.'o'sifion i
Petrified Wood Exhibit.
Public Comfort.
Pleasures of Sight Seeing
Pictures, Two Attracti ve.
Pipe, The ColumVdian ....
Page 345
“ 353
“ 361
“ 399
“ 401
“ 404
“ 416
“ 435
“ 4.37
“ 479
“ 512
“ 517
“ 613
“ 625
“ 411
615
Page 360
“ 356
“ 521
, 521
“ 369
“ 369
“ 369
“ 380
“ 385
“ 416
“ 418
“ 431
“ 454
“ 615
“ 491
“ 529
“ 571
“ 614
“ 514
“ 424
“ 364
“ 554
Q
Quelch, J. J.
Page 392
IiicIgj^ to SuhjGct^
K
Relics of Columbus .
Rotunda of the Administration Buildiu" .
Ripley, Edward Payson .
Rickards, Mrs. Eliza A .
ReHgfious Organizations at the Exposition .
Russia at the Exposition ..
Russian Exhibits in Manufactures Building .
Russian Educational and Charitable Institutions
Rogers, R. A .
Ruth Cleveland’s Bed ..
Republic of Colombia at the Exposition .
Rhode Island at the Exposition .
Rothery, Wm. Eimendorf .
Reed, Mrs. William .
Spain, Exhibit made by.
Spain, The Royal Family at the World's Fair.
Spain, A Present from.
Spanish Horticultural Exhibit.
Spanish Pavilion in the Agricultural Building
Spanish Pavilion in Manufactures Building...
Some Good Work.
Strawberry Exhibit.
Statue of Maud Muller.
Sweden at the Exposition.
South Africa in the Agricultural Building....
Some Features in Agricultural Building.
South Dakota.
Stone, Mrs. Abby A. L.
Shepard, Mrs. Frances Welles.
Straughan, Mrs. Joseph C .
Soustcheffsky, R. De.
Smith, Thomas.
South Dakota a^^^ the Exposition.
South Sea Islanders at the Fair, The.
South Dakota at the Fair.
Sunlight Soap Exhibit.
Statuary at the Exposition.
Siam in Manufactures Building.
Stearns, Col. John E.
Sweden in the Woman’s Building.
Spalding, D. D., Rt. Rev. John L.
Singer Sewing Machine Company's Exhibit_
St. Louis Bridge in Sugar Cane.
Success of the Children’s Building .
San Francisco Room, The.
School Exhibit. The..
Statue of the Republic, Great.
Stevens, Mrs. L. M. N.
Some Interesting Figures.
Small Salvage on Buildings.
Shoe and Leather Building.
X
Texas at the Exposition.
Things of Interest.
Thomson, Mrs. Alexandria.
Turkey at the Exposition.
Two Fine Flags.
The Bee and Honey Exhibit.
Trio of Art, A.
Page 343
, “ 3o0
•• 3G1
“ 385
“ 400
“ 410
'• 412
“ 414
G15
“ 485
“ 518
“ 530
“ 570
“ 555
Page 339
“ 340
“ 341
“ 342
“ 342
“ 342
'• 3.50
“ 353
3G2
“ 39.3
“ 401
“ 404
“ 404
“ 40G
“ 40G
“ 407
“ 410
“ 423
“ 4.58
“ 4G2
“ 4G4
“ 473
“ 480
“ 499
“ 528
“ .540
“ .553
“ 55G
“ 557
“ ■ 578
“ 442
“ 537
“ GOO
“ 521
“ 021
“ G21
•• G.35
Pago 375
381
“ 407
417
, 489
“ 492
“ 540
LI
United States Government Fish Exhibit....
Utah at the Exposition.
United States Treasury Building in Souvenir Coins
U. S. Building, In the.
Unique Exhibit, A.
United States PostofRce Department.
Unique Salt Exhibit.
U. S. Government Weather Bureau.
V
Virginia at the Exposition ..
Vermont at the Eximsition.,
Victoria, 11. I. M., Queen_
Venezuela at the Exposition
Visit to the Exposition, A ..,
w
Wooded Island.
Wacker, Chas. H.
Work of French Women.
Women as Guides.
Wom an's Library.
W nnan’s Congress.
Washington at the Exposition.
Wilkins, Mrs. Besiah.
Worley, Mrs. Laura Davis.
Wisconsin at the Exposition.
Wind Mill Exhibit.
Webster, J. M.
Wilson, Mrs. John R.
Wheeler, George H.
Wallace, Mrs. M. R. M.
Wood, Sir Henry Truman.
Woman’s Engraving.
Woman's Silk Cultui-e Exhibit.
Woodward, Thomas J.
World’s Fair Treasury Department.
Work on the Columbian Emergency IlospiUd
Wells, Hon. James M.
West Virginia at the Exposition.
“White City,’’ Two Attempts to Burn.
Work in Bronze, A.
Washington and LaFayette in Bronze.
World's Congress of Religions.
What is Staff..
World's Progress as Shown at the Exposition
Works of Art, Two.
World's Fair and Future Expositions. The ...
Ward Natural Science Exhibit, The.
White City, Disposition of.
Yucatan. Antiquities of
Young, Hon. M. 11. D^;.
Yerkes Telescojje, The.
Page 3.51
. “ 375
“ 419
“ 4.35
“ 4G4
“ 4G.5
“ 489
“ G.35
Page .398
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“ 474
“ 478
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Page 4.32
. “ 4:39
“ 537
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r
SENOR HENRY DUPUY DE LOME,
CAMPBELL’S
ILLUSTRATED HTSTORA' OF THE WORLD'S (JOLILMBIAN EXPOSITION.
SENOR HENRY DUPUY DE LOME.
Henry Hupuy de Lome, Royal Commissioner
General from Spain to the World’s Columbian
Exposition, conies of a distinguished ancestry,
and has already, at the age of forty-one,
achieved a renowned career.
In 18(h) he entered the Diplomatic career as
unpaid attache to the Ministeriode Estado, and
after pa.ssing a competitive examination, was
appointed third secretary to the Legation in
impressed with the greatness of the enterprise
of the Columbian Exposition that he urged and
requested his government to make a creditable
display, and to take the prominent part Spam
was entitled to in the Fair. During three months
he addressed not only the government but every
private producer and industry, advising them to
come to the Fair.
A change of administration in Spain foiced
the new government to displace Senor Dupuy
de Lome as the Minister to Washington, and
Delegate for Spain to procure Ainerican anti
uities for the Historical Exhibition ai i
He was appointed to represent his country •
the World’s Fair. ^
Senor del Campillo is a brilliant scholar and
became a diplomat at an early age. His first
service was at Constantinople, at the close of
which he received from the Sultan the Con
mandery of Medjidie of Turkey. Sent to
England, Sweden, Denmark, Holland, and sev^
eral other courts in Europe, he received the
SENOR DON A. G. DEL CAAIPILLO.
^ xjiv
Japan in 1873; in 1875 he was sent to Brussels-
111 1877 was made second secretary of Legation
m Montevido; m 1879 secretary of Legation
m Buenos Ayres^ In June 1881, he became
.icietaiyot the Embassy in Paris, and in Oc-
ober of the year following was advanced to the
Premier Secretaryship to lYashington.
liiAIay, 1892, he was appointed Envoy Extra
nii'led to the
189-’ to the''l’ ]-^‘J October
i89., to the dedicator)' ceremonies and was so
he was appointed Commissioner General
World s Pair, after which time he devotee
sett to advancing tlie interests of Spain
Exposition.
SENOR DON A. G. DEL CAMPIL
Senor del Campillo, who came to Wa
ton as Secretary of the Spanish Legati,
came widely known in America in a vers
line on account of his commission as G
exposition.
decoration of the Swedish Star, Danebrog and
Crown of Italy. While at the Foreign office at
Madrid he was sent to Morocco with the Em¬
bassy to carry a jireseiit from the Queen of
Spain to the Sultan of Morocco, and on his le-
turii from the trip was appointed Secretary of
the Spanish Legation at Tangiers, remaining
there about three years, making a thorougli
study of the African question and is accounted
one of the best informed men on that matter.
He is an officer of the Legion of Honor.
CAM?r>ELi;S ILLT^STKATED HISTORY OF THE WORLD'S OOLEMBTAX EXPOSITION.
EXHIBIT MADE BY SPAIN.
Spain had the following official representatives
at the World’s Fair: H. E. Senor Don Enrique
Dupuy de Lome, minister plenipotentiary, royal
commissioner-general; Senor Don A. G. del
Capmillo, secretary of legation, assistant com¬
missioner-general; Don Rafael Piiig y Vails,
civil engineer, special commissioner for industry;
Don Juaquin Pavia, architect, special commis¬
sioner for tine arts; Capt Don Juan de Cologan,
royal engineer, special commissioner of the
department of war; Lieut. Don Juan Ibarretta,
royal navy, special commissioner of the depart¬
ment of navy; Don Rozendo Fernandez, dele¬
gate of the chamber of commerce, Havana,
Cuba; The Marquis of Villalobar, attache to
C Fully appreciating the honor which America
was doing to her courageous son, Columbus,
Spain manifested her appreciation by making
a far more extensive exhibit of her products
than was ever before attempted.
In the Fine Arts building were 22 sculptures
from Barcelona and a large number of paintings
from the different collections of that country.
In the Manufactures building there were 18(1
exhibiters in the Spanish department, which
was extensive and attractive with a great variety
of manufactured articles. Very creditable dis¬
plays were made in the Machinery and Elec¬
tricity buildings.
The Transxrortation exhibits consisted of
models of ancient and modern naval architect¬
ure, made by the Marquis of Comillas, president
Spain in the Horticultural department had
1,84(3 exhibiters of wines, fruits, vegetables and
nuts.
At the south entrance of the Woman’s build¬
ing, Spain occupied 2(X) square feet of space,
showing the work of the women in that far away
country, also some personal relics which were
owned by Queen Isabella.
The Duke of Verugua furnished a large col¬
lection of historical documents which were
shown in the convent and specially mentioned
in another part of this work.
There was a number of private loans made
to the different departments by leading
Spaniards. In the historical and Fine Arts
divisions these loans were very numerous and
constituted and interesting exhibit.
THE BUILDING ERECTED BY SPAIN AT THE WORLD’S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
the legation and commission; Mr. Hobart C.
Chattield-Taylor, consul, attache to the commis¬
sion; Don Jaime Parlade, treasurer, attache to
the commission; Don Juan Vilardell, attache
to the commission; Don Juan Espina, assistant
commissioner of tine arts.
The Spanish building was erected of wood
and staff, modeled after the Casa Lonja. of
Valencia, which was erected before the discovery
of America. Only a portion of the original
building was duplicated, the column hall and
tower having been reduced in proportion to
three-fourths of the original.
The building had three stories, two of wliich
were properly arranged for the use of the royal
commissioners.
of the Spanish Transatlantic Company.
In Liberal Arts department were 124 exhi¬
biters.
In Forestry building there were 20 exhibiters
showing the woods of that country.
In the Agricultural building Spain had a
space covering 6,605 square feet, which was
tilled with exhibits from Cuba, Porto Rico,
Philippine Islands and Guinea, these depend¬
ences displayed samples of coffee, sugar, mineral
waters, preserves, tobacco, manilla hemp, cocoa,
chocolate, etc.
Spain was represented in the department of
Ethnology and occupied 10,000 feet of space;
the chapel of the convent La Rabida was also
^lled with interesting articles from that country.
Spain also showed lier interest in the Ex^msi-
tion in many other ways besides making exten¬
sive exhibits. Tlie young king of the country,
Alfonso III, was officially represented at the
Exposition by Princess Eulalia, a member of
the royal family, early in the season. Later the
only living and direct descendants of Christo-
iJier Columbus, the Duke and Duchess of
Veragua, and family were in attendance, and
manifested much interest in the gre.'it event.
In honoring the memory of Columbus and
the living representatives of Spain this country
won the eternal gratitude and friendship of that
nation, whose noble queen made it i^ossible for
the great navigator to accomplish what made
the Exposition possible.
r>4o
THE ROYAL
FAMILY OF
SPAIN AT
WORLD’S
FAIR.
His Royal Ylajes-
ty, the King of
Spain, Don Alfon¬
so XIII de Borbon,
was born in Madrid
on the 17th of May,
188t). He was born
a bt'in^ tlie
only ease of the
kind that history
repjisters in its
annals. He is the
posthunions son of
D(ni Alfonso XIP
tilt' late King'
whose reign was as
short as glorious.
Don Alfonso
XIII, in spite of
his youth, shows a
cleverness bilght-
ness and charac¬
ter (luite preco¬
cious and wondt'i'-
ful. He is lieing
carefully t'ducated
by his royal moth¬
er, the (^)iu'eu Re¬
gent of Spain. Dona
Maria Cristina,
who fullills the
double high mis¬
sion of educating
a king for his
pt'oph', while she
prt'pares the peo¬
ple for their king.
If, as an Austrian,
Ills MA.TESTV, DON .\LFOXSO XIII, KI'NJ OP SPAIN.
she shows to be a
second Marie The-
1‘t‘se, as a Spaniard
she is the perpet.
iiatoi-, on the throne
of St. Ferdinand,
of the traditions of
Dona Maria, de
M o 1 i n a. She is
idolized by the
S p a 11 i a h people
because she joins
to all her virtues a
talent that has
gained the respect
of the world for
herself, as well as
f o r t h e country
over which she
rules. “She is as
good and clever as
the Q u e en ’ all
Spaniards say in
their familiar con¬
versation. Dona
M aria Cristina is
real 1 y a m o d e 1
queen, wife and
mother, and she
j u s t ly connnands
the admiration of
the world.
An extraordinary
mission was sent to
Spunn by Congress
last year, to invite
the King a n d
Queen as desceiul-
iints of the great
Triubella of Castile,
to the World's
Columbian Expos¬
ition. Since then
the Queen Kegeiit
DONA MARIA CRISTINA, QUEEN REGENT OF SPAIN.
DON ALFONSO XII, LATE KING OF SPAIN.
CAMPKELI/S ILU^STIUTEl) HISTORY OF THE WORLirS (OLIAIIHAX EXPOSITION.
has shown the greatest interest in our Exposi¬
tion, and the Si3anish Cortes voted an im¬
portant appropriation, so that Spain could
occuDV one of the first places in the Columbian
celebration. Being quite impossible for the
Queen :o leave her country, and wishing to
prove how highly she appreciated the invitation
of th? United States government, she decided
to be represented at the Exposition by Her
Roya’ Highness, the Infanta Dona Eulalia,
who came to America for this pur])ose with
her husband, the Prince Don Antonio de
Orleans.
great part of her immense income is devoted to
charitable institutions, as well as to the protec¬
tion of arts and development of industries in
her country. The Infantes spend most of their
winters in Madrid, as Dona Eulalia dearly loves
her Royal nephew.
The Infante Don Antonio De Orleans who
was born in 18()(), being the eldest son of the
late Duke of Montpensier of the Royal House
of France, is one of the wealthiest princes in
Europe. He is also highly educated, and speaks
several languages fluently.
America welcomed the Infantes to this
U\
occasion an unusually large attendance greeted
her, all vieing to honor the lady as well as the
official position she held. A military and civic
parade was organized in her honor, as an escort
from her headcpiarters in the Auditorium hotel
to the Exposition grounds. Besides the official
visits made by the lady she made many in com¬
pany with her suite in an unofficial way.
A PRESENT FROM SPAIN.
The govt'riiment ot Spain, through the state
department, officially tendered to the United
INFANTA DONA EULALIA OF SPAIN,
PRINCE ANTONIO DE ORLE.ANS OF SPAIN,
REPRESENTING THE ROYAL FAMILY OF SPAIN AT THE EXPOSITION.
The Iiifanta Dona Eulalia is the youngest
sister of the late King Don Alfonso XII, and
consequently aunt of the present King of Spain.
She was born in the Royal Palace of Oriente at
Madrid, on February 12, 18(34, and was married
to her first cousin, the Infante Don Antonio,
March 6, 1886. She is very handsome, clever,
bright, and highly cultivated. She can speak
English, French, German, Portuguese and Ital¬
ian as fluently as her own language. She is as
good as she is pretty, and most charitable. A
country and made their stay an enjoyable one.
They first sailed to Porto Rico and Cuba, and
from there to New York on His Majesty,
the King of Spain’s, Squadron. After a short
visit in that city they came directly to Chicago.
During the visit of the Princess and her suite
to the Exposition she was given the freedom of
the city and was the recipient of lavish atten¬
tion both from the Exi^osition authorities and
private citizens. A day was set apart at the
Exposition known as “Infanta Day,” on which
States as a gift the reproduced flagship of Co¬
lumbus, the Santa Maria, which sailed to this
country to participate in the navel review and
formed a part of the Spanish exhibit at Chicago,
The ceremonies of presentation took place
near the close of the Exposition, and arrange¬
ments were made to take the Santa Maria to
Washington for permanent exhibition. The
Santa Maria, with its companions, the Nina and
Pinta, formed a very attractive exhibit in the
Marine division.
Ui
CAMPBEIJ;S ILLUSTKATEI) HISTORY OF THE WORLD’S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
SPANISH HORTICULTUKAL EXHIBIT.
The interest taken by Siiain in the Exposi¬
tion extended to all departments. In the depart¬
ment of Horticulture their exhibit was among
the best. They erected a very fine pavilion in
which they showed the great variety of fruits
raised in that country.
The pavilion contained a large exhibit of the
very finest productions of the citrus plants.
The famous grapes and raisins of Alalaga were
shown. In the deiiartment of Viticulture were
seen some rare old wines.
In the department of Floriculture could be
seen many beautiful plants and flowers from
the land of Columbus.
cause it is contemporary with the discovery of
America, but because Valladolid was the place
in which the illustrious Columbus died.
Spain and Cuba had a very extensive dis¬
play of food products of its sunny and rich
provinces, and the exhibit of sugar, tobacco,
coffee and cocoa was very fine and expensive.
Cuba made an especial effort to show the great
range of her food products, and endeavor to in¬
crease her trade with the United States and
other countries.
SPANISH PAVILION IN AIANUFAC
TURES BUILDING.
Although the space alloted to Spain in Mail¬
ing industries. This country had the largest
exhibit of manufactured tobaccos at the Expo
sition.
EXHIBIT FROAI SOUTH AAIERICA.
Grouped systematically in the northwest di
vision of the Agricultural building was the
pavilions and exhibits from South American
states. Brazil occupied the largest space, in
which she showed her leading products, coffee
being one of the largest exhibits. In close
proximity wmi'e the booths of Paraguay, Um.
guay, Venezuela, and British Guiana.
The last named state had a very unique ex-
hibit. It included almost every conceivable
OF SPAIN AND ESCORT ENTERING MIDWAY PLAISANCE
PRINCESS EULALIA
SPANISH PAVILION IN THE AGRICUL¬
TURAL BUILDING.
To Mr. Fernandez, delegate of the Chamber
of Commerce of Habana, and in charge of the
decoration and installation of this section, is
due the excellent idea of reproducing faithfully
the superior gallery of the San Gregorio of
Valladolid. The construction of the original
building dates back to 1488, in which year Don
Alfonzo de Burgos began the work, and it was
finished A. D. 1496 by Cardinal Ximenez.
The style of this historical monument was
renaissance of the most brilliant period of the
reign of Queen Isabella. The choice of this
decoration was quite appropriate, not only be-
ufactures building was very irregular, the pa-
\ilion erected was one of the most remarkable
features, because it was a reproduction, as exact
as possible, cl the interior of the Alosque of Cor¬
doba, with its low and beautiful Aloorish arches,
carefully copied from the original.
The showing of exquisite furniture, ancient
ceiamics, artistic metal works, repousse and
chiseled iron, as well as brocades, laces, carpets,
velvets and textile industry was a very fine and
attractive one.
The pavilion was one of the finest in the great
building devoted to the liberal arts and occupied
a conspicuous position among the many foreign
countries represented. Cuba also made a fine
showing in this department of her manufactur-
EULALIA DAY. JUNE 8, 188,3.
product of the state. There were woods, barks
plants, mineials, birds, work of native Indians,
unrefined sugar, coffee, rice, and a very large
collection of stuffed animals and reptiles which
are found in that country.
One very interesting exhibit was a quantity of
cassava bread, made from the mandioc plant.
This is a peculiar kind of plant, nothing like it
growing in this country, the roots of which
when grated make a very white flour. This is
made into circular cakes, similar to pancakes,
and is almost the entire food of the natives. A
very fine starch is also made from the plant.
An especial effort is being made by the state to
increase its trade with the United ,States in
sugar and rice.
CAMPHELl/S ILl.USTRATEI*) HISTORY OF THE WORLD'S (^OLI MHIAN EXIH)SIT10N.
;U8
THE COLUMBUS CARAVELS AT THE
WORLD’S PAIR.
From a point of historical interest the exhib¬
its pertaining to the life or work of Columbus
are among the leading ones at the Fair. In this
connection the fac-simile of the fleet of vessels
used by Columbus in his voyage of discovery
now on exhibition in the south lagoon just east
of the Agricultural building attracts thousands
of visitors every day.
The plan for this exhibit was i3repared by
William E. Curtis, who is in charge of the
Latin-American department at the Fair. It
was at tirst intended to make the caravels in
this country, but investigation showed that it
would be impracticable to attempt their con¬
struction here and a proposition was made to
the Spanish government for its co-operation.
After several months of study and investigation
that government agreed to construct the flag¬
ship, the “Santa Maria,” if this government
proceeded on their way to Chicago, going by
way of the Atlantic to the St. Lawrence river,
up this river and through the lakes to this city.
The trip occupied several weeks and they did
not arrive in Chicago until the early part of
July. They have been anchored in the lagoon
near the Agricultural building since their arri¬
val and have been in charge of Captain Concas
and a crew of Spanish sailors.
The dimensions of the Santa Maria are as
follows: Length at water line, 71 feet 8 inches;
beam, 25 feet 8 inches; depth of hold, 12 feet 5
inches; displacement, 288 metric tons; crew 52
men all told. On the poop and extending across
the deck is a cabin, which is a copy of that oc¬
cupied by Columbus; it contains a table, chair,
bed and wardrobe of the fifteenth century style.
There is also a royal pennant, which is an ex¬
act copy of the one carried by Columbus, as the
symbol of command. On the table was an
astrolobe and a forestaff, instruments used to
measure the attitude of the stars; while around
board can be seen many other relics of Colum¬
bus, all of historical interest to the student or
the curiosity seeker.
RELICS OF COLUxMBUS.
Perhaps the most interesting collection of
historical relics at the Fair are those to be
found in the Convent La Rabida pertaining
to the life and work of Columbus. The cata¬
logue gives a list of over one thousand articles,
all, or nearly all of which bear directly on the
life of the navigator. The list includes manu¬
scripts that are of priceless value; paintings
showing different scenes and incidents in Co¬
lumbus’ life; relics of his voyage of discovery
and a thousand and one other things of interest
to all.
Among the more important documents are
autograph letters of Columbus to Ferdinand
aiid Isabella written at ditff>rent ])eriods of his
career, including those before his voyage, dur-
PHOTOGRAPH OF THE COLUMBUS CARAVELS, THE
would make the other two, the “Pinfa” and
the “Nina.”
Congress having made no appropriation for
this work, Mr. Curtis was advanced the money
by Lyman J. Gage, of Chicago, with the under¬
standing that in case an appropriation was made
by Congress he should receive the money back
again. The Board of Directors of the Exposi¬
tion afterwards assumed charge of the work
and Congress made an appropriation, and the
money advanced by Mr. Gage was refunded to
him.
The caravels were built at Barcelona, Spain,
and on the sixth of February the “Santa Maria”
started from Cadiz, under command of Captain
Concas, of the Spanish navy, the “Nina” and
“Pinta” following the nineteenth of the same
month. They were first taken to Havana and
from there to New York, where they partici¬
pated in the naval review held there at the
opening of the Exposition.
After the review in New York the caravels
SANTA MARIA,” THE “NINA” AND THE
the sides of the cabin were the different arms
of the officers.
The Santa Maria is armed with four small
cannonades on the upper deck and four breech¬
loading guns on the gunwale. She has a bow¬
sprit, three masts,and is rigged with square and
triangular sails. Elevated at the stern of the
vessel is a large iron lantern, the ancient in¬
signia of an admiral and a custom handed down
to us, as in the mizzentop or on the aftermast of
the flagship there is always a light beaming
from sunset to daylight. In the open space
under the poop-deck are all sorts of specimens
of the arms used by the fighting men of Co¬
lumbus’ day, among the most curious of which
are the large guns called “lombardia, ' which
are lashed with ropes to their stout wooden
blocks of carriages, while near by in a netted
bag hangs stone balls, which were the projectiles
of the day.
The illustration on this page shows the three
caravels just as they appear to visitors. On
PINTA," EXHIBITED AT THE WORLD'S FAIR.
ing the different voyages and after his final
return home. The will of Columbus is also
among the relics, and a large number of manu¬
scripts pertaining to his discoveries and claims
against the Spanish government.
There are also letters, portraits, paintings and
documents bearing on the compu'st and setth'-
ment of Mexico and Peru by Cortez and Piz-
arro, together with relics of both conquests.
The early history of America, in which the
Spanish explorers took such an active part, is
made clearer to the student by the larga* num¬
ber of relics bearing on the work of the differ¬
ent men of that period.
The visitor who leaves the Fair without first
spending a day at least in the Convent will
miss an opportunity of a lifetime. The build¬
ing in which the exhibit is houst'd, being an
exact reproduction of the original Rabida,
is an interesting exhibit of itself, to say noth¬
ing of the wonderful collection to be seen
inside.
84< i*
(^\M1M5K1L^S IIJA;STIUTE1) history of the WORLD’S COLIMHIAN EXlOSlilON,
CONVENT LzV KABIDA, THE REFUGE OF COLUMBUS IN SPAIN. REPRODUCED AT THE
WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
QUEEN ISABELLA OF SPAIN DICTATING HER LAST WILL
FROM THE ORIGINAL PAINTING, BY PERMISSION.
CAMTHELl/S ILLI STKATED HISTORY OF THE AVOKLI)*S (OLUMKIAX EXPOSITION.
IIT5
ORIGINAL WILL OF QUEEN ISABELLA, OF SPAIN.
A¥e present to oiir readers in this issue a fac-simile of the first pa^e of the original will of Queen
Isabella, of Spain, which will be seen at the World’s Fair. The text of the will is in Latin and is very legible.
foduit'o Ci/Ljt njii dz Ij Co-ro lfCa.
\
\
etjtlij ct Iplu!?|2uich • Reportc|uaot(X5^^cai’t<a5ea)c)talli>Vle^cncuiti<5
^v^upntjesialia
^cjji*ana?)a toIcJo^eVakncia mtiflorcacj ^eScii|U^5cc«cScnt?
corbouaSlEOPrccga ic niuvci^^c |a^eri>elo(3ii.i«p«‘be^ ^al^6Gim^e^br4.l
^t-Aei'55cU(Jvnrt6j.tCan4nd6j»^'^P»^eb.iiTclond(2fenom>eV»^4fi^mo
^ LnubuqutfdHAt^cnAap neopattK* Con^pii>e troj^llon(:^ecE^•^<m|4m«.^
Ase Ortftan^:^C ffDO^no •'Dyo<lucpor^uanto yo otoi^uc m) tcp4
’man^?aM|citv)tt|Wentc;t:to>oloeneHonten|^o(ra.^4«r4^^K^
CO yinUn^ectanabiAse m) te| wmeto-^Si^^ po:.juwl4^l4^^ira
, bi fpo »(ittidwTO^i^^ ^ veciben ^araato e t» I conaei-ntaiA j ui-^iaoMit
'^J.fWnbSrt'a enfe entrometer to(J dlcalj&o mp:e<3 <|ueve|raen mclrc^nooe
aco^ojeev cnvmay t\llaricuxenUuic^cv^'^^Teri
_ j eniaquu^r tia non ^ }f
en eU a a: cn ententiei
<}0 poret*efuphcoali:cttmi(inov$m4nbo(iencii^maytf-,—^ ^
^cteiimncloq fuld^ienporlu|lia^lo<iccrcdxUo^^tW ^^^j^uah)
A epi/(v>p^l
d'he will is composed of four closely-written pages, similar to the above, and contains many instruc¬
tions to her subjects in reference to the country just discovered by Columbus, and as to the care of her newly
acquired subjects, the Indians. The following is a fac-simile of Queen Isabellas signature at the end of the will:
VIEW IN NORTH END OE GROUNDS LOOKING
SOUTH, SHOWING TTIE LAGOON, MERCHANT TAILORS,
U. S. GOVERNMENT, EJSHBRIES ANr> MANUKACTURES BUILDINGS.
THE EXPOSITION FKOM JULY, 1893, TO FEBRUARY, 1894.
PAGES 347 TO 640.
HON. ELIJAH B. MARTINDALE.
Hon. Elijah B. Martindale,one of the National
Commissiners fiann the State of Indiana, was
horn in that state in the year 1828, and has con-
tinonsly resided therein, beinu; now a resident
in its chief city, Indianapolis.
Jud_"e Martindale is an eminently practical
requires it. From the time of the organiza¬
tion of the National Commission, Judge Mar¬
tindale evinced commendable zeal and intelli¬
gent interest in everything pertaining to the
work of the great Exposition,, and with marked
disinterestedness, devoted himself diligently to
orderly development and the promotion of its
success in each of the important and responsible
the Board of Reference and Con/ro/, the duties
of which were most delicate, exacting and
onerous. Without disparagement of any other
member of the National Oommi.ssion, it is not
an exaggeration to say of Judge Martindale
that he contril)uted in as large a degree as any
one of his colleagues to the great undertaking.
Judge Martindale is a gentleman of refined and
-_ 4 .
HON. ELIJAH B. MARTINDALE,
NATIONAL COMMISSIONER FROM INDIANA.
person, possessing unusually keen perception,
marked discriminative powers, and is “rich in
saving common-sense,” and while he has de¬
cided convictions, and is ready at all times ably
and intelligently to maintain them, he is invaria¬
bly considerate, and ready to modify or yield
them gracefully when the situation rightfully
positions to which he was specially assigned by
the National Commission in connection there¬
with, and this particidarly exemplified in his
relation to the following most imiiortant Com¬
mittees: Commiiiee on BnildinfjH and Ground
which was a potential factor in securing the site
of the Exposition; the Executive Committee and
cultured tastes, of genial and attractive manners,
and his relations with his colleagues were in¬
variably characterized by a courtesy, kindliness,
forbearance, and genuine bon-homie, which
rendered him the oliject of their affectionate
regard. He was always fair and courteous in
times of heated debate in the Commission.
un
('AMPIJELI/S
illustrated history of the WORLD'S (T)LUMBTAN EXPOSITION.
INDIANA AT THE EXPOSITION.
The Indiana state building was one of the
most attractive, elaborate and comfortable on
the Exposition gr(mnds.
It was of the French gothic style of architect¬
ure, with cathedral windows, turrets and towers,
two large towers with spires were 150 feet high.
Size of building was 50x155 feet, with two large
verandas twenty feet wide, extending around
the building.
Th(' steps, balustrades and doorways were of
handsomely carv('d stone,from tlu^state quarries.
The lower door was of encaustic tile in hand¬
some patterns. Broad carved oak stairways
led from the lower floors into the towers. The
filling it with the various products of the soil
native to the state, besides a tine display of its
wool and dairy resources.
The mineral tlisplay cost about $2,000, and
contained specimens of the various kinds of
coal and stone to be found in the state, theie
being sixty-one exhibiters.
In the Forestry building $2,000 was spent in
making an exhibit of native wood, and manu¬
factured articles in all varieties of wooden ware.
In the Live Stock section the .state expended
$0,000. Its exhibit of tine stock was a credit to
the state.
The educational exhibit made in the Liberal
Arts deiiartment received much attention.
About $6,000 was expended in showing the work
South Bend; Charles S. Stuart, vice ^
La Fayette; William B. Roberts, secreS^f^"*’
auapolis; Fred ,1. Hayden, treas„i.,F*
Wayne; B. F. Havens, Executive Con "I ’■
Ten-eHaute; K<diert Mitcdiell,Prineeloi, PI?’
W. Frey, Evansville; .Joseph Wiis,,,,
ton; Royal E. I’urcell, Vincennes;.Ja’snerp'T
ard, New Albany; Sidney Conger Phi n ,
Cortez Ewing, Greensburg; Edward H-uvh
Indianapolis; Daniel H. Davis, Kiii<duJll '
eJolin G. Dunbar. Greencastle- D f '\r ,
hall, Westfield; J. V. Sweetser, AIarioii;T u
Westcott, Richmond; Thomas Hart iir,V • '
W. N. Hailnian, La Porte; B. B. P.
Logansport; J. B. White, Fort Wayne; John^
-I xN A Ol ^
doors and general finishing was of carved native
oak, highly polished. There was a large hall
on^ first and second floors, with parlors,reception
offices, check room and toilet rooms.
In the third story was a large dining room.
Tim entire cost of the building was $75,000.
ihe state appropriated $725,000. and $4,000,
was raised by private subscriptions. This suni
was utilized in erecting the building and mak-
lug the exhibit in the ditferent departments
After expending .S75,000 for the building the
remain .S.)0,000, was distributed among’ the
various departments.
In the Agricultural department $0,727, were
expended in erecting a handsome pavilion and
^lone by the different schools and educational
institutions in the state.
Hie Woman’s department expended $1000-
and the Anthropological, §1,000, in making an’
Taking the exhibit in all the different depart-
!■?! ’-I 'i "-as m the front
■ink with her sister states. Her eitixens were
thrir'vl '"““■'K '-isitors, and lent
. Id in making the Exposition a success,
O I. in .piantity and quality of exhibits and ii
elpi ig to swell the total attendance by fre-
quent visits.
The members of the Indiana State Boaixl of
ommissioners were: Gov. Claude Mathews,
EXPOSITION.
Cam 2 )bell, Crawfordsville; John B. Conner,
Indiamqjolis; V. K. Officer, Volga; S. 8. (jorby,
Indianapolis; W. A. Pee'le, Jr., Indianapolis;
Mrs. Alay Wright Sewell, Indianajiolis; Mrs. b.
S. Harrell, Brookviile; Airs. Laura D. Morley,
Elletsville; Mrs. E. P. Hammond, Rensselaer
National Board Lady Alanagers: Aliss YT
helniine Reitz, Evansville; Airs. Airginia 0.
Aleredith, Cambridge City; alternates; Miss
Susan W. Ball, Terre Haute; Aliss Mary H.
Kroiit, Crawfordsville.
National Commission-.Thomas Garvin, Evans¬
ville; Elijah B. Alartindale, Indianapolis; al¬
ternates: William E. AIcLean, Terre Haute;
Charles Al. Travis, Crawfordsville.
GRAND PROMENADE BETWEEN ELECTRICITY AND MINING BUILDINGS LEADING TO WOODED ISLAND.
VIEW ON GRAND PLAZA DURING A BAND CONCERT. MACMONNIES EOUNTAIN IN ACTION.
eSr><)
CAMPI5KLT/S ILLUSTRATED
HISTORY OF THE WORLTTS COLUMBIAN EXPOSTT
SOME GOOD WORK.
The Board of Administration has made many
improvements for the accommodation of visitors
at tlie Fair, Chief among these has been the
jn-ovision of seats for those who are tired and
worn out by sightseeing. Complaints came
from the hospital that 75 per cent, of all cases
coming to that de 2 )artnient was caused from
exhaustion, the ijatients being unable to find
seats to sit on when tired out. Seats are now
provided for over 100,OUO jjeoijle in different
jjarts of the ground.
another step in the right direction. These
changes will allow thousands of children to see
fhe Fair, who otherwise could not have done so,
and will also attract much larger audiences to
the concerts.
The change in the system of awards, whereby
the jury plan is adopted instead of the one man
judge, has been followed by a return of nearly
all the foreign countries that refused to allow
their exhibits to be in competition.
The final adjustment of the trouble in the
musical department has also been satisfactory
to all.
'.\nd great central basin, an excellent band gives
an hour's jn’ogramme, from one of the stands,
followed ^by other camcerts during the entire
afternoon, On Tuesday, Thursday and Sat-
erday evenings the grounds are ojjen, and
concerts are also given from the same stands.
These are free to the imblic.
At 2 o’clock each afternoon the Exjjosition
orchestra, conducted by Mr. Thomas, gives a
programme of classical music in Alusic Hall, at
which time celebrated solo artists appear. An
admision of fifty cents is charged to these con¬
certs. To those who do not desire to listen to
classical music the out door concerts, at which
popular airs are given, will be a great treat.
ROTUNDA OF THE ADMINISTRATION
BUILDING.
The great rotunda in the Administration
building is the wonder and admiration of the
many thousands of visitors at the Exposition.
Here they can sit and rest when tired, eat their
lunches, and at the same time gaze on the
beautiful decorations of the interior of the vast
WOOJJED ISLAND. ELECTRICITY A.\D AD.MIXISTPaTIO.N BUILDINGS IX BACKGROUND
The supplying of electric light and i^ower to
all parts of the grounds and the comideting of
the lighting system for the electric fountains is
another matter for congratulation. As the
night illumination of the ^jark is one of its
most attractive features, the finishing of the de¬
tails will be an added inducement to visitors.
The reduction of tickets for children to
twenty-five cents and that of admission to the
orchestial concerts from $1 to 50 cents has been
MUSICAL FEATURES.
The musical jiart of the Exposition grows
more interesting each week. Thus far the
visitors have been able to hear music of some
kind everyday. Beginning about 11 o’clock
Hie orchestra gives a daily concert of one hour
in Festival hall. During the afternoon, in
the court of honor just east of the Administra¬
tion building, and overlooking the fountains
arch rising to a height of 265 feet from the floor.
During the evenings when the building is
illuminated the electric lights bring'’ out the
beauties of the great mural paintings in the
dome. On the exterior the dome is one vast
glimmer of beauty from hundreds of incandes¬
cent lights, while around the square beneath are
placed a large number of flambeaus. The light
of these sway back and forth in the breeze, pro¬
ducing a weird and beautiful effect.
0AMPRELT;S illustrated history of the WORLD'S (’OLUHHIAX EXPOSITION. 851
INDIAN TRAINING SCHOOL.
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT FISH
EXHIBIT.
To those not living near the sea coast and un-
tainiliar with the fisheries industry of the United
States, the exhibit made in the Government
building will be a surprise, as well as a great
educational feature.
This exhibit contains everything in the line
of sea coast fishing. It shows all the boats and
paraphernalia used in whale and seal fishing;
also in the catching of cod and other salt water
IMPROVEMENT IN MAIL SERVICE.
At the west entrance to the U. S. Govern¬
ment building are two interesting exhibits.
One is an old western mail coach, a great, awk¬
ward, lumbering affair, with several mail bags
resting on the seat where the driver sits. This
old coach is an interesting relic of the days
when this class of vehicles represented the only
mail service the government afforded west of
the Missouri river.
The other exhibit is a modern railway mail
A delegation of thirty-two young men and
women have been installed in the Exhibition
Training School which has been established by
the Department of the Interior of the United
States. This particular branch is located in
a building erected especially for this purpose
on the east shore of the south pond.
These young people are under the charge of
Prof. \V. B. Creager, of Albuquer(|ue, N. M.,
and with him are the following named teachers
and their special departments: Mr. H. P. Leis-
ton, teacher and instructor in the military
discipline; Mrs. Creager, matron and instruct¬
ress insewing and housekeeping; Mrs. Clayton,
instructor in music and Mrs. Devol, instructor
in cooking. The young men have organized a
band with Edward Devol as leader and in¬
structor.
The object of this exhibition is to show what
progress has been made in educating the Indi¬
ans, to fit them for us^^ful occupations. The
young men will have their workshops, while
A SECTION OF FISHERIES EXHIBIT IN THE U. S. GOVERNMENT BUILDING. GROUP OP SEA LIONS.
fish. Specimens of many varieties of salt and
fresh water fish are to be seen, together with
groups of walrus, sea lions, and seal, arranged
with all the skill of the taxidermist’s art, mak¬
ing the subjects look as natural as though en¬
dowed with life. One group of sea lions seems
ready to spring at the visitor.
The process of fi.sh hatching is shown in all
its details in this section. Jars are filled with
the spawn of a large number of fresh water
fish. In small tanks may be seen the little
finny creatures in all their stages of develop¬
ment.
coach, fitted up with all the latest improvements
for the rapid handling of the great quantities of
mail matter that at present go all over the
country. The contrast between these two mail
service equipments is so great as to attract the
eye of the visitor at once, and conveys at a
glance the rapid strides made in the mail service
in the last quarter of a century.
An interesting piece of art work in the U. S.
Government building is a reproduction of a
scene in the Arctic region during one (ff Gree¬
ley’s Arctic explorations.
the girls will demonstrate their progress in do¬
mestic affairs.
These young Indians are representatives from
five tribes living in New Mexico, Arizona and
California, the Pinios, Paj^ajos, Pueblos, Nava-
j(^s and Mohaves. The season will be divided
between students as follows: Present delegation
will remain until June b; New York school,
June 0 to 27; Lincoln Institute, Philadelphia,
June 27 to 18; Lawrence, Kansas, school, July
18 to Aug. 15; Genoa, Nebraska, school, Aug.
16 to Sept 12; Chdocco, Oklalioma, school. Sept.
13 to Oct. 10; Osage school, Oct. 10 to Oct. 30.
LIVE FISH EXHIBIT
One of the most attractive, interestinu: and
valuable exhibits made in flu' Fish and Fisher¬
ies building- is ihat of the ITnit('d State's Fish
Commission. This exhibit occupies the emtire
east annex of the bnildinu'. surroundiuo the cen¬
tral fountain.
The larj 2 :e tanks are arranged in a circle
around the fountain and are divided into fresh
water and salt water sections. These tanks are
raised from the floor, and tlu^ interior of each
nosed gar, sheepshead, gold fish, rainbow trout,
channel catfish, lying in great schools, yellow
])erch, and many other well known varieties,
besides some that are extremely rare.
In the salt water section are some of the cur¬
ious freaks of nature. Great golden turtles,
that have flapping fins and which look like huge
birds flying through the water; king crabs, re-
l)ulsive looking creatures a foot long, covered
with a golden shell, and having claws six inches
long; hideous looking fish, covered with horns,
having yellow breasts, vari-colored backs and
of interest. Here may be seen some of the
strange and peculiar forms of life at the bottom
of the sea. Clinging to rocks, lying at the bot¬
tom of the tanks or glued to the glass of the
aijuarium, they present a uni(]ue ajipearance.
To the uninitiated this class of sea lib' looks
like masses of wet sponge, pieces of jelly and
bunches of wool, with no apparent action or
life.
In the circular basin beneath the central
fountain are numberless varieties of fresh
water fish, ranging from little minnows
to fish weighing from twenty to thirty
pounds each. Among them may be seen pike
jjickerel, bass, carp, catfish and many others.
In this one display the student may learn much
that could never be gained by reading.
The aquariums are arranged so as to give tiie
visitor ample opportunities for seeing the fish.
In the fresh water section there are eighteen
single tanks in the outer circle, and ten double
ones on the inner circle. In the salt water sec¬
tion there are eight single tanks and three double
ones. The double tanks are really but one. being
arranged in an inner circle so that visitcu’s can
see the fish on either side.- The entire exhibit
is certainly an educational feature of the Expo-
CENTHAL FOLNTAIN AND AQUARIUMIS IN FISHERIES
BUILDING.
is modeled after the natural arrangement of
rocks and sand in the streams, lakes and sea.
Passing along the fresh water section the vis¬
itor will see fish from every stream and lake in
the country, sporting about with the same free¬
dom they enjoy in their native streams. Among
the more prominent fish to l)eseen are the brook,
speckled and mountain trout, bream, resembling
the ba.ss, scale-carp and tench, introduced
from Europe, blue sun-fish, golden ide. common
red horse and sucker, sand pike, perch, long-
bulging blue eyes. These are called ‘‘stickle¬
backs.’ Other tanks contain rock-crabs, mum-
micliogs, tautogs, gunners, fiddle-crabs, whose
appearance are more singular than their names.
Tne white breast and glittering teeth of a sand
shark attracts the eye of the visitor, while in
the same hank may be seen star-fish and the ever
piesent pilot-fish, that is supposed to always ac¬
company the shark and give him pointers on
hov to obtain a good dinner.
The tank containing the sea anemone is one
sition that no one should fail to make a careful
study of.
CANNING INDUSTRY.
The fish canning industry of this country is
shown by an excellent exhibit in the w’est annex
of the Fisheries building. Here can be seen
great quantities of fish preserved, dried and
smoked, the whole forming an instructive feat¬
ure.
CAMPBELL’S ILLLSTRATED HISTORY OF THE WORLITS COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
1153
CALIFORNIA’S NUT EXHIBIT.
An interesting exhibit in the gallery at the
north end of the Horticultural building is the
pyramid of nuts. This exhibit is made by the
Los Nietos and Ranchito Walnut Growers’ As¬
sociation of California. This association is
comprised of sixty-three nut growers, all of
whom assisted
in making the
exhibit.
The pyramid is
about twenty feet
high, and is built
of wood and glass,
with nickel trim¬
mings. The inter¬
ior of the frames
comxjosing the
pyramid and tower
are filled with soft
shelled walnuts,
the whole making
one of the most
unique and attrac¬
tive exhibits in
that section of the
building.
STRAWBERRY
EXHIBIT.
The mastodon
strawberries that
have been on ex¬
hibition in Horti¬
cultural building
during the past
few weeks, would
tempt the jjalate of
an epicure,. Illi¬
nois made a splen¬
did showing. Wis¬
consin followed
with an exhibit
that X3laced her
among the leading
states of the Noith-
west in the x^ro-
duction of that
class of fruit.
»New York sent
in a collection
grown near Lake
Ontario that were
beauties, while
Michigan, Wash¬
ington and several
other states sent
collections that
caused visitors to
rub their eyes and
take a second look
before they could
believe that berries
were grown to such
dimensions. The
display from New
York was sent by
one of the young¬
est fruit growers
in that state.
FLOWER GARDEN.
Almost the entire sx)ace east of the Horticul¬
tural building has been turned into one vast
flower garden. Where, since the opening day,
nothing but pansies have bloomed, can now be
the specimens are culled from an altitude of
more than thirteen thousand feet, while
others range from ton to four thousand feet and
show an ever-varying beauty.
In another case is an ornamental collection,
which will delight all flower-lovers. All of the
new designs of showing them are original with
Mrs. Walker, and many are protected both by
coxjyright and x>:^tt‘id.
Although the majority of the blossoms were
gathered and x^i’pssed in 1892, a few have been
brought here from her collection of 1887, where
the brilliant c(dor of the wild rose and fringed
gentian is unimx)aired by time.
Sx)read out ux)on boxes and other imxu’omtu
tables are more than a hundred varieties of
beautiful flowers which cannot be disx)layed
X)ermanenfly on account of the failure of the
X)lans of Colorado commissioners to provide
the cases in which each design was sx^ecially
X)rex3ared. This collection comx)rises as many
designs as are already shown in the case exhib¬
ited. The sx^eci-
mens from Uto
Pass, where a ma¬
jority of the tlowcu’s
were gathered, in¬
clude the large,
X)ink blossoms of
the evening x)i’iiu-
rose and the star
flower of the large
evening blooming
menlz('lia.
The entire col¬
lection is Mrs.
Walker’s own ])er-
sonal work, and her
untiring industry
in the X)i’fq>Hration
shows the love
which she has for
Colorado and her
flowers.
WOODED IS¬
LAND.
The atiractions
for the visitor on
Wooded Island
grow as each day
passes by. Siq)!.
Thorxje isconstant-
ly adding some¬
thing new and
beautiful in the
way of xjhints and
flowers. Since the
number of seats
has been increased
the island is a
great resort for
tired x5eox)le, who
go there and rest
in the shade of the
trees and eat their
lunches.
ORANGES ON
THE TREES.
On the east end
of Midway x^ais-
ance, near the en¬
trance to the Flx-
Xjosition grounds,
is an orange and
lemon grove. This
is an exhibit from
California, and
contains quite a
large number of
orange and lemon
trees, with both
green and r i X) e
fruit on them. On the ox)X)osito side of the
X)laisance is a large exhibit of different kinds
of fruit trees from all over the country. In this
exhibit are dwarf cherry trees, only two years
old, that have rix)e fruit on their branches. '
California also has one of the finest orange
exhibits at the Fair in its state building.
seen a collcciion of beautiful flowers and xhants.
The marble basin just east of the entrance to
the building is also tilled with acpiatic x)hints.
COLORADO WILD FLOWERS AT THE
FAIR.
In division E, class 167, Horticultural de-
PHOTOGRAPH OF CALIFORNIA’S NUT EXHIBIT IN HORTICULTURAL BUILDING.
partment, may bo found a very neat and unique
exhibit of the work of Mrs. Sarah B. Walker,
of Castle Rock, Col. The flora of Colorado is
rexDresented by more than five hundred speci¬
mens. botanically arranged in glass cases, at¬
tached in wing-fashion to iron center standards,
and show careful arrangement. Very many of
“TEXTILES,” MURAL DECORATION BY WALTER McEWEN, SOUTHEAST ENTRANCE MANUFACTURES BUILDING.
MANUFACTURES HALL.
As one enters the sontlivvest entrance of this
colossal building a bewildering display of ele¬
gance meets the eye. Most conspicuous to the
immediate vision is Great Britain’s display.
Her section is extensive, ample and quite com¬
pletely tilled, ami her exhibit is well handled,
housed and equipped. Rows upon rows of
large, strong cases are filled with fine wares,
containing the solid, substantial and useful
heavy woolen goods, fine dress goods, cutlery,
needles, soap, perfumery, iron-ware, bric-a-brac,
china, and other exhibits of commercial value.
Not only this main section is replete with
an elaborate display, bm minor exhibits fill
the balconies, and are seen stationed among
exhibits of other countries.
As one emerges from the main labyrinth, the
next exhibit is that of Jamaica, which is one of
the most interesting and instructive in the build¬
ing. The exhibit embraces all and every j 3 ro-
duction of this country, natural, artificial
and manufactured.
Just opposite is seen several booths which
are filled with valuable goods and wares from
India. This display mainly consists of em-
bioidered shawls, portieres, dress goods, fine
bia.ss and copper goods, hand carved wooden
\\are and furniture. Some fine specimens of
exquisitely carved ivory is also seen.
Lpon the east side of the main aisle is the
Flench section, which presents an elegant
and magnificent appearance.
Passing along one discovers the display of the
Tiffany Company, of New York, one of the
largest jewelry houses in the world. Tlnur ex¬
terior is very attractive. A tall and iinijosirig
column, which is surmounted by a huge gilt
globe, guards the entrance. The open court is
surrounded by commodious and convenient
cases in which repose an elegant and valuable
line of fine wares.
Directly opposite and on the west side of the
main entrance is the grand exterior of the Ger¬
man exhibit. Its many domes, towers, arch¬
ways, turrets, statuary and fountains command
attention.
When the visitor is told that many thousands
of dollars have been expended upon this one
exhibit they pause in astonishment and can
appreciate the admiration with which the be¬
holder gazes on this wonderful display.
In close proximity to Germany is Austria,
whose exterior is almost equal to that of her
sister country. The enclosure is unique in
design, stately, graceful and elaborate. As one
looks through the portals they see a glittering
array of rare and valuable things, decorated
china, enameled ware and exquisite glass.
There are fully one hundred and fifty Bohemian
firms who have a wonderful disj^lay of fine glass¬
ware. The most exquisite design and finish is
seen in furniture, ornamental vases and decor¬
ated porcelains.
Jaf)an comes next and this exhibit is as ex¬
tensive, coinjilete and interesting as it is in other
buildings. In this section one finds a lavish
display of most valuable goods. Carved ivory,
inlaid woods, large and valuable vases, earthen
ware and rich embroideries.
Belgium’s section contains a rare collection
of laces, ceramics, tile, decorated china and
other works of art. f
Italy’s display contains some of the finest spec¬
imens of marble statuary at the Exposition.
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EAST PLAZA OP ELECTRICITY BUILDING, SIIOWINCJ ELECTRIC LAUNCH LANDING, LAGOON. BRIDGE AND WEST FRONT OF MANUJWCTURES BUILDING. ILLINOIS BUILDING IN DISTANCE.
CAMIM)ELI/S IliLTSTRATEI) HISTORY OF THP] WORLDS (.'OLII3IBIAX EXPOSITIOX.
FINE DRESS GOODS.
IN GERMANY’S SECTION.
One of the first and most attractive scenes
which meets the curiosity seeker in tlie German
exhil)it is a wonderfully beautiful room, which is
approached from a flii^ht of stairs. This room is
handsomely decorated, the furniture beinu^ ele¬
gant and massive. An old and valuable table
in the centre of the first room contains an al¬
bum which was presented to the Emperor of
Germany by the citizens of Munich. In it
are written the autographs of those who be¬
stowed the gift.
Upon the walls hangs a shield of honor which
The candelebra and larger furniture was once
the j)ro 23 erty of King Ludwig II. It is now the
property of King Otto, of Bavaria. The frames
and candelebra are of solid gold leaf, while the
upholstering is done in elaborate design, with
solid gokl wire.
GERMAN TOY EXHIBIT.
In Section F, 77-79, northwest part of Man¬
ufactures building, and prominent among the
extensive exhibits made by Germany and Ger¬
man firms, is the “Toy Exhibit.” This display
The section devoted to the display f.
dress goods, satins, silks, ribbons mrl i ^
tic goods in the north end of aL
building, has been relieved of iks'he!
somberness by a little artistic decorathar'^^
The display contained in the cases^"'.
that would attract a (lueen bv its rL ^
and extent. Everyth,, in
goods f(3r both men and women, is seen h
great profuseness. The display of
dazzling to tl.c eye, wliile the ,iu„|ity
the connoisseur.
EXHIBIT OE hardware.
Almost the entire east section of the centr
part of the Alanufactures building is devot
to an exhibit of hardware. In the line of ston
and furnaces the display is one of the fine'
ever seen in this country.
American firms take the most prominent pot
ition in the exhibit of both heavy and she
hardware. The artistic skill shown in the ai
photograph of
IS the property of Prince Bismarck. Occupyino-
a pedestal is a solid silver bust of the preseid
Oaperor, given for a prize in tl.e ateepled.aise
at the Hoppegarten, in Berlin, l,„t won by tl,e
Emperor s own horses, tlierfore reverting to his
majesty. It ,s loaned Ijy him to the Exposition
Passing througli a door at the riolit is i
drawing-room, which is furnished in the Ken'
aissanee style, A large arclied encdosiire at the
ett, which contains valuable and elegant furni¬
ture attracts attention. The siiiaU chairs and
stools are from the Heereiicliiemsee Castle
THE GERMAN TOY EXHIBIT,
MANUFACTURES
BUILDING.
This particular exhibit is made
wenty oy firms of Sonneberg, and
le most artistic and interesting displ
kind uintlci iw r. -ii. _ ^
-
kind made in the building. The ,,1
liere shown gives but a small part ol
very large. ^
A prominent Chicago dry goods
< Iready purchased the exhibit and wi
thrFdr'‘'’“
rangement and classification of the exhibits is
the primdpal point of attraction. The main
object of every exhibiter seems to be to make
his display striking and attractive.
A GREAT PROAIENADE.
The roof of the Manufactures building makes
one of the largest promenades ever built. Ele¬
vators constantly run from the floor, at the
north end of the building. The view from the
top of the building is magnificent.
TAMPHELl/S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE WOILLITS ('OLU3IBIAX EXPOSITIOX.
JAMAICA EXHIBIT.
The Jamaica court contains one of the most
interesting and instructive exhibits in Manu¬
factures building. The display consists of
sugar, starch, arrow-root, tapioca, tobacco, ver¬
micelli, cocoa beans, ginger, etc. Their sugars
are coarse and darker than those of our country,
but the flavor is more pleasant and sweeter,
closely resembling maple sugar.
The exhibit of coffee is exceedingly interest¬
ing. It appears in its first state, when the berry
is surrounded by a meaty substance, and looks
quite like a cherry. It is then shown devoid of
this covering. Another process releases a
cial flowers.
There are more than a hundred kinds of wood,
highly polished, which brings out lovely grains
and high coloring. Among the more beautiful
is the satin wood facca, mahoe, blood-wood,
mahogoii}/ and fustic.
Strings of beads are seen hanging about and
are called “Job’s Tears,” but instead of being
manufactured beads they are natural seeds
from a common weed, and very hard and satin¬
like in appearance.
IN AUSTRIA’S SECTION.
In the Austrian exhibit and at its extreme north
5 7
Joseph I, Emj^eror of Austria-Hungary. It
was woven at the Imperial Royal Power-Loom
ool and Cotton factory. The picture is a faith¬
ful portrait of the Emperor and is made on a
texture wliich is durable and, so far as possible,
resists the etfects of the sun-light. Tlu' j)icture
was made after a photograph and was enlarged
5fl-fold. It took nine months to complete the
design. This marvelous production adorns one
of the entrances to the Austrian exhibit.
IRISH RELICS.
Among Tiffany's display in the Manufactures
building is seen a case of jewelry which attracts
PHOTOGRAPH OF THE INTERIOR OF MANUFACTURES BUILDING, LOOKING NORTH.
thick skin and a silver-like tissue when it is
ready for the market in its raw state.
Banana meal is shown, and it is said to be
exceedingly nutritious and wholesome, and will
sustain life for a long time. Next comes an
exhibit of cocoa-nuts, and the various articles
made from them, which embraces oil, pipes,
ropes and mats. A section of bamboo is shown
from which protrudes a tuft of pure white sub¬
stance which when unrolled resembles brussels
net, very closely. It is used for trimming and
making fine lace hats. Another i:)ad is shown
whose contents, when unrolled, reveals a silk¬
like tissue which is employed in making artifi-
end is a beautiful apartment which is a perfect
imitation of the Princess Metternick’s drawing¬
room. The furniture consists of elegant tapestry
in gold frames, in roccoco and Empire style.
At one end of the room is a raised platform
ui^on which is placed a beautiful secretary and
other furnishings suitable for a lady’s writing-
room. In this room ladies are welcome and
cordially invited to pause and pen their com¬
munications. In the back-ground is a charm¬
ing winter garden in which is seen a beautiful
fountain, lit up with colored electric lights, ju’o-
ducing a most charming etfect. A wonderful
production of the loom is a i)ortrait of Francis
much attention. The pieces are representations
of chains and relics of historical interest, and is
the property of Mr. Edmund -Johnson of Dub¬
lin. The case and contents will be returned to
the owner after the close of the Fair. The
more important of these relics are the shrine of
St. Patrick’s tooth. The original is said to con¬
tain the tooth of St. Patrick which fell on the
door-sill of St. Bron’s church. This is a singu¬
lar relic and is regarded as uni(]ue, illustrative
of the arts in Ireland in the fourteenth cen¬
tury. Another is St. I’atrick’s cross. The
book of Kells is a manuscript nf the eighth
century, and contains the four gosj^els in Latin.
858
( AMIMJELL’S ILLUSTRATED lirSTORY OF THE WORLD’S COLIDFBIAX EXPOSITION.
the district, he was elected by a majority of two
hundred and fifty-nine, a high compliment to
his personal popularity.
He was a member of the National Commis¬
sion and President of the New York State
board and his influence did mnch to overcome
the strained feeling of New York City against
Chicago as the site.
HENRY W. EXALL.
HON. CHAUNCEY M. DEPEW,
NATIONAL COMMISSIONER FROM NEW YORK.
HON. CHAUNCEY M. DEPEW.
Hon. Chauucey M. Depew, LL. D., Presi¬
dent of the New York Central & Hud.sou River
Railroad Company, an eminent lawyer, orator,
and iiolitician, was born in Peekskill, N. Y.,
April .‘3,1884. His father, Isaac Depew, was a
prominent and highly esteemed citizen of Peek-
skill, and his mother, born Alartha Mitchell, was
a lady of marked jicrsonal beauty and tine ac¬
complishments, and a member of a New Eng¬
land family, whose most illustrious reiiresent-
ative was Roger Sherman, one of the signers of
the Declaration of Independence, she being a
gianddaughter of the Rev. Josiah Sherman, the
brother of Roger.
^ The old homestead in Peekskill, he still de¬
lights to call his home, although he has a fine
lesidence in New' Aork, and has for many years
been recognized as one of the most distin¬
guished men of the metropolis. iMr. Depew s
boyhood was spent in his native village, and
here he was prepared for college. At the age
of eighteen he entered Ahde, and in 185() was
graduated from that College w'ith one of the
first honors of his class. The year of his gradu¬
ation was signalized in a political way by the
organization of the Republican j^arty. and his
first vote for President of the United States was
cast tor John C. Preeniont. Although of Dem¬
ocratic antecedents, his early interest in politics
led him to prompt affiliation with the new party.
He studied law in his native village with the
Hoii. ^\l^ianl Nelson, and was admitted to the
bar in 1858, and began the practice of law in
IHoh, he readily demonstrated his fitness for the
profession; but he seemed ecpially at home in
politics, and for a time, at least, his career in
the law w'as destined to interruption.
In 1861 Mr. Depew was nominated for the
Assembly in the Third Westchester County
Disti ict, and although the Democrats were largely
in the ascendant in the county, and hopeful of
The subject of this sketch w’as born at Rich¬
mond, Virginia, August 30, 1848. His father
is Rev. George G. Exall, a Baptist minister,
well know'll in Virginia and the South. Mr.
ExalTs early education, interruiited w'hen he
W'as thirteen years of age by the civil w'ar, was
acquired at his father’s academy. Two years
later his strong Southern sympathies made him
a soldier in the cause. He w'as the boy of his
brigade, but his brave and brilliant soldiership
marked him even then as the child of distined
success. At the battle of Ream's Station his
brigade commander presented him with a sword
in recognition of his gallant services.
At the close of the war he studied law, but
veiy soon abandoned it for the w'lder and more
active field of commercial life. In 1867 he
moved from Virginia to Kentucky, wdiere he
engaged in merchandising and the manufacture
of w'oolen goods.
As a Democratic commissioner-at-large for
United States (appointed by president Harrison)
to the World’s Columbian Exposition, he brought
to bear up)on its organization and develop¬
ment rare business abilities, and such as could
not fail to be of great value and assistance to his
fdlow-commissioners, the people of the United
States at large, and to the people of Texas in
particular.
henry w. exall,
national COMMISSIONEB-AT-LARGE PROM TEXAS. ^
350
CAMPBELL’S ILLLSTIUTEl) HISTORY OF THE WORIJVS COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
CHARLES L. HUTCHINSON,
DIRECTOE world’s COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
H. H. KOHLSAAT.
DIRECTOR world's COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
CHARLES H. WACKER,
DIRECTOR world’s COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
FERDINAND W. PECK,
DIRECTOR world’s COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
m) 1IJ.US1
FERDINAND W. PECK. ‘
Fonlinand Wythe Peck, the son of Philip F.
\V. aiul Mary Kent Peck, was born in Chica^nj
in 1.848, and is the youn^-est of seven brothers,
thrc'c of wlioni still survive and are known
among the foremost in public spirit and enter¬
prise of Chicagcys sons. At the time of his
birth the Peck mansion and grounds occupied tlie
site now covered by the Grand Pacific Hotel,
and the city, as those of the present day know
it, was but a dnaim of the enthusiast. He was
educated in Chicago, graduating successfully
from the High School, the Old University, and
the Union College of Law.
Mr. Peck from his first entrance upon the
sphere of manhood has given largely of his time,
tafi'nts, and influence to the furtherance of
measures looking to the development and im¬
provement of his native city. He has been
prominently camnected with most of the enter¬
prises which have contributed t(j the renown of
Chicago. The magnitude of his private interests
has not detained him from active participation
in jniblic matters, and the value of his alert
mind and untiring energy has been recognized
by the community in the frequency with which
h(‘ has been called to leadership.
Tlie work which, perhaps, most wau'thily in-
terprt'ts and emphasizes the ardor and resolution
with which Mr. Peck carries his plans to ac-
coinplishnient, is the vast and magnificent
Aiulitorium building. For while many others
contributed moral and financial support to the
undertaking, the idea originated with him, and
to his i)ersistent labors and dauntless disregaid
of obstacles the costly structure is a worthy
monument.
From the earliest agitation of the project for
a Columbian celebration, Mr. Peck was an inde-
latigabie chamiuon of the scheme, and labored
incessantly to achievement of the results which
challenged tlie admiration of the world. Gne
of the seven original incorporators of the com¬
pany upon whose charter the whole super¬
structure of the Exjjosition was based, Mr Peck
was first vice-president of the corporation; als(.)
a member on the part of the directory of the
Loan! of Reference and Control, and of the
Bureau of xVdmissions and Collections; besides
exercising the arduous functions of chairman
of the Committee on Finance,
He is president of the Chicago Athenaeum;
of the Auditorium Association; of the Chicago
Opera Festival Association; trustee of the New
Chicago University; vice-ijresident of the
Illinois Humane Society; ex-president of the
Union League Club.
MR. CHARLES L. HUTCHINSON.
Mr. Charles L. Hutchinson was born at Lynn,
Massachusetts, on March 7, 1854, and came
West, with his parents, when only two years of
age. He received his education in Chicago,
graduating from the High School in 1875, and
immediately entered upon a business career with
his fat her, Benjamin Peters Hutchinson, a prom¬
inent and wealthy citizen of the “Garden City.-’
Chas. L. is the eldest son, and has virtually suc¬
ceeded to his father’s varied and important busi¬
ness enterprises. To render him competent to
handle the varied interests so successsullv con¬
ducted by Ids father, his business training was
obtained as follows: One year in the grain busi¬
ness, one year in the packing house, then he en¬
tered his father’s banking house, going through
every department until he has risen to the
"RATED HISTDRA" OF THE WORI.D'S COLI
distinguished and honorable position of Presi¬
dent of the Corn Exchange Bank. In 1883, he
was elected 2nd vice-president of the Chicago
Board of Trade, in 1884, secured the 1st vice-
presideucy and in 1888 was elected to fill the
presidential chair of that great institution. He
was identified, as a director, with the early
struggles of the Chicago Athenaeum, now one of
Chicago's leading business colleges. He has
been rejieatedly a member of the Art Committee
of the Inter-State Industrial Exposition of
Chicago. Mr. Hutchinson is president of the
Art Institute of Chicago, which ranks among
the best institutions of its class in the country.
He may safely be said to be one of the West’s
most prominent and influential art champions.
His great enthusiasm and admirable work
secured from the Local Directory of the
World's Fair an appropriation of upwards of
$200,000, for the erection in Chicago of a per¬
manent and handsome art building. To this
sum the Art Institute added at least $300,000,
while another splendid sum, for the same pur¬
pose, was raised by subscription. Mr. Hutchin¬
son was Chairman of the Committee on Fine
Arts, and a member of the Committee on Liberal
xVrts, of the World’s Columbian Exposition, also
one of the most active members of the Local
Directory. He is a promising young man, and
entirely worthy of the confidence so universally
reposed in him, and has, in addition, the respect
of the business community of Chicago. His
constant achievements as a successful business
man furnishes an excellent illustration for enter¬
prising young men to pattern after. He is a
strong Universaiist. In 1881 he married Miss
Frances Kiusley, daughter of H, M. Kinsley.
CHAS. H. WACKER.
Charles H. Wacker was born in Chicago,
August 29, 185(); attended public schools, high
school and the Lake Forest Academy. In 1872
he entered into the employ of a commission firm
on the Board of Trade as office boy; worked his
way up to a trusted position, and in 1875 left
the firm and made extended trips throughout
the United States.
On his way to Europe in 1876 he visited the
Centennial Exposition, and during his sojourn
of three years in Europe he attended a com¬
mercial college and the Conservatory of Music
both in Stuttgart and lectures at the university
at^Geneva, Switzerland. In 1878 he visited the
World’s Fair at Paris; made the tour of Ger¬
many, Switzerland, Holland, Belgium, France,
Italy, xVustria ami Egypt.
In 1879 he re-entered the office of Carl C.
Moeller & Co., and in 1880 joined his father in
establishing the malting firm of F. Wacker &
Son. Two years later the Wacker & Birk Brew¬
ing Co. was organized with his father as presi-
tlent and Charles H. M acker as secretary and
treasurer. xVt the death of F. Wacker in 1884,
he became president and treasurer.
He is a director in the Corn Exchange
Bank, Chicago Title and Trust Co., Western
Stone Co., IVright & Hills Linseed Oil Co., and
is president of the Chicago Heights Land Asso-
ciation. ^ As director of the World’s Columbian
Exposition he served on the ‘committees of
M ays and Means, Ceremonies, committee on
Foreign Aflairs, Electricity and Machinery.
He belongs to die Union League, Fellowship,
Bankers, Iroquois, Sunset, Germania, Athletic
and Union Clubs, and to the Turn-Gemeinde.
He IS also a director of the German Old People's
Home, and member of the Orpheus, Sennefelder,
MB!AN EXPOSITION.
Suabian and other German singing societies.
Mr. Wacker attributes whatever success he
may have achieved to the sterling qualities of
his parents, Frederick Wacker and Catharine
Wacker, who realized that the position in life
of their only son would be determined by
thoroughness of training and education.
H. H. KOHLSAAT.
Herman H. Kohlsaat, one of the most active
spirits of the Exposition, was identified with
the enterprise from the beginning. In the pre¬
liminary movement which resulted in the selec¬
tion of Chicago as the site for the World’s Fair,
he wuis prominent and with the assistance of two
fellow committeemen, Messrs. Otto Young and
D. K. Hill, raised the first popular subscription
of $6,000,000 which was to be an evidence and
guarantee to Congress of Chicago’s good faith.
Mr. Kohlsaat was among the forty-five men
who were elected by the stockholders as the first
board of directors of the Exposition. During
the existence of this body he rendered valuable
service as a member of the Press and Printing
and of the Committee of Ways and Means.
In Chicago's social and commercial circles Mr.
Kohlsaat is conspicuous. He was born in Ed¬
wards county, Illinois, March 22, 1853, and re¬
moved to Galena with his parents in 1854. At
the age of twelve he removed to Chicago. He
attended the Old Scammon and Skinner schools
until 1868, after which he turned his attention
to business.
Mr. Kohlsaat is the originator and proprietor
of the great bakery industry and lunch rooms
that bear his name. He recently purchased a
controlling interest in the Infer Ocecin, since
which time he has devoted a great deal of at¬
tention and money to making it one of the
leading dailies in the city.
W. P. KETCHAM.
W. P. Ketcham, ex-president of the Builder’s
& Trader s Exchange and one of the members of
the firm conq)osing the Ketcham Lumber Co.,
wholesale lumber dealers, is a native of Phila¬
delphia, born April 16, 1844. He was reared
principally in the West, and educated in the
public schools of Muscatine, Iowa. Upon reach¬
ing the age of sixteen years, he engaged in the
lumber, grain an I agricultural implement trade
with his brotlmr, J. P. Ketcham, at Marengo
Iowa. They did a successful business together
until, in 1861.
Soon after the breaking out of the war, Mr.
Ketcham, although but seventeen years of age,
enlisted in company A, Seventh Iowa Infaniry,
in which organizatian he served honorably for
ovci a yeai, when he was detatched to serve as
a clerk at the headquarters of Generals Grant
and Sherman. He participated in the battle of
Fort Donelson and at Shilo.
In August 1864, he returned to Iowa and re¬
sumed business, continuing in Marengo with
much success, until 1885, when he came to
Chicago and assisted in organizing the firm of
J. P. Ketcham & Bro. which has since taken
high rank. In 1890, W. P. Ketcham was elected
presidentof theBuilder’sand Trader’s Exchange
and he is also director in the Lumberman’s Ex.
climige and in the Lumber Dealer’s association.
He was married in Illinois in 1866, to Miss
X aiy Paiiy. Mr. Ketcham was a director of
tie Moilds Columbian Exposition and a
Committee on Grounds and
Buildings.
CASiriSELL’S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE WORLD'S OOIA’MBIAX EXPOSITION.
ADOLPH NATHAN,
DIRECTOR "world’s COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
by unremitting application to duty
and intelligent comprehension of the
•demands of the public. He was a
member of the Committee on Ways
and Means and also on Transporta¬
tion of the World’s Columbian Ex¬
position.
OBSCURE EXHIBITS.
ADOLPH NATHAN.
The subject of this sketch was born
at St. Goar on the Rhine, Germany,
in 1844, emigrating with his parents
to the United States in 1849, locating
on a farm near Lancaster, Wisconsin,
where his childhood years were spent.
At the age of nineteen he launched
into the mercantile career with $(500
borrowed money, energy, economy, a
clear head and determined will, as
capital. He was a volunteer soldier
in the union army in 1864, serving
his full term of enlistment with honor^
under General Washburn, in Ten¬
nessee. He remained in Wisconsin
until 1880, when he removed to Chi¬
cago. Here he was one of the found¬
ers of the manufacturing clothing
firm of Kuh, Nathan & Fischer.
In 1885 he was the leading spirit
in organizing and establishing Street’s
Western Stable Car line, for the
transportation of cattle and horses
over long distances on a humanitarian
l^rinciple.
In April 1890 he was elected one
of the forty-five directors of the
World’s Columbian Exposition, and
re-elected in 1891, 1892 and 1893.
In December 1891, by his heroic
action, in opposition to the decision
of a sub-committee, he secured to the
Exposition subscriptions exceeding
$250,000, which but for his prompt
action would have been lost.
As chairman of the committee of
Adjustment he rendered the World’s Fair
services of incalculable value. The committee
had supervision of collections, charge and con¬
trol of all concessions and the authority to
arbitrate, adjust and settle all claims between
the Exposition and concessionaires. The mag¬
nitude of this work may be estimated from the
result. Cash collections through this depart¬
ment amounted to nearly $3,700,000, at a loss
for claims and failures of only three per cent.
EDWARD PAYSON RIPLEY.
Edward P. Ripley, a jorominent citizen of
Chicago, actively connected for many years with
EDWARD PAYSON RIPLEY,
DIRECTOR world’s COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
several of the princijial western railroads and
now third-vice-president of the Chicago, Mil¬
waukee and !St. Paul Railroad Company, was
born at Dorchester, now a part of the city of
Boston, Massachusetts, October 30th, 1845.
Tiie subject of this sketch finished his educa¬
tion at the Dorchester High School, one of the
best institutions of its grade in the United
States. At the age of seventeen years he en¬
tered commercial life as a clerk in a wholesale
dry goods business at Boston, remaining thus
employed several years. About the time he be¬
came of age he entered the service of the Penn¬
sylvania Railroad Company as a clerk in the
freight department of the Boston office. In
1870 he left this position to accept a responsible
clerkship in the Boston office of the Chicago,
Burlington and Quincy Railroad Company, his
duties connecting him with both the freight and
passenger departments. Two years later he was
made the New England Freight and Passenger
Agent of the Company, with headquarters at
Boston. In 1876 he was appointed General
Eastern Agent of the Company for the territory
east of Buffalo, still retaining his official head¬
quarters at Boston. In 1878 he w'as made Gen¬
eral Freight Agent of the Chicago, Burlington
and Quincy system, with headquarters at
Chicago. In 1887 the office of Traffic Manager
was created by the directory of the road and his
special excellence in this department was recog¬
nized by his appointment to fill it. In 1888 he
was made General Manager. This position he
resigned on June 1, 1890; and on August 1,
following, he was elected third-vice-president
of the Chicago, Mihvaukee and St. Paul Rail¬
road Company. Mr. Ripley’s specialty is traffic
and in this department he stands second to no
railway official in America. His various promo¬
tions and present high position have been won
There was a large number of ex¬
hibits at the Exposition which were
placed in such out-of-the-way places
that they were seldom seen by the
visitors. This was esiiecially true in
certain portions of the Manufactures
building, Transportation building and
the Machinery hall. All of these ex¬
hibits were as interesting as any of
those which were given a more prom¬
inent location.
Visitors found many attractive ex¬
hibits in the galleries of the Manu¬
factures,Transportation, Agricultural,
Horticultural and Woman’s building.
The most beautiful flowers are of times
found in an obscure place.
Some of the most interesting things
to be seen in the Agricultural build¬
ing were found in the galleries. This
was the housewife’s paradise. Here
she was regaled with toothsome bak¬
ing by the numerous baking powder
exhibits. Chocolate and cocoa was
free to all who might come and par¬
take, while pickles could be had in
all designs and styles, without the
asking.
South of the Machinery Hall was the saw mill
exhibit, the Anthropological, Dairy, Cliff Dwel¬
lers and many others that the ordinary visitor
did not find unless they happened to stumble on
them in. their travels around the grounds. Yet
all of these exhibits were a part of the great Fair
and helped to make it complete.
In certain parts of the Mines and Mining
building were exhibits that had no eipial in the
more conspicuous localities; yet they were not
viewed by one-tenth of the people, simply be¬
cause they could not find them.
In the galleries of the Manufactures and
Liberal Arts department this was also true in a
large measure, owing to arrangement of space.
IWILLIAM P. KETCHAM,
DIRECTOR world’s COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
362
CAMPBELL’S ILLUSTRATED IlfSTORY OF THE WORLITS COLUMP,[AX EXPOSITION.
BOSTON WINDOW.
JAPANESE TAPESTRY.
In the Japanese section of the Fine
Arts Palace, at the Exposition, can be seen a
piece of tapestry that is worth a small fortune.
It is called the Tsnzure
Ni.skiki Tapestry, and rep-
r('S('nts the religions rites
of the fanions Nikko Tem¬
ple. This temple is situ¬
ated on a mountain about
90 miles from Tokyo.
This wonderful piece of
tajjestry is 13 x 22 feet, and
was made entirely by hand.
It is similar to the French
gobelin work, only much
suptu’ior in (piality. The
piece of work contains
hundreds of figures, all in
embroidery work of deli¬
cate and beautiful silks.
It occupies one whole side
of a room in the Japanese
section, and the first glance
a visitor would think it
was a large jjainting, so
perfect is every part of the
work. A closer inspection
will show the artistic work
of the makers, several of
whom worked four years
to complete it.
This j)iece of tapestry is
valued at over |30,000, and
it is but one of the many
wonderful j^ieces to be seen
in the fine art exhibit of
Japan. The cut on an
other page is an exact
reproduction of this piece
of tapestry as it now ap¬
pears.
AN ARTISTIC GROUP.
In the department de¬
voted exclusively to works
of sculpture stands many
conspicuous tigures and
groups. There is one, how¬
ever, that will attract at¬
tention at once, by its he¬
roic size, design and con¬
ception. It is called the
“Indian Buffalo Hunt,”
and represents a combat
between a mounted In¬
dian and a wounded buf¬
falo. Tlie artist has modeled his figures at
moment when the wounded buffalo is atten
ing to gore the horse, which has reared to
almost perpendicular position to avoid the n
“PAINTING, ’ PIECE OF STATUARY BY MARTINY, OVER NORTH ENTRANCE
TO FINE ARTS BUILDING.
TWO WORKS OF ART.
To Miss Mary Crease
Sears belongs the honor of
having designed the Bos-
t o n window for the
Woman’s building. O f
the many designs sent in
by women Miss Sears’ was
chosen as the most artistic.
This window is ten feet
high, three feet wide and
is divided by a transom
into two parts. In the
center of the large pajiel
is the seal of the city of
Boston, and about it is a
wreath twelve inches in
diameter and a beautiful
representation of the high¬
est art attainable with
colored glass. The border
is a scroll with flowers and
green foliage. The traii-
'som is ornamented with
wreaths, festoons, and rib¬
bons. The broad spaces
are so filled with intricate
and vari-colored mosaic
■5, work that the most har¬
monious effect is produced.
Miss Sears is successful
as an artist in designing
and decorative work. She
is well known and is one
of the alternate lady man¬
agers from Massachusetts.
Fil^ Austrian Art section contains
1 e Alts building are two pieces that will at notable works loaned for the occasion.
The hunter is in the act of sending another ar¬
row into the breast of the infuriated animal,
while clinging to his horse by his feet and
limbs. The entire group is life-size and forms
a really attractive exhibit. It is the work of
H. K, Bush-Brown, of Newburgh, N. Y.
once attract the attention of the visitor. The
first is a reproduction of the Parliament build¬
ing in Berlin, Germany. The building is a
sqmii’e structure with a central dome. On each
of the four corners rise square towers. Over
each entrance, on the towers and dome are
groiqis of statuary.
The entire building is reproduced in staff-
work, being about twenty feet long by fifteen
wide. The building as it stands in Berlin is
900 feet long by 700 feet wide.
The other piece of work is a model of Em-
peror William’s mfeniorial church. The model
is of wood, but the original is of stone and
marble. Both exhibits are excellent fac¬
similes of the originals.
STATUE OF MAUD MULLER
A beautiful and artistic statue of Maud Mul¬
ler, which is placed in the
center of the main corri-
der of the Woman’s build¬
ing is a delightful realiza¬
tion of that sweet country
maiden whose heart’s long¬
ings are immortalized in
beautiful verse by John G.
Whittier. As one gazes on
the girlish figure, its dainty
pose and innocent face they
instinctively sigh for “the
might have been.*’
This marble figure is the
materialized conception of
M iss Blanch Nevins, of
Lancaster, Penn.
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PIECE OF JAPANESE SILK TAPESTRY, EXHIBIT IN FINE ARTS BUILDING. SIZE, 13 X 22 FEET. VALUE, $30,000
CAMIMJKLL’S ILLIASTKATKI) HIS
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TWO ATTRACTIVE PICTURES.
In the United State.s section of the Fine Arts
building are- two huge
pieces of canvas that at¬
tract the attention of visi¬
tors. One represents a
scene, showing a custom
in vogue in Europe in the
thirteenth and fourteenth
centuries. It depicts a
great crowd (jf men, women
and children, passing along
the streets, with bodies
bared to the waist, groan¬
ing, praying, indicting all
in a n n e r of punishment
upon themselves as a pen¬
ance for sins committed,
either real or imagined.
The picture has a certain
fascination,so realistic has
the artist painted the utter
dejection, humiliation and
evident sincerity of the
people in their supposed
act of atonement. It is
the work of Carl Marr.
In the same room is
another painting by
Julian, showing a scene
during the French revolu¬
tion. The crazy, blood¬
thirsty mob and rabble are
at the hight of their atroc¬
ities. On all sides can be
seen bodies of the nobility
lying where they had been
stricken down by the mob.
The central dgure in the
picture is a young woman
of the nobility, who stands
at the entrance to a man¬
sion, with hands out¬
stretched and horror de¬
picted on every lineament
of her face. A burly ruf-
tian has just procured a
cup of blood from some
victim which he is urging
her to drink. The picture tells the whole story,
and faithfully paints one of the many scenes
history records of that bloody epoch in French
history.
BELGIAN EXHIBIT.
A small, but artistically arranged exhibit is
situated at the right of the south entrance in the
Woman’s Building. The exhibits are all loans
and are sent by the nobility of Belgium. They
include two water color pictures, made by the
Queen of Belgium, an oil painting executed by
the Countess de Flandre, sister-in-law to the
IN THE GALLERY.
Visitors, taking in the
splendid array of ijaintings,
statuary and other works
of art in the Art Palace,
may think all the best
liieces are to be seen on
the main floor. This is a
mistake. In the galleries
are placed some tine work.
Mexico has an exhibit
in one of the galleries, that
in a point of excellence, if
not size, is one of the best
in the building. One spec¬
ially attractive piece of
canvas is a scene showing
the early Spanish exidorers
and conquerors in the act
of torturing two of the
Aztecs by placing their
bared feet over a blazing
pile of fagots, presumably
to compel them to disclose
the hiding place of their
treasures.
One of the natives is
inclined to writhe and show
by his actions that the tor¬
ture is unendurable. The
other sits composed and
majestic, at the same time
gazing at his fellow-suf¬
ferer with a stern look of
disapproval. The artist has
put an almost life-like ex¬
pression into every charac¬
ter in the scene, the whole
entrancing the visitor by
its realism.
In the southwest section of the Illinois state
building can be seen a small but fine collection
of paintings and other works of art, all the work
of Illinois people. The exhibit makes an attrac¬
tive background for the splendid showing of
fine work made by the women of Illinois.
The display of artistic needlework, embroidery
and painting on fabrics is exceedingly fine, and
represents the work of women of several differ¬
ent firms in Chicago. China decorating is also
well represented by a tine dis^jlay.
of the Queen. There are also some fine embroi¬
deries on linen with gold thread.
JAPANESE VASES.
The exhibit of vases in the Japanese depart¬
ment of the Manufactures building is one of
the finest ever seen in this country. The dis¬
play contains vases of every size, kind and de¬
scription, valued at prices ranging from one
dollar to several thousand. The illustration on
Hiis page is from a photograph of one exhibit
in this department.
The Japanese are experts in this class of
A GROUP OF VASES, .JAPANESE EXHIBIT, LIBERAL
IN THE JAPANESE
PALACE.
ARTS BUILDING. -
Visitors were allowed to
gaze at the beautiful works of art in the Japan¬
ese Ho-o-den Palace on Wooded Island, Fourth
of July. Nearly all day there was a throng of
people passing around the unique buildings,
expressing admiration and wonder at the deli¬
cate work done in decorating the interior, and
the numerous exhibits of fine vases and other
works of Jax^anese skill.
Owing to the delicate nature of decorations?
furnishings and exhibits no one is allowed in
the buildings. The floors are covered with the
finest of mattings, while the walls and ceilings
of the rooms are a bewildering arrangement of
colors.
DE-PA RT/^DNT- % '
Queen. A case of rare and valuable laces, in¬
cluding the laces belonging to the court ladies.
A brussels point robe and flounce, the property
work. They show the visitor how the work is
done by unfinished vases in the different courses
of construction.
ART EXHIBIT IN ILLINOIS BUILDING.
CAMPBELL'S ILLESTBATET) HISTORY OF THE WORLD’S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
GERMAN EXHIBIT.
The exhibit from the women of Germany is
at last finished, installed and open to inspec¬
tion. ■'It is one of the largest and most com¬
plete exhibits in the building. While the dis¬
play of artistic and fine work is ample, yet the
A model kitchen is shown, where girls from
the ages of ten to twelve are taught housekeep¬
ing in a most comprehensive and thorough
manner. A large assortment of the most im¬
proved kitchen utensils are shown, and charts
upon its walls are illustrated with the difPerent
vegetables and meats, and from these charts
Bor)
fine specimens of the work done by children
from the ages of seven to thirteen years. This
includes knitted stockings, crochet and sam¬
pler embroidery, darning and mending, dress
cutting and making, millinery and art em¬
broidery.
Then comes a systematic and instructive dis¬
play of Woman’s Charitable Associations, one
of which is the Eidelweiss Mission, wliich pro¬
vides lodging houses and summer vacations for
poor children, when they are taken to the sea¬
shore or the Black Forest for recreation and
pure air.
IN CHILDREN’S BUILDING.
In one of the rooms of the Children’s build¬
ing is seen a very pretty frieze in oil on canvas,
and its design is holly and spring flowers.
This frieze was tlie work of children in the
“BLIND MAN’S BLUFF.” GROUP OF STATUARY NEAR WOMAN’S AND ILLINOIS’ BUILDINGS.
industrial and educational features are the most
noticeable and interesting. The public school
system of Germany is extremely practical and
systematic for the demonstrated display of
kitchen-gardens, kindergartens, and domestic
and fine arts department attached to the schools,
shows great advancement and advantages for
the masses,
lessons are given to the children upon the nu¬
tritiousness of food and its percent of com¬
pound elements A detailed account of the
system of the cooking-schools is also given.
This particular school is under the instruction
of Lena Morganstern, and is located at Berlin.
In the section directly opposite is the display
of the sewing schools, and in cases are shown
school for deaf and dumb at Chicago. The
children have each and every one had a part in
the work, and their ages ranged from three to
sixteen years. They have been under the im¬
mediate instruction of Miss Jean Miner, whose
work in the different departments of the Expos¬
ition attracts much attention and favorable
comment.
CAMPRPXL’S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE A\ORLD’S COLUMBIAX EXPOSlTIO^.
WORK OF FRENCH WOMEN.
The French section in the Woman’s building
was formally opened early in June. The open¬
ing took place in the presence of ladies con¬
nected with the Woman’s department of the
Exposition, and the official representatives of
the French g(jvernment at the Fair. Commis¬
sioner General ]\[. Camille Krantz, in a short
address, tendered the exhibit to the ladies.
The speech of acceptance was made by Mrs.
Potter Palmer. The entire southwest portion
of the main floor is occupied by this disi)lay, as
well as many cases in the gallery. The exhibit
has been largely arrang(‘d by Mile. Bertha Au-
bergeon, repn'senting Mine. Frank, of Paris,
and the installation was under the direct super¬
vision of M. De Laynes.
Perhaps the most interesting exhibit the
French people have sent to the M oman s de¬
partment is that of the educational work in
France. Maps, drawings and writings of the
school children, bound in volumes, are on ex¬
hibition, showing remarkable development at
an early age. There are maps of the various
countries drawn by students ten years of age
that are works of art and perfect in every detail.
CINCINNATI ROOM.
This beautiful room in Woman’s building was
one of the first completed, and since its appur¬
tenances, furnishings and exhibits have been
placed, it is the most attractive in the building.
Beautiful and exquisitely decorated china is
seen upon every hand. The etching on brass, cop-
is a masterpiece and adds materially to this
charming room.
A MODEL KITCHEN.
In the northwest corner of the gallery in
Woman’s building is a model kitchen. A large
assembly room has been set aside for a daily
lecture from 10:80 a. m. to 12 o’clock during
the entire six months of the Exposition.
Mrs. S. T. Rorer, principal of the Philadel¬
phia Cooking School, is in charge, and demon¬
strates her lectures with practical tests, such as
soups, puddings, frying, baking, etc. Her
especial demonstrations are with corn, in which
she hopes to excite universal interest, as there
is an over supply of it in this country. She
is demonstrating the numberless uses and meth-
>
A VIEW IN THE GREAT CENTRAL BASIN.
VENETIAN GONDOLA IN THE FOREGROUND.
At the north end of this section is an alcove,
handsomely furnished and fitted up with elab¬
orate household belongings which represents a
lady’s boudoir. Settled in a chair is a French
lady dres.sed in a charming costume. Opposite
her is her caller, arrayed in an elegant outdoor
costume, while just in front is seen a little girl
who is addressing her mother, and in the back-
giound, just entering the room, appears a ser¬
vant with a tray containing a cup of tea for
the afternoon caller.
In large case.s arranged about the room is a
fine display of rare and exquisite^ laces, em¬
broidery, needle-work and art work of all de¬
scription. A very large case contains dolls
dressed in costly material to represent and illus¬
trate the fashions of the ditferent centuries
and periods.
per and silver is a wonderful production of art.
A case of pottery is suggestive of evolution,
as it contains the first specimens, and so on
down to date, of the Cincinnati Woman’s club.
An unusually attractive vase is called the
“Alhambra,” and is the work of Mrs. Plmypton.
It is inlaid with ditferent colored clay, wdiile
the finer and more particular colors and designs
are put on with a brush; one side of the \^se
repiesenls the city of Cairo, the other an Arab
letter carrier.
The walls are iirofusely decorated with hand¬
some paintings. A noticeable one is entitled
“Christmas Morning.” Others are Love and
Money,” ‘-The Antiquarian,” “The Pardon,”
The Xurse, and “The Goose Girl.”
A marble bust of Rabbi Weise, of Cincinnati
IS especially fine. A full figure of “Ariadne’’
ods of utilizing it, in order to exhaust and con¬
trol the vast waste wdiicli it is now’ subject to.
This model kitchen and cooking school is
one of the most interesting departments of the
Woman’s building and is maintained and sujj-
ported by the Illinois State Woman’s board.
It is only proper here to say that no other
board has done more for the Exposition than
this same Illinois Woman’s board.
WOMEN AS GUIDES.
Theie have been twenty-five w’oinen guides
selected to escort the more timid and unknow¬
ing lady visitors about the Exposition. Most
of them have been utilized for the Woman’s
building, although a few have been detailed to
general service
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WOMAN’S LIBRARY.
The library in the Woman’s biiildinp; has
been entirely furnished by the women of the
New York State Board. In the main room are
This work has been the special collection of
Mrs. Frederick Bellamy, of New York, who is
also a member of the Board of Lady Managers.
Mrs. Charles Haven Royce, of New York city,
has been given the personal supervision of the
improved features. This especial collection of
New York books will be permanently placed in
the State building at Albany. To "this collec¬
tion of private books is added folio volumes
bound in chamois and worked with the seal of
handsomely carved. The mural paintings on
the walls and ceilings are the work of women
and are elaborately done.
On each side of the New York room are
smaller rooms, in which are placed the books
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PHOTOGRAPH SHOWING THE INTERIOR OF THE MAIN ROOM OF THE WOMAN’S LIBRARY, ^VOMAN’S BUILDING, WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
placed the books written by New York women,
and which already numbers 2,800 volumes.
Some of them are valued at a high figure for
their age and peculiarity. The entire number
of books in the library is 7,000.
library, and has directed the arrangement of the
works under their various classifications.
Miss Edith Clarke, of the Newberry library
of Chicago, has had charge of the cataloguing,
and her work shows many new, valuable and
the state. These contain statistics of woman’s
clubs and organizations.
The wall cases are of carved walnut and ex¬
tend entirely around the room. The furniture
and panels in the room are of old English oak,
of every other state and foreign nation under
the seal of the state or nation carved in wood.
The collection of autographs of such noted wom¬
en as Queen Elizabeth, Marie Antoinette, Martha
Washington and others is an interesting exhibit.
3fia
CAMI-HELL-S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE WORLD’S COLU.MBIAX EXPOSITION.
WOMAN’S CONGRESS.
The largest and most important, demonstra¬
tive and significant gathering of women that
the world lias ever known took place in the Art
Memorial Institute on the week commencing
May 15. It was a gathering from all parts of the
globe and from all ranks of life. There were seen
the pioneers of moral reform and the beginners
of agitation. The time-worn women who have
plead for religions toleration, social reform,
emancipation and freedom of speech
and deed were there.
New reformers have
sprung up all about us and
were seen in overwhelming
numbers.
The Art Palace was
turned over to the women
for a week to hold their
meetings in, which were
under the auspices of the
World’s Congress Auxil¬
iary.
The opening took place
on Monday morning. May
15, and President Bonney
of the Congress Auxiliary,
Mrs. Charles Henrotin,
president of th6 woman’s
branch of the auxiliary,
Mrs. Potter Palmer, Count¬
ess of Aberdeen, Count
V eragua a n d numerous
other distinguished men
and women took seats
upon the platform.
The exercises were
opened with prayer by
Prof. David Swing, after
which Mr. Bonney deliv¬
ered an address, at the con¬
clusion of which ho intro¬
duced Mrs. Palmer, who
made a brief but cordial
address of welcome. Mrs.
Henrotin then made an
a ble speech on the work of
the womau's branch. Elo¬
quent addresses were also
made by May Wright
Sewall,of Indianapolis, the
Countess of Aberdeen,
Clara Barton, of the Red
Cross society, Marie
Strom berg, of Ru.ssia,Meri
Toppelins, o f Findland,
and Annie Simpson, of
Breslau, Germany.
The evening session was
interesting and largely at¬
tended. Mrs. Potter Pal¬
mer occupied the platform
with many distinguished
women from foreign lands.
Mrs. Florence Fenwick
Miller, of England, addressed the meeting.
Brief addresses were made by women from
Germany, France, Australia, Sweden, Bohe¬
mia and Denmark.
The days were so full, the women so numer¬
ous and the subjects so many, that it is hard to
disciiminate- but the ladie.s which attracted
the most attention were those who not only
advocate dress reform, but have donned it.
Among them were Mrs. Anna Jenness Miller,
Rachel Foster Avery, Mrs. Grannis, Henrietta
Russell and Bertha Morris Smith.
The kindergarten associations were well rep¬
resented and addressed by such women as Caro¬
line T. Haven, of New’ Jersey, and Eliza A.
Blake and Sarah A. Stuart, of Philadelphia.
Social purity w’as an absorbing topic and
Elizabeth Grannis delivered an address on the
objects and aims of this society. Louise Thomas
delivered an able address and Helen Gaidnei
spoke upon the subject of “Heredity and Its
Moral Effect.”
The Woman’s Christian Temperance Union
drew a great crowd and addresses were made by
D. Louis, Mrs. Emily Marshal Wadsworth, and
Mrs. Eliva Anne Thayer.
A large audience listened to the words which
fell from the lips of four great actresses. The
first to speak w^as Mine. Helena Modjeska, who
siioke of the history of women on the stage.
Miss Georgia Cayvan’s address followed, and
she W’as generously applauded. Clara Morris
gave utterance to the same thought as Mine.
Modjeska. Julia Marlowe then followed with
“Woman’s Position and Influence in the
Drama.”
KATE MARSDEN’S
EXHIBIT.
ARCHITECTURE,” PIECE OP STATUARY BY MARTINY, OVER NORTH ENTRANCE
TO FINE ARTS BUILDING.
Mrs. Mary Lathrop, Mary McDowell, Mary H.
Hunt and Francis Leiter. The religious aspect
of w’oman’s life w’as ably handled by Revs. Flor¬
ence Kollock, Eugenia St. John, of Kansas,
Caroline J. Bartlett and Mary L. Moreland.
I he Catholic side of the religious controversy
W’as represented by Mrs. Alice T. Toomy, of
California, Mrs. Emma Carey, Miss Ellen A.
Ford, Frances Costigan and Mrs. Sarah A.
Moore, of Philadelphia. “Hebrew Women and
Their Religion” was the subject of a lively dis¬
cussion, and able papers were read by Minnie
An exhibition in the
Woman’s building is Kate
Marsden’s Siberian Leper
village. This model and
its equipments and accou¬
trements ap23eal strongly
to the heart of the philan¬
thropist.
Miss Marsden is an En¬
glish lady and a profes¬
sional nurse of the order
of the Red Cross, and when
a child her heart w’as moved
with pity for the sufferings
of the accursed, w’retched
and diseased lepers in
their miserable huts in
the lonely forests of Siber¬
ia. She made a per¬
sonal investigation of the
condition of the lepers,
enduring great hardships
in her journey across the
Siberian wilds. She at
once began asking aid for
the sufferers and, in Russia
and Siberia, she succeeded
in raising money enough
to erect temporary habita¬
tions for the lepers in the
province of Yakutsk, wdiere
she expects to establish
and build her permanent
village. In her temporary
home she has already put
five competent nurses.
" Miss Marsden’s exhibit
consists of a large and well
arranged model of the vil¬
lage, w’hich is composed of
a church, school house,
store, ten cottages w’here
lepers who are able to as¬
sume work may live with
their families and carry on
a business.
There are two large hos¬
pitals for the use of the
wholly incapacitated, one
for w’omen and the other
for men. These will be under the especial di¬
rection of Prof. Peterson and his assistant Dr.
Heimer, both citizens of St. Petersburg, Russia.
Miss Marsden also exhibits her saddle which
she used, the knife she carried and the foul, dry
bread that she had to eat on her long and pain¬
ful journey from Moscow to and from the Si¬
berian district.
There are some interesting photographs m
her collection and also letters from Queen
Victoria and the Empress of Russia which she
values very highly.
('AMPT’>ELT;S ILTXSTRATEI) history of the WORLD’S COLUMIUAX EXPOSITION.
PLANTS FROM NEW YORK.
The village of Short Hills, New York, sent
the finest collective exhibit of flowering and
ornamental plants seen at the World’s Fair.
The United States nurseries occupied 20,000
.s(piare feet in the Horticultural department and
also an acre of ground out of doors. The latter
was planted with bulbs of every kind in the fall
of 1802 and with hundreds of out-of-door hardy
plants, which gave promise of a beautiful show.
xV train of twelve cars filled with the first
consignment of plants arrived at Jackson Park
early in the season. These included orchids,
cypridimus, ferns of all kinds, anthuriums, be¬
gonias, both of the ordinary and tuliorous
rooted, a splendid display of azaleas and rhodo¬
dendrons, asters, pelargoniums, cannas, fuchsias,
heliotropes, lantanas, petunias, gardenias, a
large collection of rosi's, araucarias, bromeliads.
members of the Press Congress. In the even¬
ing a large audience convened to listen to the
greetings extended to the editors of the world,
and speeches were made by Mr. William Penn
Nixon, Major Moses Handy, Mrs, Potter Pal¬
mer, and Mrs. Charles Henrotin.
Re.sponses came from state presidents and
other state representatives. The most interest¬
ing feature of the evening was the pa^iers and
remarks which emanated from foreign represen¬
tatives of Great Britain, France, Russia, Ger¬
many, South xkmerica, Africa and Ceylon.
The second day was one of literary feasting,
when Helen M. Winslow, Olive Logan, Mile.
Anne de Bovet, Mrs. Takedo, of Japan, and
Elizabeth Bisland Wetmore spoke. The third
was full of thought and ideas emanating from
the minds of such women as Mrs. Croly (Jenny
June,) Adele Chretian, Ruth Kimball Gardner,
Emily Sherwood and Sallie Joy White. The
The forenoon of the last day finished the
week's congress and yet no lack of members or
interest was manifest. Mary Temple Bayard,
Janet Jennings, Charlotte Pendleton, Mrs.
Charlton Isabel Garrison, Mrs. French Sheldon,
and Rose Sonnenschien, of Austria, closed the
programme.
PORTRAITS OF NOTED WOMEN.
Quite a collection of etchings, lithographs
and engravings were to be seen on the west wall
of the main corridor in the Woman’s buikling.
One was a portrait of Marie de Medici, queen of
France, and engraved by herself. An old en¬
graving of Queen Semiramis, by Catrina Piotti,
an engraving of St. Sabastian, and head of a
woman by C. Pauliet and an etching of a lion’s
head by Rosa Boidieur. Near by was the loan
exhibit from the city of New York. In it was
CEYLON'S TEA AND RECEPTION ROOM,
WOMAN'S BUILDING, WORLD'S FAIR.
avoids, several varieties of pitcher plants, and
a great collection of palms and tree ferns.
PRESS CONGRESS.
The attendance at the woman’s branch of the
Press Congress was very large and, while the
prevailing sentiment of those attending was
earnest and enthusiastic, the outcome of those
significant meetings and the large gathering,
marked an upward epoch in the history of news¬
paper women.
The afternoon of the first day was given up
chiefiy to the interchange or social greetings
when Mr. Bonney, president of the Congress
Auxiliary, and IMiss Kront, president of the
Woman’s Press League, together with the com¬
mittee of arrangements, received the attendant
fourth day seemed a most conspicuous and
eventful one. The audience was exceedingly
large. The papers were full of great and grand
thoughts. Their writers were women of graci¬
ous demeanor and womanly grace. An intellect¬
ual feast \vas given the audience when such
women as Lillian Whiting, Mary P. Nimmo,
Eliza Archard Conner, Hester M. Poole, Mrs.
Elia Peattie, Mrs. E. J. Nicholson and Madame
Hanna Korany, of Beyrout, Syria, stepped upon
the platform and in beautifuf language told
what newspaper women were doing for the
world, and what they could do.
Kate Field, of Washington, Margaret Sangs-
ter, Katherine Conway, Florence Miller. Mrs.
E. P.Terhune (Marion Harland,) Lillian Ham¬
ilton French, and Bewick Colby addressed large
audiences on the evening of the fifth day.
seen an elegant point lace flounce, once the
property of Marie Antoinette. Next was a
(piaint sample, worked in the year 1750, by
Sarah Gibbs of Newport, R. I., and the aunt of
the Governor William Channing Gibbs of
Rhode Island. From an artistic point it is not
very beautiful but carries its lesson of progres¬
sion as it lies near most beautiful embroidery of
the present day. In the large assembly rooms
upon the north walls was engravings of Swed¬
ish celebrities, among them being Jenny Lind,
Fredrika Bremer, and Christine Nillson. Next
in order was the celebrated women of France,
among whom are Madame G. Sand, Madame
Roland, Rachael de Stael and Madame de
Maintenon. Such a collection of portraits of
women who have carved out fame and fortune
was never seen before.
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WASHINGTC )N
v-^TATL Bl ILDTNG, 8H()A\ TNG THE MAIN BIHLDTXG AND ANNEXES OX" EACH SIDE, AX"!) THE GREAT EIBEKTY PORE.
371
(\\MrJlELT;S ILLUSTKATET) HISTORY OF THE WORLD'S OOLUMBIAN EXPOSTTIOX.
WASHINGTON AT THE EXPOSITION.
The Washington state building was con¬
structed of native woods, logs and stone. The
main hall was 118x72 feet, with two wings 118x
40 feet. From the corners of the main structui-^
were stairs leading to the galleries 52x15 feet in
size overlooking the main hall. The east entrance
was under a stone arch built of alternate blocks
of gray tinino, blue cliuckanut and white Pitts¬
burg stone.
The foundations of the building were of
great fir logs, laid five deep and were 127
feet long ami eight feet in diameter at the butt
ends; the heavier of these weighed 36,000 lbs.,
and required four flat cars to transport them.
In squaring three sides of the largest log enough
lumber was cut away to build a good sized
house.
$1,000; Fine Arts, $1,500; Transportation, $150:
Taxidermy. $1,500.
In Agricultural building were ten exhibiters
showing wheat, corn, oats, barley, rye, grasses
and vegetables.
In Mines and Mining building were 256 ex¬
hibiters, showing silver, lead, gold and copper
ores, iron, antimony,coal, slate, marble and stone.
In Forestry building the exhibit of native
woods was one of the most elaborate of any
Pacific coast state.
The members of the Washington State Board
of commissioners were: N. G. Blalock, presi¬
dent; S. B. Conover, vice president; P. C. Kauf¬
man, secretary; G. V. Calhoun, executive com¬
missioner; P. W. Rochester, assistant executive
commissioner; L. R. Grimes, W. L. La Follette,
I. H. Cavanangle, C. H. Ballard.
Washington Board Lady Managers: Mrs.
in size at the end of which was a wide stairway
leading to the second story where were three
exhibition rooms 20x27 feet in size, capable of
being opened as one large assembly room.
The parlors, smoking, dining and sleeping
rooms were conveniently arranged and hand¬
somely furnished. A special room was occupied
by the board of Lady Commissioners.
The state appropriation was $100,OCX). The
building cost $27,957; different exhibits cost
$15,874, In Agricultural department were 378
exhibiters showing corn, wheat, grasses, seeds,
oats, rye, tobacco, henq3s and wool. In Horti¬
cultural building were 113 exhibiters showing
grapes, fruits, ornamental fruit and nursery
trees.
In Mining building were 641 exhibiters show¬
ing limonite, limestone, kidney ore, bituminous
and cannel coal, petroleum, coke, sandstone,
KENTUCKY'S STATE BUILDING AT
The trees when growing were 600 feet in
heiglit and the lowest branch 150 feet from the
ground.
The two wings of the building were devoted
to state exhibits, which were full, complete and
interesting. The reception, committees, parlors
and office rooms were convenient and com¬
modious.
The interior was finished in cedar and fir
woods, all the material being brought from
Washington. The sky-reaching flag staff was
208 feet high and weighed 32 tons. The build¬
ing was unique, massive and attractive.
The state appropriation was $155,000; contri¬
butions, $5,000. The building cost $60,000;
Agricultural exhibit, $13,500; Mineral, $12,000;
Horticultural, $10,000; Fisheries,$3,000; Educa¬
tional, $1,250; Woman’s, $5,000; Ethnological,
THE EXPOSITION, SHOWING STATUE OF DAN
Alice Houghton, Mrs. 0. W. Griggs, Mrs. M.
D. Owings, Mrs. Josephine Ettinger.
National Board Lady Managers: Mrs. M. D.
Owings, Mrs. Alice Houghton, alternates: Mrs.
C. W. Griggs, Mrs. J. H. Steinson.
National Commission: Henry Drum, Charles
B. Hopkins, alternates: Geo. F. Cummin, Clar¬
ence B. Bagley.
KENTUCKY AT THE EXPOSITION.
The state building was in the southern colon¬
ial style and was in every way suggestive of a
first-class Kentucky homestead. It was 75x90
feet, in demension and the center of the prin¬
cipal facade under the covered porch was the
main entrance.
The lobby opened to the great hall 35x40 feet
:^.L BOONE IN THE FOREGROUND.
several varieties of clay and saiul, marl and
ochre.
In Forestry building were 132 exhibitersshow-
inn the various native woods such as, paw-paw,
o
locust, birch, laurel, oak, cherry, chestnut, wal¬
nut, hickory, maple, poplar, cottonwood, aspen,
ash, l)uckeye, etc.
The members of the Kentucky State Board of
commissioners were: W. H. Dulaney, jn-esident;
John W. Yerkes, secretary; John D. Clardy,
James D. Black, William R. Smith, Zephania
Meek, Mrs. Sue P. Brown, Miss Lucy Lee Hill.
National Board Lady Managers: Miss Jean
W. Faulkner, Mrs. A. C. Jackson; alternates:
Mrs. Sarah F. Holt, Mrs. Alice B. Eastleraan.
National Commission: John Bennett, Harvey
Meyers; alternates; David N. Comingore, John
S. Morris.
:{7i>
(V\MIM{FJj;S II.LI’STKATKI) HIST()[»‘V OF THF WORLD'S ('OLFMRIAX FX1‘0SIT1(L\.
JKVV'
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«KAXD illumination and display of FIKFVVOKKS at THF EXPOS,.,., nv ,
S’ A1 IHF EXPOSIilON IN HONOK OP AMFKICA’S
CAMPBELL’S 1 LLLSTBATEl) HISTOKA’ OF THE WOBLD’S COLI MBIAX EXPOSITION.
878
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COUNTRY MEH
Y, JULY 4, 1893, SHOWING SPECIAL PIECES,
WASHINGTON AND THE STARS AND STRIPES, IN MID-AIR.
874
OA^rPP.ETJ/S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE WORLD'S (M)LUMIHAX EXPOSITION.
Hor people migrated from Indiana to Council
Bluffs, la., where she lived until the Spring of
’61, removing thence to Quincy, HL In Decem¬
ber, 1867, she took up her residence in Omaha,
Neb., and has continuously resided there since
that time.
Mrs. Briggs attended the public schools of
Iowa in her early school days; also the A^oung
Ladles’ Seminary at Council Bluffs, and at a later
period attended the public high school of Quincy,
Ill., being continuously in school until she was
nineteen years old.
Since her residence in Omaha she has written
much for the press, and for the past ten years
she has been prominently connected with state
fairs, exj)Ositions and art work, retiring from
the office of secretary of the Western Art Asso¬
ciation of Omaha, Neb., January 1, 1891, that
she might devote her time and best energies to
World’s Fair work.
Miis. BESIAII WILKINS.
Mrs. Besiah Wilkins is a native of
Ohio, and a true representative woman
of tliat state. She obtained her educa¬
tion at Kodgers’ Seminary for young
ladies, at S|)ringfield, O. Mrs. Wilkins
is tlie wife of lion. Besiah Wilkins,
ex-congi’essman fi'om Ohio, and at
present editor of the Washington Post-
ller life has been a quiet one, more
inclined to the home circle than to the
turmoil and bustle of ])ublic life. At
the sanio time she has taken a very
lively interest in the advancement of
women, and especially the ])art as¬
signed to them in World’s Fair
matters.
Mrs. Wilk ins was appointed ao re¬
presentative Lady Manager from the
District of Columbia, to act in concert
with Mrs. John A. Loean.
O
MRS. JOHN S. BRIGGS.
Mrs. John S. Briggs, the subject of
this sketch, is a native of Indiana.
Her ancestors were of Scotch, Eimlish
and Dutch descent, though native
born, her mother being a native of
Ohio and her father of I^ennsylvania.
He was a practicing physician of great
l)rominence.
Mrs. SUSAN R. ASHLEY.
club of I^enver, the “Denver Fort-
nightly Club.” For the last three years
she has been presidentof a German
literary club.
MRS. FLORA BEALL GINTY.
Mrs. Flora Beall Ginty is descended
from a very old family, dating back in
unbroken line to the 12th century.
Her own great grandfather (Lewis
Mor ris, of Alorrisania, N. A . j was one
of the signers of the declaration of in¬
dependence, and a member of the con¬
tinental congress from IMay, 1775, to
December, 1777. Mrs. Ginty’s mother
was Miss Frances Cooper, of Coopers-
town, N. A’^. Airs. Ginty was born at
Cooperstown, very near the house
known as “The Hall,” that her grand
uncle, J. Fenimore Cooper, has made
so famous in his novels. She exhibits
in a marked degree the talent she in-
herits from her family. She is a woman
of much ability, a fine \vriter, and for
years was her husband’s valued assistant
on his paper. The Chippeiva Herald.
Her style is distinctly original, pos¬
sessing a certain invigorating ring that
always puts life and courage into the
reader, and with a kindness of expres¬
sion exceeded by few writers of the
present day.
AIrs. iMARCTA LOUISE GOULD.
AIrs. JOHN S. BRIGGS.
AIRS. SUSAN RILEY ASHLEY.
Airs. Susan Riley Ashley was born and edu
cated in Ohio. She was married October 15,
1861, to Eli AI. Ashley, of Toledo, O. They went
directly to Denver, in the newly made territory
of Colorado, to reside. Air. and Airs. Ashley
have seen Denver grow from a village of 2,000
inhabitants to a city of 150,000, and have ac¬
tively particii)ated in all its interests and
charities.
Well informed as to the past history and
])resent status of Denver and Colorado, Airs.
Ashley is eminently fitted to rej)resent her State.
She was one of the organizers and is still one of
the directors of the “Denver Orphans’ Home,”
and contributes liberally to other charitable en-
teiprises. Hor intellectual ability is universally
acknowledged. She is an active member and has
held the office of president of the leading literary
AIrs. FLORA BEAL GINTY.
CAMPBELL’S ILLUSTBATET) HISTORY OF THE WORLD’S COLTAfRIAX EXPOSITION.
875
TEXAS AT THE EXPOSITION.
Notwithstanding the failnrs of the state of
Texas to make an appropriation to cover the
expense of erecting a state bnilding and provide
for a proper representation of the products of
the state at the Colnnd)ian Exposition, the
patriotic pride and etfort of the “Woman's
Y orld s Fair Exhibit Association,'’ supple¬
mented by the enthusiastic and well-timed
assistance of j\Ir. Jcjlin T. Dickinson and others,
resulted in securing a very handsome home for
visitors from the “Lone Star State.”
The citizens of Texas have reason to congratu¬
late themselves, that when they found a con¬
stitutional prohibition which prevented their
legislature from rendering financial aid in this
popular movement, they had a people ready to
subscribe the funds necessary for a dignified
showing in the galaxy of sister states.
Board Lady Managers: Mrs. RosineRyan, Lady cational exhibit, $4,500; Live Stock exhibit,
Manager- at-large.
National Board Lady Managers: Mrs. Ida L.
Turner, Mrs. Mary A. Cochran; alternates:
Mrs. K. C. McDaniel, (Vacancy).
National Commission: ArchelausM. Cochran,
John T. Dickinson; alternates: Lock McDan¬
iel, Henry B. Andrews.
NEBRASKA AT THE EXPOSITION.
Th ^ members of the Nebraska State Board of
Comr, issioners were: Charles A. Coe, president;
A H. Gale, secretary; Joseph Garnea, Commis¬
sioner-General; M. H. Weiss, A. J. Sawyer,
Seth P. Mobley; J. B. Steward.
Woman’s Auxiliary Board: Mrs. M. Allen
Bock, president; Miss Elizabeth W. Erwin,
secretary; Mrs. E. C. Langworthy, Chairman
Executive Committee; Mrs. Edward Stewart,
$5,000; Woman’s, $2,000; Miscellaneous, $1,(XX);
Beet Sugar exhibit, $1,500.
In the Agricultural department, there were
54 exhibiters, including those in the Dairy
division. The honey exhibt made was very
large. In the Horticultural department its
display of fruits—fresh, dried and canned—
was (J a superior quality.
In Forestry building was a fine showing of
the native woods, such as hackberry, black
walnut, burr oak, white cottonwood, white
willow, white elm, buffalo InuTy, box elder, iron
wood, cork elm, red cedar, linden prickley ash,
poison oak, wihl grape, dogwood, paw paw,
Juneberry, larch, red cedar, soft imq)le, hickory,
slippery elm, oak, black locust and wild cherry.
UTAH AT THE EXPOSITION.
Appropriation from Utah was $58,CXX)^ ex-
NEBRASKA STATE BUILDING AT THE WORLD’S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
The building occupied a ground space of 5()x
56 feet and was an attractive edifice properly
arranged for the object intended; contained
assembly rooms, committee rooms, historical
museum and library, bureau of information, etc.
The fact that the state made no exhibits in
the different departments was not owing to a
lack of iiiterest by the citizens, but the same
constitutional objection to them appropriating
any imjiiey for such purposes.
The members of the Texas State Board of
Commissioners were: H. B. Andrews, president;
William F. Ladd, first vice president: A. C.
Herndon, second vice presirlent; D. D. Bryan,
secretary; W. L. Moody, treasurer; R. B. Parrott,
W. C. Connor, J. S. Rice, J. N. Browning, Juli¬
us Runge, George Maun, John Adriance, Walter
Gresham, Mrs. W. H. Tobin, president; State
Mrs. W. H. McDonald, Mrs. Alice D. Hume,
Mrs. J. H. Smith, Mrs. E. L. Eaton, Mrs. J. H.
Lyncii, Miss Antoinette Wortham, Mrs. C. B.
Wells, Mrs. A. Patterson.
National Board Lady Managers: Mrs. John
S. Briggs, Mr. E. C. Langworthy; alternates:
Mrs. M. A. B. Martin, Mrs. Lena A. Bates.
National Commission: Euclid Martin, Albert
G. Scott; alternates: William L. May, John
Lauterbach.
T1 le State building was of the Corinthian
style of architecture, and occupied a ground
area of 60x100 feet, two stories high, constructed
of wood and staff.
Nebraska State aiipropriation was $85,(X)0;
building cost, $18,000; xAgticultural exhibit,
$7,000; Horticultural exhibit, $8,500; Dairy,
$2,500; Honey, $2,500; Forestry, $3,000; Edu-
Ijended as follows: Building, $12,0(X); Agricul¬
tural exhibit, $5,000; Mineral, $6,000; Forestry,
$300; Educational, $500; Anthropological, $3,000.
This state was well represented in the various
general departments, with the exception of
Horticulture.
In Mining building wt're 208 exhibiters
showing gold, silver, lead, zinc and iron ores,
San J nan gariu'ts, coal carbons, onyx, granite,
sandstone, slate, potters clay, black limestone,
red syenite, calcytes, asbestos, sulphur, salt,
alum, gypsum, nitrate of soda, nitrate of potash,
cop 2 )er ores, antimony, bismuth, quicksilver,
lead and silver bullion and mining views of the
state.
In the Agricultural and Anthrojjological build¬
ings Utah made a fine showing. In the former
department there were about thirty exhibiters.
37f)
CAMPF.ELL’S ILLU8TJIATP:i) HISTORY OF THE WORLD’S COLU3IIHAX EXI’OSITIOX.
The pav'ilioii was a of strain decoration.
Ill tlie Aiitliropolo<(icaUlepartiiieiit her exhibit
of fiuliaii and pia'-liistorical relics were very
interesting. Tlie tairly aborij^ines left iiiany
curious specimens of tln ir liandiwork of niiich
interi'st to tin* stmhnit of ethnology and
anthropolon^y.
The sainplt^s of work shown in the Forestry
depart nuMit wma; (.'vidcnice of the abundance and
value (jf h(‘r tiinlier resources.
The nieinbc'rs of the Utah Territorial Board of
Coininissioners wtna*: R.C.Ohainbin's. jiresident;
Rich ard ^Mackintosh, vice president; E. A. Me
Danii'l, secretary; He her ]\[. A\h>lls, treasurer;
N. A. Eni[)y, ex(‘cntive coininissioner.
Territorial B )ard Lady Arana< 2 ;('rs: Airs. F. S.
Richards, ])resident; Airs. F. D. Richards, vice-
which is the most interesting S 2 )eciinen of
.Spanish snpreinacy in this country; thisedd fort
was coininenceti in 1020, and retpiired 100 years
to build it, the model was one-fifth the size of
old fort. The frame was of jiine covered with
plaster and co([nina shells in imitation of the
original.
The interior was divided into exhibition
room, parlors and committee rooms; on the ram¬
parts was space for promenades and hanging
gardens. xV very characteristic exhibit of the
state's resources and prodmds was made in the
building, including the natural products and
many souvenir articles made from the mineral
products of the state; ornaments made from al¬
ligator’s teeth and other curios were also
nunieri ms.
Jackson Park.
In the Forestry building the exhibit made by
the .state was such as to bring' jironiinently be
fore the world the gnait vari('ty of valuable
W(jods to be found within its borders, and the
uses to which they could be imt, There was
$2,000 expended on this (exhibit.
The members of the Florida State Board of
Comnii.ssioner.s were; President and Executive
Commissioner, xVrthnr C. Jackson, Jacksonville-
Vice-Pn'sidents, Gov. PI. L. Alilchell, Ex-Gov
F. P. Fhmiing, Ex-Gov. W. I). Bloxliani, H(ni
Joseph Hirst, Hon. Jeff Brown, Hon. J. L,Gas
kins; .secretary, Guy I. Aietcaif, Dade conntv
Tnaisurer, J. T. Talbott, Duval count v; (Ami-
niissioners, E. P. Branch, Bre-vard count v; J. P
Greer, Clay county; J, E. Grady, Franklin
FLORIDA STATE BUILDING AT TUP. WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION,
president; Airs. Electa Bullock Airs C AV Tv T +i at- i
... M.. o. AV. Mi. M,;, P...,.,; ■ n
.: e . lies. Ml. Ot other minerals. About SBOO wns e.xpended
Maggie Txeogh, Airs. Susan B.' Emery.
National Commission: P. H. Lannan, Fred J.
xu'sel; alt('rnates: Charles Crane, AVilliam AI
r t'rry.
FLOIHDaV xVT the exposition.
in making this exhibit.
In the Horticultural building the nreat
iwll composed <>{ lemons and oranties, whidi
formed part of the e.xhibit from that state, was
one of tlie mteresliuo displays in the deparl-
b''‘«'I>l>los in their nat.
This stale did not make an ai.propriation tor ^ Tl " I'"''* '>1 ’■“'n' iHs-
..niatnreof oid Port Marion at «t. An.tstine', -
wunty; S. A. Jones, Hillsborough county;
J^. Hnelsenkamp, Alonroe coun ty; Fred W. Hoi
Nassau county; AI, R. Alarks, Orange count
R. E. Rose, Osceola county; J. A. Eiislow, J
b t. Johns county; Solon B. Thurman, Super!
tendent of Alinerals; AV. E. Knibloe, Superi;
tendent Education.
National Board Lady Alaiiagers, consisted o
Mrs. Alary C. Bell, Gainesville; Aliss E. Nell
imek, Tampa; alternates: Airs. Clihje AI. Ree^
dacksonville, and Airs. H. K. Ingram, Jacksoi
VI He.
National Commissioners were: C. F. B. Bie
by, DeLand; Richard Turiibnll, Alonticelii
alternates; Dudley AA". Adams, Tangerine; an
desse T. Bernard, Tallahassee.
(\\MPF,ELi;S ILLUSTKATEl) HISTORY OF THE WORlJrS COLLYMHIAX EXPOSITION.
3
i 4
copmimso m byj. a. camp3£U.
TEXAS STATE BUILDING AT THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
UTAH BUILDING AT THE WORLD’S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION
CA'\r]»p»F:Li;s ilij:strated history of the world’s columpiay exposition.
KANSAS AT THE EXPOSITION.
The prairies of Kansas sent forth their riches
to help swell the vast display at the Exposition.
The buildinig occupied a ground space of Dlox
138 feet and cost !s>24,(XJU. It was irregular in
form, one side being straight and the other three
forming irregular angles. It was two stories
in height, (*onstructed of wood and staff.
The first floor was used for exhibition pur¬
poses and the fine glass dome furnished abund¬
ance of light.
On each side of the main entrance to the
building were the offices devoted to the use of
the state boards, while the upper floor con¬
tained public rooms.
The state appropriated $65,000, of which
$24,000, was expended on the building. The
pavilion and exhibit in the Agricultural build¬
ing cost $9,000, and was up to the standard set
by all the western states In the Mining de¬
partment $1,500, was expended in showing its
mineral resources, while $2,200, was needed to
make an adecpiate showing of her fruit products
in the Horticultural building. In the Dairy
and Forestry buildings $500 and $700, were
respectively ex 2 )ended in making a creditable
display. In the Live Stock division $2,000,
were used in making a display of the state’s
[H’oduction of fine cattle, sliee^j, swine and
horses. The Liberal Arfs department con¬
tained an educational exhibit which cost the
Kansas as an Indian name meaning “sm i
water.” It was the 2Ist state admitted to the
union. Is nearly rectangular in shape; about
200x400 miles in size, contains 18,318 square
miles or—53,043,520 acres. The average altitude
of the western boundry is al)out 3,500 feet
above the sea level, is well watered and has a
fine soil for all crojjs.
Coal in inexhaustible beds has been found iu
some sections with lead, salt and a fine quality
of buikling stone in other sections, but the state
is specially noted for its grains and fruit, such
as apples, pears, peaches, plums, grapes and
cherries, and many varieties of small fruits.
The members of the National Commission
from Kansas were: Charles H. Holiday Jr
The grain decorations were abundant and
very gracefully displayed on a back ground of
ciimson, showing them off with almost stere¬
oscopic effect. Many natural features of the
state were shown on the'circulargallery surround-
ing the interior,^ besides numerous statistics.
The picture in second story of “five dis¬
franchised classes,” showing an Indian, lunatic
woman, criminifil and idiot, was examined by
everybody and the imperfections of law fullv
discussed. •
A soliool esliibit and display of woman’s work
"itli parlors aii<l office rooms, were also on the
second floor, wliicl, was easily reached by four
flights of stairs.
KANSAS STATE BUILDING AT THE EXPOSITK.
slate $1,000, and SoOO was spent in makino ,
representative exhibit in the Woman’s buildh.s
With but few excejitions, Kansas made :tf
state building one of the most interesting ai
Die Exposition. The whole interior of the
building was filled with artistic display of some
kind, the animal exhibit of Prof. Dyche, of the
State University, being one of the most attrac¬
tive, as well as instructive. The miniature
railway of the Rock Island route, proved a very
uiiieiue feature for the building and spoke
\ olumes for the enterprise of the railroad. The
\aiious grain and grass ornamentations and
photographic view of the whole interior will be
found 111 another part of this work.
Topeka, I. R. Burton, Abilene. Alternates: M.
D. Henry, Independence; S. H. Lanyon, Pitts¬
burg.
Nabonal Board of Lady Managers: Mrs.
Jennie S. Alitchell, Tojieka; Airs. Hester A.
Han bock, Topeka. Alternates, Airs. Sara Blair
Lynch, Leavenworth; Airs. Jane Haynes, Fort
Scott.
Kansas State Board of Commissioners were:
M. W. Cobun, Great Bend, president; L. P.
King, Tannehil, vice president; Airs. A. AI. Clark
Alankato, secretary; I. J. Anderson, Tojieka,
treasurer; George W. Glick, Atchison; A-
D. Collins, Salina; H. H. Kern, Bonner
Springs.
I ^
J1
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5
Y-
’* 75(>S'.980 6 '...i^
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“‘>?3.55b 5i'6 . .
'tar ^'j
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riiin"
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INTERIOR VIEW OF KANSAS STATE BUILDING, SHOWING THE ARTISTIC WORK IN GRAINS AND THE MINIATURE RAILWAY OF THE ROCK ISLAND COMPANY
PROF. DYCHE’S EXHIBIT OF NORTH
AMERICAN MAMMALS aT THE
WORLD'S FAIR,
The exhibit of mouiited animals in the Kan¬
sas State building' is considered by thousands
of people to be Die most interesting sliow on
the i^roiinds. It lias, from the very first day of
the Fair, attracted large crowds of enthusiastic
admirers.
The exhil)it occupies an annex SSxbb feet,
built on the north side of Kansas State build-
lllg^ The mounted SiX'cimens—lOb whole
animals and 20 large heads—were not only pre-
paied by Mr. Dyche in his laboratory of anatomy
am zoology at the university, but most of them
and scores of others were captured by him in
the inoiintains and jilains of the West and
Northwest. Tlie animals represented are :
been worked out, for the mountain goats and
sheejj rocky crags have been built up. A
buffalo grass plain has been constructed for
such species as the bison, antelope, jack-rabbit,
and prairie dog. The effect is agreeably
strengthened and made more realistic by a
panorama painting which extends the wood¬
lands, mountains and jilains as far as the eyes
care to look.
The method used by Mr. Dyche in mounting
these animals is most unique and interesting.
As it would take an illustrated article in itself
to show the details of the process we will only
hint at it here. A statue is built for each
animal upon a framework of wood and iron,
bolted together. Mr. Dyche goes at the work
of building a statue in much the same fashion
as a sculptor would. In order to facilitate
work and to keep the statues as light as possible
are spent in working out the characteristic out
lines of the animaTs anatomy.
The true and life-like appearance of the ani
mals as they stand in their respective grouu'
continually excites the admiration and wonder
of visitors. They seem to be living, winkiujl
and breathing creatures, and one is disaiipointed
that they do not move about. The scene ein
braces as much of the natural habitat of the an'
imals as the limited space of five or six thousand
feet allows. The rocks, large trees and lo^g
the exhibit have lieen modeled out of papipr
mache and are perfect imitations.
It is impossible to give a detailed description
of all Die different groups. The most interest¬
ing is the moose group, numbering seven
animals. _ Near by is another group of two bulls
engaged in a desperate battle. Equally as in¬
teresting is two monstrous lions quarreling over
\ iigi la oi common deer, mule deer, moose.
Woodland carilxm or reindeer, American elk
or ^vaplt^ Koeky j\lountaiu sheep, Roeky Moun-
ain goats, American antelope or prong buck
buffaloes, mountain lions (pumas, panthers’
painters or cougar-all the same animal), lai'm
gney oi tmibei solves, coyote wolves, different
species of foxes, including a most handsome
and \aluable silver gray fox, wolverines, fishers
or tiger cats S’
'^hbits, prairie dogs. etc. ’ ’
The exhibit is arranged after the fashion of
a panoiiima. An artificial ground-work, twentv
feet high in placcxs, has been modeled out of
papier imudie and made to reiiresent as far a
pop.l, e thonutu.,,1 habitat ^
aunnal. For the ntooae group a swlmp L'f
heen in tan liquor all +1,1 has
‘it'otfhet'^p/e'lS
■statue. It ,3 sewed up aud days or eviu'weeks
tabiitf* '“dy of a deer. Another group .
Tiic hipest specimen of buffalo in existe
wlnVi^ ' headed by a magnificent 1
which was killed by Mr. Dyche in 1890,
Lolorado IS one of the finest in the exlr
(Tr ^ 4 ! i’ 0 (^y crags in the backgroiin
otSS""^ ten Rocky Alountain sheep.
Roekv^'f^ contaiiig a group of seven w!
ino- fJ o^^ntain goats. A lioness just eim
oif/l pfr two kitl
A,,,ui hunt makes an attractive grc
nh cidlV ^"+T of a female p^t
otfsmabf antics of three of
bit of hy every one. The 62
aniiuala^'^^^’ '''olves, coyotes and other sma
interesting aud attract
THE ELECTRICAL EXHIBIT.
The visitor wanderiiiir around the Electricity
buildiniir during the day, unless he was espec¬
ially interested in dynamos and electrical ma¬
chinery and appliances, might not find much to
interest him, unless it was the exhibit made by
the Bell Telephone Ccnnpany, showing how the
great system of telephone work is done at the
central office.
At night, however, should he happen to visit
the building he will see a display that fills him
wifh admiration and amazement. The General
Electric company, the Westinghouse Electric
company, the Edison Electric company, the
Western Electric company, and dozens of
others have displays that are marvels. In the
center of the building rises a huge tower.
Strung along the sides are hundreds of electric
company has a picture of Columbus and its
name, with other handsome designs, all of
which are outlined by incandescent lamps. The
effect produced is beautiful.
Other firms have e(iually as inferesting dis¬
plays in different parts of the building, the
whole giving an appearance of fairy land by the
myriads of ever-changing and glistening light.
IN FLORIDA'S BUILDING.
The reproduction of the old Spanish Fort at
St. Augustine, Florida, makes a very interesting
state building for Florida. The building stands
in the north end of the grounds and is sur¬
rounded by a grove of tropical trees and plants.
From the outside the building has a forbidding
appearance, the guns of the old fort frowning
down on visitors. On the interior is found a
THINGS OF INTEREST.
Some of the most interesting things to be
seen at the Fair are to be found south of the
Agricultural building. In this part of the
grounds is tlie Cliff Dwellers, the Forestry
building, the Indian School, the Hide and
Leather exhibit, the Krupp Gun exhibit, the
Anthropological building, the Dairy exhibit,
the Saw Mill exhibit, the Wind Mill exhibit,
the Convent of La Rabida, several wliisky dis¬
tilling exhibits, besides the Spanish Caravels,
Whaling lioat and many other very interesting
things.
For some reason the visitor seems to have the
impression that all the interesting exhibits are
to be found in and around the lagoons and on
the Midway Plaisance. A whole day could be
well spent in the Anthropological building,
PHOTOGRAPH OF NORTH SECTION
OF PROF. DYCHE'S ANIMAL EXHIBIT IN KANSAS BUILDING, WORLD'S FAIR.
lights, arranged in various colored globes. A
current of electricity starts from the bottom of
the tower and as it passes up it produces a beau¬
tiful effect by aid of the different colored globes.
Another exhibit that attracts crowds of people
is a column from which radiates four arms, run¬
ning in ditferent directions, two of them ter¬
minating with large glass balls, and the other
two with smaller glolies. The curreid of elec¬
tricity runs up the column, i^assing through the
different colored lamps, then out on each arm
where it terminates in the balls and globes, the
balls being constantly moving in a circular
motion. After changing color several times the
current returns by some mysterious course and
the same effect is again produced.
Over the south entrance the Westinghouse
fine exhibit. This exhibit is arranged around a
circular court in which are tropical plants, and
consists of the natural products of the state,
including oranges and lemons, cotton, rice and
the products of cane. Rice and cane products
are given more attention in the state than
any other.
■ A fine showing is made of grasses and plants.
Exhibits of souvenirs made from coral, alliga¬
tor teeth and other curiosities are to be seen
on every hand. A department devoted to dis¬
pensing inhn’inaiion in regard to lands and the
advantages of the state for farming and fruit
raising is a feature of the exhibit. An exhibit
is also made in the Agricultural building, but
the one formerly in the Horticultural building
was removed the first of August
where are to be found articles so ancient that
no record of them can be given. Mummies
can be seen here that are as old as history itself,
while relics are on exhibit from every country
in the world. The exhibit of woods in the
Forestry building are well worth a careful in¬
spection by every person attending the Fair.
They show the timber resources of all coindries
in a comprehensive manner arid the specimens
are polished to the highest perfection. The hide
and leather exhibit can not fail but interest
everybody that wears shoes or gloves, as this
industry is a liroad one.
All the other exhibits in that jiart of the
grounds are equally as interesting and insiruc-
tive and should be seen by every one who visits
the Fa.U
CAMPfJELI/S ILM STIIATKI) HISTOKV OF THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAX EXPOSITJOX.
I
OBOUP OP Sl-ATL-ARV GUAKDIXO
TUB E.\TRAN-CE TO THE GKAX
H basix xear maxufactubes bu
LiUILDIXG.
rA3[P?»ELT;S TLLUSTPATET) HTSTORV OF THE WORLTFS COLUMRIAX EXPOSITIOX.
88
INDIAN EQUESTRIENNE STATUE, GUARDING ENTRANCE TO LAGOON, NEAR TRANSPORTATION BUILDING.
COWBOY EQUESTRIENNE STATUE, GUARDING ENTRANCE TO LAGOON, NEAR TRANSPORTATION BUILDING
Ui CAMrHKLI/S II
MRS. LAURA DAVIS WORLEY.
LADY COMMISSIONER FROM INDIANA.
..... mi.niui.N
.of the advisory council of business, and entertains in her elegant homp
r “a; " "aain, cLe. ^ M.. .he »os. p.p, ^
_ miss Florence davis.
Mrs. Laura Davis Worley is a member of the time to atten r her public or private ^ady commissioner from Tennessee
executive committee of the World’s Fair Com- out neg ec in -
Among the many notable appointments of
Women World’s Fair Commissioners is that of
Miss Florence Davis, of Nashville, Tenn.
naming Miss Davis as one of the Tennessee
Board, Governor Buchanan displayed a thorough
knowledge of the requirements of the position
She has ability by nature, by acquirement and
by inheritance. Her ancestors were among the
early settlers of the State. Her great grand¬
father, Frederick Davis, with General Robert¬
son, settled Nashville in 1780 . She is a niece of
Col. John H. Savage, the well-known lawyer and
politician and one of the foremost men of the
State, brilliant intellectually and a man of incor¬
ruptible character. Miss Davis is a graduate of
Wood’s Young Ladies’ Seminary in Nashville,
and has traveled extensively in the United States
and Canada. She is versed in literature and
well informed upon current events. The interests
of Tennessee women are in efficient hands and
the board is to be congratulated upon securing
her services. Miss Davis is a sister of Mrs.
Laura D. Worley, of the Indiana Commission,
one of the most capable and energetic members.
This is probably the only instance of two sisters
serving in this capacity for two States.
The Board of Lady Managers has a commo¬
dious building of its own, designed by a lady
architect. Their object is to show the condition
of the female sex throughout the world and the
achievements of woman in all branches of human
endeavor. The work is receiving merited recog¬
nition everywhere.
MRS. LAURA DAVIS WORLEY.
LADY COMMISSIONER FROM INDIANA.
mission for Indiana; is by birth a Tennesseean
and a descendant of one of the oldest families in
the State. She graduated at St. Cecilia’s Con¬
vent at the age of sixteen, but felt that only the
foundation of a liberal education had been laid.
She continued her studies in music, painting and
the French language under private teachers and
supplemented it by visits to various points of
interest in the United States and Canada. She
married Frank E. Worley, a banker of Elletts-
ville, Ind. Mr. Worley is also a large land-
owner, and finding the need of amusement and
occupation in a little country village, Mrs. Wor¬
ley turned her attention to dairy farming. She
has a large herd of Holstein and Jersey cattle
and makes a high grade of creamery butter.
She personally superintends the management of
her dairy and is a writer for several agricultural
papers on dairying in its various branches; is
one of the State Workers for Perdue University
and Farmers’ Institute and has been secretary of
the Indiana State Dairy Association since its
organization; is a member of the Congress-
Auxiliary for the World’s Fair in the labor de¬
partment and deeply interested in all that per¬
tains to bettering the condition of the farmers
^and their families both financially and intellect¬
ually.
Believing that a better acquaintance with the
great writers and more social amusements in the
home would benefit them, she was one of the
first to suggest the Farmers’ Reading Circle
movement in Indiana; is vice-president of that
MISS FLORENCE DAVIS.
LADY COMMISSIONER FROM TENNESSEE.
385
CA:\n‘iJELi;s ilixs'
MRS. ELIZA A. RICKARDS,
lai:y ma>’agkk fiiom Montana.
Mils. ELIZA A. RICKAKDS
Mrs. Eliza A. Rickards, daughter of Thomas
B. Ellis, was born in Pembroke, Ontario, May
12,1853. She received her education in Canada,
and like most Canadian girls was fond of out¬
door sports, excelling in the use of snowshoes,
skating and rowing.
She is the wife of Hon, John E. Rickards,
Governor of Montana, and being gifted with
talents of a high order has contributed not a
little to the successes achieved by her husband.
As a member of the Board of Lady Managers
of the MArld’s Fair, Mrs. Rickards devoted her
time largely to the duties devolving iixxjn her
from the o])eniug of the Exposition until its
close. She furnished the golden nail which
was driven by Mrs. Palmer at the ceremonies
when The erection of the AVomaihs building was
concluded. The honor of iTiiveiling the cele¬
brated Montana silver stature of Justice fell
upon Mrs. Rickards, her address on that occa¬
sion attracting wide attention,
FLORIDE CUNIXGHAM.
Miss Cuiiiiigham was born at Abbeville,South
Carolina, but her father moved to Charleston
wliiie she was yet in her earliest childhood. In
the schools of Charleston she laid the founda-
MlSft FLORIDE CUXINGHAM,
LADY MAITAGKK FROM SOUTH CAROLINA.
rRATKl) HISTORY OF THE WORLD'SJ'OLI
tion of her education.
Miss Cuniiigham, was Lady Manager for
South Carolina at the World's Columbian Ex¬
position. Her detinite plan, organization, zeal
and untiring energy in World’s Fair matters,
with the help of those intelligent and earnest
women around her, would have secured the
brilliant success of her state in the M"oman’s
departmant at Chicago, had the state been able
to financially respond and had the spirit of its
people been less broken. However, in her posi¬
tion as Lady Manager, she was a powerful
ally and coadjutor in this great enterprise to
Mrs. Potter Palmer.
MRS. MARY PAYTON.
Mrs. Mary Payton, member of the Board of
Lady Managers, and World’s Pair commissioner
for Oregon, is a native of Baden Baden, Ger¬
many, and a member of the old and illustrious
family of “von Dietsche.” In her early youth,
she came with her parents to America, which
has since been her home. She has been identi¬
fied with the growth and interersts of her
adopted state, Oregon, in every good work, and
is thoroughly American in her sympathies and
tastes.
MRS. MARY PAYTON,
LADY MANAGER FROM OREGON.
Her work in public charities and moral rCr
forms is known and appreciated throughout the
north and west. She is a consistent and a de¬
voted member of the EpiscojTal church, and is
generous to a fault, as many loving friends can
testify.
Her selection as a representative of her state,
in the World's Columbian Exposition work, was
but a just tribute to her many excellencies of
character and integrity of purpose.
— _ ——
MISS ELLEN A. FORD.
Miss Ellen A. Ford, member at large, was the
only national commissioner of either the men or
the women’s board residing in Brooklyn, with
its nearly million of inhabitants. It was not
surprising that Mrs. Palmer, with the thorough
appreciation of the greatness of the work before
her, was glad to avail herself of sucli an able
assistant. Miss Ford was one of the first
appointments on the executive committee.
□ At the very first meeting of tlie executive
committee Miss Ford strongly urged a children’s
work exhibit, including the free kindergarten.
She had the joy of seeing the completion of the
MHIAN EXPOSITION.
MISS ELLEN A. FORD,
LADY MANAGER FROM 15ROOKLVN.
Children’s building on the Fair grounds.
M"hen the board of Lady jManagers proposed
to send representatives to South American (;oun-
tries in the interest of the Fair, IMiss Ford was
chosen. Her plan ot state work whicli was
adoptel in many of the states enabled hundreds
of working girls to visit the Fair free of expense.
MRS. MATILDA B. CARSE.
Mrs. Matilda B. Carse, philanthropist, tem-
jyerance worker and financier, is of Scotch-Irish
origin,—a Chicagoan of tlu' Chicagoans, having
lived almost continually in that city since 1858.
She early became promimud. in tempm'ance
work, and has been presidmd of the Chicago
Ceidral Woman's Christian I'nioii since 1878,
In 1885 she began planning for the great
building, the AVoimm's Temperance Temjile at
Chicago, the national head(piarters of tlu*
Mb C. T. U.
Mrs. Carse was also president and founder of
the Woman’s Dormitory Association of tlu'
Columbian Exposition whicli was established for
the purpose of ert'cling doimitories for tlu'
accommodation of working women who attended
the Expfisitidn. This work she did in connection
with the Board of Lady Managm-s of tin'
Worhl’s Columbian Exposition, of wliich slie
was a member.
}
MRS. MATILDA II. CARSE, '
LADY MANAGER FROM CHICAGO.
mi
CAMPBELL’S IliiyrSTRATED HISTORY OE THE WOJILD'S COLILMBIAX EXPOSITTOX.
COLD STORAGE BUILDING BEFORE THE FIRE.
THE FIRE AT THE EXPOSITION, and owned by the Hercules Iron Works Oom-
, Pfiny, of Aurora, III, and used as a cold storage
lie first, and it is to be sincerely hoped the for exhibiters and concessioniares at the Fair
only catastrophe that will occur at the World’s The fire caught from the huge chimney, which
air, was the burning: of the Cold Storage rose up to a height of about 250 feet in
top the fire broke out beneath them i
off all escape. Some slid down the hos
and the ropes, and were saved, but thirtl ^
the brave men gave up their lives bv bcin^^
ried down with the tower when it fell ^
jumping to the roof, where they were’Sw
and afterwards burned. ^
Besides the firemen there were several m
in the building at work who were burned
total number of lives lost, including those
died from injuries is seyenteen, besides over a
score who were seriously injuried.
Before the smoke ceased rising from the rnia.
of the building poiiular sympathy began t
demonstrate itself through the efforts of th
general public to provide a fund tor the dead
firemen’s families and to aid those who had
been injured. Prom visitors, exhibiters con
cessionaires, employes and officials at Exi™
ition money came in large and small amounts.
Sunday, July IG, was the last on which the
Exposition was open and was called “Hero’s
Day. The entire gate receijits, amounting to
nearly $25,000, were devoted to the fund. The
money raised from all sources amounts at the
present writing to over $100,000 and still the
good work continues.
T.tKEN BY OUR OWN ARtI^x^AT THE JULY 10 , 189a
bu Idmg, July 10, and the attendant horrors the center f ii u .
arrotherl The firemen who losT fheh- lives wer ' tt,'" n *" E^PosiHon officia
The building was a private enterprise built Th”* '‘“"‘‘"h' hose up the inside of tlYtow^ going to the roof c
P > the chimney. When aim i i M^iniitactiires building and tlie domes of se^
y- hen almost at the eral of the other high buildittgs.
CO
ffC'
a:
BIRDSEiE VIEW OF (JRAND BASIN, FOUNTAINS, MACHINERY HALL, ADMINISTRATION AND ELECTRICITY BUILDINOS FROM ROOF OF MANUFACTURES BUILDING
mi
(JAMPHEIJ/S ILLTSTRATEI) HISTORY OF THE WORLD'S (M)LUMHIAX EXI'OSTTION.
EAST INDIA AT THE FAIR.
Lour hundred years aj.^o Coluiubus
sailed from Spain and discovered what
he supposed was India. This country,
whicli is one (d the oldest in history,
has always been famous for its wealth,
woiuhud'ul resources, myths, traditions,
dense i)opulation and 2 )eculiar relii^ious
rites and custc^ms.
That India, or East India, as it has
b('eu called since the islands discovered
by the ijn'at navii^ator were termed the
West Iiidi(‘s, should be properly repre¬
sented at the AVorld’s Columbian Expo-
ruliou was ar^i^ued by all the leading men
of that wonderfully resourceful country.
F.)!’.somenaison the government of India
failed to make arrangements for an
official representation at the Exposition,
but it arranged with 3[r. 8. J. Tellery,
one of the leading merchants of the
country, to rejjri'sent the Art Industries
of the Indian Empire at the Exposition,
under the patrf)nage of the government.
In S('})tember, 1892, the Indian govern-
numt appoint(Hl Air. Tellery commis¬
sioner for the Art Industries of India at
the Exposition. As he had invested a
large amouid of money in the exhibit
he int(‘nded t(^ make, he was compelled
to (h'cline the official title, from the fact
that his private atfairs while at the Fair
would prevent him attending to all the
social functions and other duties devolv¬
ing upon the rei)reseidative of a foreign
CvUintry. The i)osition ho held in con¬
nection with the Exposition, and the
S. J. TELLERY,
KEPKESENT.4TIVE OE EAST IXDIA AT THE EXPOSITION.
title conferred upon him by the rv
nient of Iiulin, was: “Aca ivdiUHl p '*'"'
seatativeofthe Ai-t ludusf„(‘!f
Indian Eiiipiieat the Wald's f'„i
an Exposition.” Mr. Telle^:
ac'creditod by the rnlers of Heydeni T
Mysore, .lodl.pore, Patiala, K, ^ f
Jliind, Kerowly and Kutel, toiL,.,..'"''
the art industries of flu ‘
states.
several
The balding erected at the expense ot
that govermnent wiis found in the „ori|,
east part of the Exposition groiiiuh'
near the Swedish building, and yen’
close to the Intramural Electric raihn.
This building was composed of ,v*,|
and staff, similar to many others on the
grounds. Although quite small, it con.
taiiied a main floor and gallery. Almost
every foot of space in the entire build,
ing was filled with an artistically ar
ranged exhibit. It was in this arrange.'
ment of the many curious and valuable
things to be seen in the exhibit that
made it so attractive to visitors. As one
entered the great arched doorway there
was such a bewildering array of the
wealth of India displayed that an in.
voluntary expression of delight and
wonder escaiied from the lips. Avenues
lined on either side with all the treas¬
ures of the Orient, greeted the visit¬
ors as they proceeded in their tour of
insiiectiou.
To make the scene more like what can
be found in great houses in India,several
natives with gracious and courtly man¬
ners, answered all questions.
EAST INDL\ building AT
the WORLD'S COLUMBI.yx EXPOSITION
CAMPP*ELL\S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE WORLD’S COLURIHAX EXPOSITION.
INDIA’S EXHIBIT AT THE FAIR.
Ill a previous article on the exhibit from
India made at the Fair we referred more par¬
ticularly to the building and the firm making
the exhibit. In this article we wish to bring
before the visitor the fact that the exhibit made
by S. J. Tellery & Co. is one of the finest at the
Fair, both as to quantity and quality. The ex¬
hibit includes silver ware, metal ware, fabrics,
woolen pile carpets, felt rugs, cotton carpets and
rugs, wood work, ivory carving, painting on
ivory, clay models, enamels on gold and silver,
marble, alabaster and stone manufactures, arms,
pottery, horn work, fans, shoes, antiquities and
curiosities.
The silver ware includes Kashmir. Lucknow,
worth a small fortune. In the work of enamel¬
ing the product of Jeypore has no equal in the
world. The secret of doing this class of work
is confined to a few families, and though poor,
they will not iiart with it for any sum that may
be otfered. In this class of work can bo seen
caskets, watch cases, lockets, chains and
brooches.
Ivory is carved all over India and Burmah
and the exhibit of this class of work is very
large and contains some of the finest specimens
to be found in that country. The exhibit con¬
tains carved elephants, camels, tigers, cows,
statuettes, besides hunting, festive and (-ere-
monial scenes, mythological subjects carved in
relief and many other little trinkets. The ex¬
hibit of ivory fans is very large and valuable.
designs contains swords and spears and bows
and arrows of the Rajputs and all the d]tf<?'rent
weapons of the Rohillas, Mahrattas, Gurkhas
and Burmese. The celebrated Damascus steel
blades can be seen in many varieties. The
magnetic ore from which these weapons are
made is taken from the Shisha Hills in India.
The collection of battle-axes, matchlocks,
powder horns, bows and arrows and shields
showui in the exhibit is very fine and many
of them would make fine ornaments for wuill de¬
corations.
In pottery w’ork the artisans of India are the
best in the world. The fancy pottery showui is
from Multan, Delhi, Bombay, Sindh, Madras.
Khurja, Azimghur, and Chunar, the painted
pottery is from Bicaneer and Kota and the gilt
PHOTOGRAPH SHOWING A PORTION OF S. J. TELLERY & CO.’S EAST INDIA EXHIBIT AT THE WORLD’S FAIR.
Kutch, Madras, Burmah, Poona and Kattack
wares, the finest produced in the world. The
metal wares, including brass and copper, are
from Jeypore, Benares, Tanjore, Bidar and
Lucknowu The Kashmir copper wuare to be
seen in the exhibit by Tellery & Co. is the
finest ever made and includes tea sets, can¬
dle sticks, photograph frames, tablets, jugs,
bowds, vases, and trays. The showung of brass
w^ork is very fine, and includes articles made for
almost every use imaginable. No country in
the world can compete with the Hindoos in
the manufacture of hand-wu’ought articles in
the base metals. Among the many interesting
things to be seen are idols and statuettes from
Muttra, Tirupati, Madura and Burmah.
In gold and silver w’ork are articles that are
Paintings on ivory are among the numerous
things to be seen in this class of work. These
include brooches and gentlemen’s shirt studs
and links, as well as plaques for the inlaying
of furniture.
In the marble, alabaster and stone work can
be seen specimens of carving that can not be
equaled by workmen of any other country in
the world. Specimens of work made from the
celebrated wdiite, black and colored marbles of
Rajputana, including idols, elephants, camels
and other'animals are to be seen and are exact
reproductions of the images used in the temples
all over the land. The model of the famous
Tajmahal exhibited is a perfect model, and a
marvelous piece of arc.
The exhibit of arms and weapons of different
pottery from Amroha and Lucknow.
As duplicates of everything can be furnished,
Mr. Tellery is disposing of large (piantities of
the wairk of Indian artisans. Articles niach'
from bison horn are showui in large (piantitii's.
These include card cases, trays, inkstands,
paper knives and carvi'd animals. The w’ork is
of a superior (piality aiid is very much admired
by the great throng of visitors which pass
through this exhibit daily.
From the day the East India exhibit wuis
opened to visitors up to the present time, there
has been no cessation of interest in the wonder¬
ful di.splay made by Mr. Tellery. Many homes
in Chicago and in other cities in this country
will be ornamented with articles purcluised
from this exhibit.
890
>U,rST.AT..:.. ■..ST.mV ok THK W0RL..-S coixmiuax exposition.
BRITISH GUIxVNA AT THE FAIR.
One of the most attractive and unique exhib¬
its at the Fair is that of British Guiana, in the
northwest corner of the Agricultural building.
Exhibits are also made by this country in the
Anthropological and Transportation buildings,
and on the shores of the southeast lagoon.
Much credit is due to the special commis¬
sioner, Mr. J. J. Quelch, for the tasteful ar¬
rangement of the exhibit in Agricultural build¬
ing. The pavilion is always crowded with vis¬
itors, who are enthusiastic in their praise.
The unique pavilion, formed of twenty-six
squared logs of different native woods, twenty
feet in length, and ranging from sixteen to
and yellow or straw crystals, to the dark molas¬
ses sugars. The total production of sugar is
on an average of 130,000 tons per annum, all
the latest appliances for the manufacture being
in common use throughout the various estates^
Rum and molasses, which are important articles
of export, are represented liy samples from t le
chief plantations. The gold industry, which
during the last nine years has made enormous
strides, is well illustrated by a series of gilt
models, showing the total output during each
year from 1884, when 2.')0 ounces were exported,
to 1892, when 130,000 ounces were recorded.
A series of nuggets, samples of the auriferous
placer-earths, and various gold-bearing quartz
specimens, and country rocks, serve to show the
be applied. The color and degree of polish of
which these woods are capable are well show
by those exhibited, among which are crab-wood
wallaba, purple-heart, hoobooballi, kretti, duk *
laballi, hiawaballi, siniarupa, letterwood, arri*
souroo and euriballi,
A very fine assortment of art-needlework b
the Portuguese colonists of Guiana, of feather
work in fans and flowers, of fish-scale and fibre
work and of ornamental inlaid work in work
boxes and tables, illustrate some of the nianu
factured productions, while a large series of
photographs of people and places, and water-
color sketches of the scenery of the little,
known interior, gives an idea of the physical
asx^ects of Guiana.
PHOTOGRAPH OF THE BRITISH GUIANA
EXHIBIT IN AGRICULTURAL BUILDING
AT THE WORLD'S FAIR.
thirty inches in width, at once attracts attention
to the space, where the entire wall at the back
is covered with panels of twenty-seven different
woods, worked up and polished to illustrate
their special adaptability to all kinds of orna¬
mental and decorative work, furniture, jiianos,
musical instruments, railway cars, etc.
The exhibits cover the whole range of the
production and capabilities of the country, the
various articles of export such as sugar, rum,
molasses, timber, gold, shingles, cocoa-nuts,
ballata (a variety of gutta percha.) charcoal,
cocao and fish-glne lu'ing especially noticed.
The chief staple of the country, cane sugar,
is represented by forty-four samples, from the
highest grades of white, vacuum-pan crystals
nature and richness of the district, to which
special attention is being at the present directed,
owing to the discovery of peculiarly rich
(piartz veins on which work has recently been
begun.
The timbm-s of Guiana deservedly attract at¬
tention. Move than 107 varieties of useful
woods are exhibited, either in the form of rough
logs, vorked up panels, hand specimens or
small museum samples. Greenheart and mora,
two of Lloyd's first-class woods of the world
for shipbuilding, are sufficiently well-known;
but the primeval forests of Guiana are storeil
with enormous quantities of other eipially
important woods, applicable for all purposes
to which hardwoods and lighter varieties can
A large variety of fibres, many of them of
enormous length of strand, are shown, to illus¬
trate this special product of the country.
There is also a fine exhibit of the medicinal
barks, gums, rubbers, balsams and oils, together
with starches, jireserved fruits, bitters, syrups,
and many other articles.
A special exhibit is made of native-grown
rice, in husk and straw, of cacao and tobacco, for
the growth of all of which the country is pecu¬
liarly adapted. The natural history of the dis¬
trict is brought into iDrominence by a large
collection of prepared skins of the more beauti¬
ful birds and animals, many of which are
mounted in a picturesque manner to enhance
the attractiveness of the exhibit.
w ••
y;
COPyAfGHTtO av J.m.CAMPBUL tgf>S
PHOTOGKAPH OF DISPLAY OF ANIMALS NATIVE TO BRITISH GUIANA IN EXHIBIT MADE BY THAT COUNTRY IN THE AGRICULTURAL BUILDING.
im
CAMPIJELl/S IlJ.rSTlUTEI) IllSTOEY OF THE WORLirS COLUMBIAX EXPOSITION.
ARTFE LEFFLER.
Mr. Artur Leffler. Royal Swedish
(Commissioner for \V orld's Columbian
Exposition, was Ixuai March 20,1854.
Hejjassed examination as mechani¬
cal eiiijineer at the Technolot^ical
University of Stockholm in 1874.
Since then he has been employed at
different manufactories at home and
abroad in thecapacity of draum-htsman,
contractor and master mechanic.
In 1801 Mr. Leffler was char^md
with the niana<>;ement of a very im¬
portant exhil)ition at C-othenbur«’,
Sweden. This difficult task he ac-
(•(unplished so satisfactorily that the
,u^overnment fippointi'd him (Chief Sec¬
retary and Commissioner General for
file Swedish section of the M'orld’s
Fair in Chicai^’o.
Mr. Leffler worked energetically to
make Sweden’s exhibit among the
finest at the Exposition.
ROSENDO FERNANDEZ.
Roseiido Fernandez, vSpecial Dele¬
gate of the Chamber of Commerce of
Habana, (Cuba, to the World's Fair,
was born at Luarca (Asturies), Spain.
In 1872 he went to Cuba, where he is
connected with one of the most dis¬
tinguished families.
He is at the head of a very import¬
ant industry and is a member of the
Chamber of Commeire of Habana.
He is cdso president of a section of the
Asturian society, one of the most im¬
portant organizations in Cuba.
^ C iiba desir('d to make a fine show-
ing in the Si)aid.sh section at the Ex-
])osition,^andiu()rdcrto dososelected
Seiu)!' hernamh'z to represent that
])ioviuce in the Spanish (Commission
A tt(
J. J. QUELCH,
SPECIAL COMMISSIONER FROM BRITISH GUIANA TO THE WORLO’s
FAIR
friends ill the city by\is”,Ienb
bearing and business qiialiticgr’^''
Babiuia's Clmmber of o* '
made a wise selection wliei,
trusted toSenor Fernandez tl ed,lf'
made use of every
('riiinent, ^ command to make a good showiiip;
''IIUTIIL, -Pi’ • OIJVJW
“.... “ ™>- .. in
MR. J. ,T, QUiiLCH.
Mr. J. J. Quel<.|,, Special Co,,,
missioiier appointed by the Gov„ '
lip of British Giibiia 77,
W orid s Coliuiibnin Exposition
well known ,,, scientifie circles’I
benii; the aiiU.or of^ the volume oj
^ Reef-corals in the miportniit series
issued by the Lords’ ConuihssioiieCC
of the Ireasiiry, on the “Scieiitifir
by H. jM. S. Challenger.
Educated at New College, East
bourne, and University College Lim
don, Mr. (^nelch graduated in science
at the University of London, with
special honors thronghoiit his course
and by the breadth of his scientific
training had thoroughly fitted him.
self for the many-sided position
which he occupied. Formerly
lecliirer on Natural ISnneiices at New
College, Eastbourne, and then suc¬
cessively assistant and demonstrator
in Comparative Anatomy andZoology
to ^ ^University College, London,
(1881-2) and Zoological assistant on
the science staff of the British
Museum, (Civil Service of England
1882-6) he was appointed curator in
charge of the British Guiana
Museum in 1886, which iiosition lie
still holds.
Ill 1887 Mr. (^)uelch was ajipointed
editor of Timchri, the scientific jour¬
nal of Guiana, and to this, as well as to various
other journals and papers, ho has contribntad
ninnerons^ artiides of technical and general
scientific interest.
bmAUK. KOSEXDO FERWvnpv
ARTUR LEFFLER.
royal COMMI.SSIONER prom .SWEDEN TO THE WORLD's F.O F
398
CAMPBELL’S ILLUSTBATED HISTOKY OF THE WORLD’S COLILHBIAX EXPOSITION.
SWEDEN AT THE EXPOSITION.
Aiiion.u’ tlie foreign buildings that of Sweden
was one of the handsomest on the groniids and
cost, S40,U00. It was constructed and put up
in Sweden, then removed in sections to the Ex¬
position grounds. The main exhibition hall was
(35 feet across, the entire area of the floor was
11,000 square feet and above were galleries
running around the building.
The design was after the style of Swedish
churches of the sixteeidh century. The lower
part of the outside wall of the building was of
modern l)riek, terra cotta and cement work
from the prominent manufacturers of Sweden;
the remainder of building was of wood covered
with shingles after the the old Swedish fashion.
canoes and yachts.
In the Agricultural building were 28 exhibit-
ers of rye, clover seeds, pastry, confections, pre¬
served craw flsh tails, herring, anchovy, fish
balls, pudding, sauces, cream and ])utter extract,
extract of cheese, milk separators, cheese, milk
cans, frames, and strainers, cocoa, mustard,
punch, vinegar, harvest machines, scythes,
guano and fodder.
In Mines and Mining building were 34 ex-
hibiters of rock and fossil sections, polished iron
ore, granite slabs, urns, columns, pedestals and
monuments, porphyry, mar])le, feldspar, cement
and tiles, pig iron, furnace slag, shot, wire, steel,
ingots and billets of Martin and Bessemer steel,
bar and sheet iron, with maps and models of
mines.
stucco work, mosaic work, painteil porcelain,
brick and terra cotta articdt's, granite monu¬
ments and ornaments, glassware for cluunists
and table, silver ware and toilet articles, silver
jewels, watches, clocks ami chronometers, silk
goods, linen table covers, yarns, etc.; laces and
embroidery and great variety of other goods.
Sweden made special exhibits in the Forestry
building, while the Swedish women's exhibit in
the ^Voman's building was V('ry large, and
showed the industries of tlu' women of that
country and their work.
In the Fim' Arts department Sweden occu-
l^ied space in the west section, in which was
shown a flue display of statuary, paintings,
etchings.water colors, etc. 4’here were eighteini
groups of statuary, the work of ihe best sculp-
THE BUILDING ERECTED BY SWEDEN AT THE
WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
Tlu' pavilion inside was painted in light
colors and artistically decorated with flags,
bunting, coats of arms and crests. Every inch
of space was occupied with interesting exhibits,
such as manufactured products of iron, china
goods, glass goods, gold and silver ware, wood
pulp products, suites of furniture, fine draperies
artistic, useful and beautiful.
Some ])i'‘tures cjf Swedish scenery, and
of Stockholm, with its famous royal castle, and a
snlendid executed bust of Hustavus Ad(jlphus,
were shown. The school system of Sweden w’as
fully illustrated, the embroidery and needle
work displays especially attracted the lady visit¬
ors. The outdoor sports of Sweden were illus¬
trated by showing snow-shoes, skates, sleighs
In Machinery building were eight exhibiters
showing rolled pipe iron fittings, steam turbines,
worsted working machines, cask making ma¬
chines, lathes for amateurs and watchmakers,
printing machines.
In Transportation department were 18 ex-
hitriters showing castings for railway equip¬
ment, historical railway exhibit, locomotive
wheels, car springs and wheels, railway axles
and tires, skates, sledges and toboggans, anchors,
chains, models of boats, light house api)aratus.
In Alanufactures building were 224 exhibit¬
ers showing matches and mantels, chalk, chenust
and druggists wares and supplies, inks, sanqfles
of printing,ruling and typesetting, bound books,
paper, picture frames, furniture, plaster and
tors of the c‘ountry. The artists in oil were
represented by 125 paintings. 4.4iere w’ere four¬
teen exhibits of water colors, and t wamly-niiu'of
engraving, etchings, pastels, chalk, (diartoal and
other drawdngs, Ix'sides enameh'd work.
Air. Arthur Leiler, royal eommissiomnn Mr.
Axel AVelin, secretary; Air. Tom Bergeiidal,
special commissioner for manufacturers; Ali',
Carl Dellwik, super!ntmident Bwedi.sh section
Alachinery Hall; Mr. liolx'rt Lindbloni, rt'sidmd
comnussioner; Baron Nils Possi', special com-
missioiu'r for tourist (h'partuuud ; Air. Victor
E. Rhodin, official comnu'rcial ri'presentative;
Air. Gust AA'ickman, architect; Air. Anders L.
.Zorn, special commissioner of Fine xVrts; Mr.
Erik Lumhpdst, assistant private secretary.
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OAMPBELI/S ILLUSTKATEI) HISTORY OF THE WORLD'S COLFRIUAX EXPOSITION.
WISCONSIN AT THE EXPOSITION.
Anion^ the noi’tliwestern states .none took a
more prominent part in the World's Fair than
tlie “Badg-er State,” Wisconsin. Her interest
never lat^ged from the inception to the close of
the great Exposition. The state showed the
ini 2 )ortance it attached to the enterprise by
erecting one of the most solid and substantial
buildings among the many states.
The buildiu g was a combination of several
styles of architecture and was a very handsome
sample of a first-class Wisconsin home. The
material brought from that state, consisted
of Ashland brown stone, Menomonee pressed
brick and hard woods from various 2 )arts of the
stat('. There were commodious verandas acro&s
the entire front, wdth smaller circular verandas
on each end with entrance from the interior.
grounds which w’as as free to the public as this
one. Not only residents of that state made it
their headquarters, but those from almost every
section of the union came and went, tilled ai)-
pointments to meet friends and made themselves
generally at home. As everybody was welcomed
and the latch-string alwvays hung out, it was a
po 2 )ular resort.
The state made an aj^i^i’opriation of $165,000
for Ex 2 :)osition puiqioses. Of this amount $58,-
000 w’as ex 2 )ended on the building. The 2 )a-
vilion and exhibit in the Agricultural de 2 )artment
used up $26,000. This exhibit was one of the
most cons 2 )icious and interesting to the farmer
of any made in the department. The same
l^ermanency in the construction and material
of this j>avilion was noted as in its building.
The state forged to the fore in its mining dis-
l)lay. Besides showino- the vast iron, lead.
u. o.
. ^ commission in the Pish
eries buiklu,.!., \\ isconsiii l,a<l the lard ,
Kuest aquarium at the Exposition, whio/“‘‘
elude,1 almost every variety of fresh., vale,.fid
known in the nortluvest, raiiniinr ,i, “f"
est brook trout to the huse entfisi, ,,1?“ '
bass, caiq3, ^dke and many others TIia ^ ^
cost the state $13,000. '
Tlie educational exhibit shown in the Liberal
Arts department cost $1,800, while $->50
expended in makiui? a display of relics 'Z
antniuities in the AnthropoloKieal bnildi,;,, J
sides many private exhibits, and S600 in a ( 1 !
play of woman's work in Hie Woman’s bi,i|cli„„'
Members of National Commission fro,,, tbk
state were: Phillips Allen, .Tr., Minei-al Point-
.lohn N. Coburn, West Salem. Alternate^.’
David W. Curtis, Fort Atkinson; Myron Eeed
Superior. These geiitlemeii were active in their
Cl ATE BUILDING AT THE EXPOSITION.
akso vei-andas on fhe fr-nnt f,-om the second and
third stories.
The entire interior was tinished with hard
wood oiled, in ceiling and panels, no flimsy
material being used anywhere.
(hi the flrst floor were large reception rooms
paWors, toilet rooms, intelligence olRce and post
On the second floor was the historical room
and various ofliees used by the commissioners,
llu' hand.^ome stained glass window presented
by the citizens of AYcst Superior, which was
placed 111 the Imildiiig, was much admired, as
were the elegant mantels in pressed brick.
The third floor contained eight large bed
rooms for the use of commissioners and em¬
ployes.
Thei-e was no bnilding on the Exposition
copper, z.„e and building stone prod,
exhibit of pearls found b, (he sonthwes
of the state, in the clam shells picke
hshenuen and others along the strea
Imp and e.xceedingly valuable. The
an, exybit 111 this department cost 320
In the Horticultnral department 83
o. xpendu u, showing its fr„it products’
bl«) m the reproductiou „£ a cranberr,
111 the nursery exhibit.
. building $3,400 was c’
10 aliopug what the state could pi-od,,,.;
37->00 , "■■‘1 ehecse
p, -00 was invested in a display of
noihicls. .11 the Forest.-y department, w
eluded over one hundred varieties of
and oriiainental woods.
Next to the exhibit of live fi.,],
labors on behalf of the Exj^iositiou.
National Board of Lady Alaiiagers: Mrs.
Flora B. Ginty, Chippewa Falls; Mrs. William
P. Lyiide, Alilwaukee. Alternates: Mrs. S. 8.
Fifield, Ashland; Airs. J. AI. iSmith, Alineral
Point.
Alembers of the M^isconsin State Board of
Commissioners were: A. .Ledyard Smith, Ajj-
pleton, president; Hugh. H. Price, Black River
Falls, vice president; Chas. lY. Graves, Abro(]na,
secretary; John H. Savage, Shnltsbnrg,treasiier;
Robert B. Kirkland, Jefferson Executive Com¬
missioner; Philliijs Allen, Jr., Alineral Point;
Airs. John M inans, Jaiiesv.ille; Harry B. Sand¬
erson, Alilwaukee; Airs. Geo. C. Ginty, Chippewa
Falls; Airs. IVilliam Pitt Lyiide, Alilwaukee;
John AI. Coburn, AYest Salem; AA^'iHiam Rahr,
Alanitow'oc.
CAMI LELLS ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE WORLD'S OOLTLMBTAX EXPOSITTOX.
FRUIT EXHIBIT MADE BY WISCONSIN IN THE
HORTICULTURAL DEPARTMENT, WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
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PAVILION AND EXHIBIT OF WISCONSIN IN THE AGRICULTURAL DEPARTMENT, WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
89}{ CAMPBELL’S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE WORLD’S COLLLAIBIAX EXPOSITIOX.
VIRGINIA AT THE EXPOSITION. two colonades running back from the wings,
Aleinbers of the State Board of Commissioners
from Virginia were: A. S. Buford, president,
Richmond; John L. Hurt, vice president. Hurt’s
Store; T. C. Morton, secretary, Richmond; M.
S. Quarles, treasurer, Richmond; John S. Apper-
son, executive commissioner, Richmond; Dr. A,
Brockenbrough, Chespeake; M. Glennan, Nor¬
folk; Geo. B. Finch. Boydton; W. I. Jordan,
South Boston; J. N. Brenamann, New Market;
Greenville Gaines, Warrenton;Martin Williams,
Bland 0. H.; J. H. H. Figgatt, Fincastle; Mrs.
Lucy P. Beale, Buchanan; Mrs. J. Leigh,
Norfolk.
National Board Lady Managers: Mrs. John
S. Wise, Richmond; Mrs. K. S. G. Paul, Harris-
these were 20 feet long, 9^ feet wide, 11 feet
high, connecting with two one-and a half story
structures 40x20 feet in size, called the depend¬
ences.
The entire building contained twenty-five
rooms, the first and second floors contained
eleven rooms each, attic six and the two depend¬
ences four rooms each.
The banquet room was Jlx23 feet, library
10x19. Washington’s chamber on second floor,
in which he died; and Mrs. Washington’s room
in the attic.
A large stairway ascending by platforms to
the floor above on first landing was the old
Washington family clock, a very interesting
historical relic.
cultural exhibit, $300; Mineral, $700; Forestry
$175.
Ill Agricultural building were forty-seven ex-
hibiters from Virginia, showing, wheat, corn
oats, hay, peanuts, pease, vegetables and tobacco!
In Mines and Mining building there were
forty-six exhibiters, making a display of man¬
ganese ore, barytes, gold quartz and pyrites, iron
ore, needle ore, zinz, lead, coal, coke, granite
marble, onyx, soapstone, sandstone, fire day!
asbestos, gypsym, limestone, mineral waters'
sulphuric acid, ochres, alum, mineral paint stone
pig, metal and tin ore.
In Forestry building a collection of native
woods were shown in eight separate exhibits
each sample representing timber of utility in
manufacturing.
VIRGINIA STATE BUILDING AT THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION,
onburg; alternates; Miss Mattie P. Harris
Staunton; Mrs. M. Harrison, Westover.
□ National Commission: V. D. Groner, Norfolk;
John I. Harris, Harrisonburg; alternates: C. A.
Heimans, Chiistiansburg; Alexander McDonald,
Lynchburg,
I he 4 irginia state building occupied an area
of 17oxl85 feet. It was in exact immitation of
the Mount Vernon mansion where Washington
Iiv(‘d and died.
The main building was 94x32 feet in size, two
stories and attic high with large columns ex¬
tending along the entire front. The portico
extended to the cornice of the roof, with an
ornamental railing around the top. There were
The various rooms contained antique sofas,
handsome mantels, carved wood trimmings, and
furniture in style of the last century, all collect¬
ed from old Virginia families, and were heir¬
looms handed down from the days of Wash¬
ington.
^ The library was full of books written by
Tirginians and the different rooms contained
many interesting relics of the colonial times.
Nellie Custis music room with its old style
harpsichord and antique furniture was very in¬
teresting.
Appropriation from Virginia was $25,000 to
this amount was added $8,000, by private sub¬
scriptions. The building cost $20,000, the A(>-ri-
MASSACHUSETTS AT THE EXPOSITION.
The Massachusetts building was in imitation
of the old John Hancock residence, which until
the year 1807, was one of the landmarks of
Beacon Hill, Boston, near the state capitol. It
was three stories in height, surmounted by a
cupola.
The exterior of building was of staff in imita¬
tion of cut granite and was sufficiently accurate
reproduction of the old mansion to be readily
lecognized. Like the original it was surrounded
by a ter race and had in front and on one side a
fore court filled with old fashioned flowers and
foliage in keeping v/ith the character of the
CAMrr>ELT;S ILLCSTRATPA) history of the WORLirS OOLE.MIHAX EXPOSITLOXT
building. The building was ajjjjroaclied by two
flights of steps and the main entrance opened
to a spacious hallway with tiled floor.
Facing the entrance was a broad colonial stair¬
way to second floor; an old fashioned bulls-eye
window gave light to the stairway.
On the main floor was the registration room,
post office and reception room; the fittings and
furnishings were unique, having marble floor,
tiled walls, uncovered beams and high mantels
such as were quite common in that state fifty
years ago. Two large parlors opened together
and formed an assembly room 25x80 feet in
size. One of these parlors, was furnished by
the Essex institute of Salem, an old historical
society.
leaf tobacco.
In Mines and Mining building were eighty-
six exhibiters showing, ores and gems in the
rough fossils, iron, pyrites, calamite, leinonite,
crystals, amazonstoi\e, orthoelare, muscovite,
garnet, zoisite, chalcopyrite, hematite, rhodonite,
prehnite, tourmaline, granite, emery, graphite,
and copper.
The following named parties were members
of the State Board of World's Fair managers;
Glen. Francis A. AValker, chairman, Boston;
Mrs. Alice Freeman Palmer, Cambridge; ISIiss
Anna L. Dawes, Pittsfield; Hon. Edward Bur¬
nett, Southboro; E. O. Harvey, secretary and
executive commissioner, Brookline.
National Board Lady Managers; Mrs. Jones
mantels, finishing woods and a large quantity
of the material used was donated by Ohio
citizens.
From the lobby were entrances to ladies’
parlor and committee rooms. The central por¬
tion of the building had a reception hall 23x36
feet with high ceiling.
Back of the reception hall was an oixm court,
36 feet square, inclosed on three sides, the north
and south sides being formed by the wings of
the building. The north wing was occupied as
information bureau, size 30x50 feet, divided
into offices by wire railings.
The south wing contaim d parlor, writing,
smoking and toilet rooms. The second floor
had assembly room, press correspondents, ser-
MASSACHUSETTS STATE BUILDING
AT THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
The second floor had the parlors and two bed
rooms, occupied by the M omaiTs Board and on
the third floor were rooms for servants. The
conventional liberty pole 85 feet high stood in
the front court and a gilded codfish served as a
vase on top of the cupola.
The state appropriated $175,000, distributed
as follows; Building, $44,000; Agricultural ex¬
hibit, $5,000; Mineral, $2,500; Horticultural,
$2,000; Forestry, $500; Educational exhibt, $45,-
000; Miscellaneous, $15,000.
In the Agricultural building the state was re¬
presented by eighty-nine exhibiters showing,
corn, wheat, oats, buckwheat, grasses, barley,
rye, maple sugar, potatoes, onions, beans and
H. French, Boston; Mrs. Rufus S. Frost, Chel¬
sea; alternates; Mrs. Mary Crease Sears, Boston;
Mrs. A. F. Palmer, Cambridge.
National Commission; Francis W. Breed,
Lysen; Thos. E. Proctor, Boston; alternates;
Geo. P. Ladd, Spencer; Charles E. Adams,
Lowell.
OHIO AT THE EXPOSITION.
The Ohio building occupied a ground area
of 100x80 feet,colonial in style, two stories high,
made of wood and staff with tile roof. Eight
large columns in front supported a semi-circular
colonial portico 33 feet high, the tile roof.
vants’ rooms aiid bed and bath rooms.
The state appropriation was $154,000, private
subscriptions, $35,000, and was partially dis¬
tributed as follows; Building, $35,000; Agri¬
cultural exhibit, $14,000; Mineral exhibit,
$15,000; Horticultural exl.'ibit, $1,000; Wool
exhibit, $2,000; Forestry exhibit, $3,000; Fish¬
eries exhibit, $5,500; Livestock exhibit,$4,000;
Anthropological exhibit,$5,5{X); M"oman’s,$800.
In the Agricultural building Ohio was repre¬
sented by 185 ditferent exhibiters, showing
wheat, corn, oats, grass seed, vegetable seeds,
tobacco and wool.
Mining building contained a large display of
salt, showing i)rocess of manufacture, coal,
400
CA^rPliKLL’S ILLTISTRATEI) HISTORY OF THE ANORLDS COLl MIUAA EXPOSIIIOX.
buildiiii^ stone, etc.
In Forestry buildin.!,^ were twenty-six ex-
hibiters who made a tine display of native
woods, sncli as paw paw, mapk*, eldei, etc.
The imnnbers of tlu^. Ohio l^tate Hoaid of
Commissioners W('r(': • Peabody, piesi-
dent, Cincinnati; Charles AI. Anderson, vice-
president, Greenville; \V . T. Alberson, secretaiy,
Colmnlms; Daniel J. Ryan, executive com¬
missioner, Columbus; Albert Schwill, Cincin¬
nati; James W. See, Hamilton; Charles Al.
Harding, Franklin; David Hall, Bloom Center;
A. O. Join's, Zaiu'sville; A. C. Cummins, Alans-
lield; AVilliam E, Sefton, Canton; L. E. Holden,
Ch'veland; William Edwards, Cleveland; IT. G.
Baker, Deliance; P. AT. Cullinaii, Kew Lexing¬
ton; Harvey P. Platt, Toledo; illiam Ritchie,
unity of variety, in the various branches of ob¬
tainable information.
The educational exhibits as shown by almost
every state in the country as well as by every
prominent private school, colle.^e and university
in the land was of great interest; the various
religious organizations were also represented
with their publications showing the origin,
nature, growth and extent of their faith.
Statiscal, historical and other illustrations.
Religious music, choirs and hymiiology, mis¬
sionary societies, missions and work, bible so¬
cieties, tract societies and their publications.
Systems and methods of religious training for
the young. Associations for religious or moial
imjirovement. Charities and charitable associ¬
ations connected with ecclesiastical societies.
New Jerusalem church of America, show’
church work; Norwegian FvangelicarLutlierau
church of America, publications; Presbyterian
church ill the United States was assigned space
but did not open exhibit on account of Sunday
opening; Seventh Day Baptist denomination
books, papers, photographs, etc.; Scx-iety Apos-
tlesliip of prayer, Philadelphia exhibit of the
society's work; Unitarian Church in the United
States, books, charts, maps, etc.; Ignited Society
of Christian Eudeaviir, developmemt and pro.
gress; Universal Peace Union, Washington,
books, arbitration rules, portraits, etc.; Yoiino-
Alen's Christian Association, a full exhibit of
their work.
American Bible society. New York, showino-
bibles and testaments in almost every language;
BUILDING AT THE WORLD’S COLUxMBIAX EXPOSITION.
OHIO STATE
Airs. Alary Hart, Airs. Walter Hartpence.
National Board Lady Alanagers: Airs. Alary
A. Hart, Gh'iulale; Airs. AValter Hartpence,
Harrison; alternati's: Airs. Harriett T. Upton,
Airs. Asa S. Bushnell.
National C'ommission: Harvey P. Platt,
Toledo; William Ritchie. Hamilton; alternates:
Lucius C. Cron, Adolph Pluemer.
RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS AT THE
EXPOSITION.
The Liberal Arts de^iartmeut of the Exposi¬
tion was a grt'at educational institution in itself,
but it was at tlu' sanu' time a comprehensive
xAinong the religious organizations and societies
were the following:
Concordia Publishing House, Chicago, show¬
ing publications of the Lutheran church and
Sunday school supplies; Congregational denom¬
ination in America, church work and progress;
Lutheran church of America, showing church
development; Alethodist Book Concern, show¬
ing ;U)00 volumes distinct pulilications, Iiooks
and papers; Alethodist Episcopal church, pub¬
lications showing development and progress,
relics,portraits, etc.;National Christian associa¬
tion, publications, drawings, etc.; National
Temperence Society and Publication House
New York, books, pamphlets, tracts and charts.
American Catholic Historical society. Phi ^
delphia, historical documents and relics; Amei
ican Humane associaticm, Chicago, work of t le
society in preventing cruelty to animals am
children; American Peace society, Boston,boo'S,
treatise, diagrams, etc.; American Tract socie
New York, evangelical publications, inethot s o
gospel work, etc.; society founded in 1825, ^
the gospels in 150 languages; issues ^ Rj
books and tracts and 7 periodicals, has ciicu fl¬
ed 15,764,165, volumes; Church of Christ (dis¬
ciples), books showing development
gress; Church of the United Brethren in m*’ _
in the world, exhibit showing development
progress.
CAMPBELL’S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE WORLD’S COLniBIAX EXPOSITIOX.
LOT
OHIO AT THE FAIR.
Ohio keeps up her reputation as one of the
leading states in the union by the active part
she takes in the World’s Fair. In every de¬
partment in the Exposition the state has an
exhibit of some kind. Her building is one of
the leading state structures in the north end of
the grounds and is surrounded by a beautiful
lawn.
In the Mining department the state has an
excellent showing of the mineral resources in a
beautiful little pavilion erected in the north
end of the building. In the Horticultural de¬
partment her fruit display attracts much atten¬
tion; but it is in the Agricultural building that
she makes the best showing. Here can be seen
a pavilion tilled with an exhibit of the j^i’oducts
a very tasty one, with a pagoda in the center
made of corn. Almost the entire exhibit of
grains is made in glass jars, which are arranged
in an artictic manner. The pavilion is in the
east end of the building, and while the display
lacks that architectural feature so prevalent
among the other states, it shows the products of
the state in an excellent manner.
SOUTH AFRICA IN THE AGRICUL¬
TURAL . BUILDING.
In the east end of the Agricultural building
is an exhibit from Cape Colony, South Africa.
The display contains a varied and interesting
showing of the products of that country. Wool
and tobacco are among the principal exhibits,
especially the wool of the Angora sheep. A
COLORADO IN THE MINING BUILDING.
In the west gallery of the Mining building
can be seen a very unique and handsome piece
of worli. It represents the figure of a woman,
crowned as a queen, sitting in a boat, the whole
covered with a canopy. On each side is a cher-
ubin, one holding a golden horn from which
flows a stream of silver; the other a silver horn
from which a stream of gold is flowing. The
figure of the woman and boat are both flnished
in imitation of silver.
This exhibit is a part of the showing made
in this department by Colorado and is expres¬
sive of their loyalty to the white metal. On a
banner in front of the exhibit is inscribed the
following lines by Isabel ISherriek Werdell:
PHOTOGRAPH OF OHIO’S PAVILION IN THE AGRICULTURAL BUILDING, WORLD S COLUMBIAN EXPOSlTlOiM.
of the state that it can well feel proud of. In
the construction of the pavilion hollow glass
columns have been used, each of them filled
with ditferent kinds of grain. The whole ar¬
rangement is exceeding artistic and attractive.
In the decoration of the pavilion the same
cereal features can be seen that are so prevalent
in the Agricultural department among all the
states. Tobacco also occupies a conspicuous
place in the exhibits as one of the state’s
products.
INDIANA’S GRAIN EXHIBIT.
In the pavilion erected in the Agricultural
building by Indiana no attempt has been made
at decoration as in many others. The booth is
case of birds of beautiful plumage makes an
attractive feature in the display while another
of ostrich eggs is shown.
The display of ostrich plumes is one of the
finest made at the Fair, and is made more at¬
tractive by a pair of stuffed birds which show
the feathers before they are x^lucked. The
floor and sides of several displays are covered
with skins of animals native to the country.
There is also a large showing made of the dif¬
ferent kinds of woods and dye stuffs for which
the country is so noted.
The exhibit of ivory includes several large
elephant tusks and many articles made from
this great article of commerce. The exhibit
also contains a display of grains of a superior
quality.
Go, radiont one. and tell thy world
The wonders yon have seen ;
The snow crowned mounts, tlu' silvi'r hills,
The valleys rich between.
In silence eloquent, oh speak.
Thou lovely Silver Queen.
Go, p;racious one, and show the world
Our dif^nity of state;
Our hearts so true and miners bold,
Who wrest the crown from fat(‘.
Go, noble queen, and show the world
Thou art the Gold King's mate.
Go, queenly one, and lift thy hand
Against the base and mean ;
Thy silver star points to the right;
No wrong can stand between.
Uiion thy throne proclaim to all
That silver still is queen.
Go, lovely one, and take thy place
Beside the King of Gold ;
ColumV)ia's (jueen as once thou wert
Ere thy birthright was sold.
Go with thy gems and silver on
O, queen of noblest mold.
PHOTOGRAPH OF INTKRIOR OF MINING BUILDING,
SHOWING THF ARRANGEMENT OP EXHIBITS
FROM NEW SOUTH WALES AND OTHER COUNTRIES.
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PHOTOGRAPH OF INTERIOR OP MINING BUILDING, SHOWING PENNSYLVANIA COAL EXHIBIT AND OTHER ATTRACTIA E EXHIBITS I2S THE BUILDING
WINDMILL EXHIBIT, SOUTH OF STOnir d a attt
M il I FXTTTRT-r COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
WIND MILL EXHIBIT
An exhibit of interest to farmers and stock
raisers is that of wind-mills. These useful
articles of farm machinery can be seen in
all sizes, kinds and makes just south of the Ag¬
ricultural hnildmg. There are about thirty or
forty different styles and varieties, ranging
from a minature to huge constructions with
use the most of its productions in building them
Every product of both states enters into
IS given a prominent place in both. Over the
P**"*'™ are the words:
IN ToisAiro.H
SOUTH DAKOTA.
In the central section of the Agri
building South Dakota has erected a ha
pavilion. The outside of the structure :
of the different grains, with specimens c
in their natural state, for supports. ’■
terior contains an extensive exhibit of tl
resources of that enterprising young stal
dOI
(!AMI>l{ELi;S IbLrSTR.VTKI) HISTORY OF THE WORLD’S COLILMBIAN EXPOSITION.
SOME FEATURES IN AGRICULTTTff at
BUILDING.
In the southeast section of Agricultural builrt
mg may be seen many artistic state exliih:
The state of Washington has one of the l-,r. *
and finest booths, in which she makes a slioT'
of her products. In close proximity is that f
Oregon. A unique feature in this exhibit i
the grains cut and preserved in their natural
state. The stocks of wheat, rye, oats and barlev
are from three to seven feet in height and half
an inch thick.
Louisiana s exhibit is in three sections. One
contains^ the sugar products, one the rice and
one a miscellaneous. The section of the booth
devoted to the rice exhibit is a wonderful piece
of archetecture, with alligator and sea-seruuni
1 . • Mdl t
decorations.
Across the aisle from this exhibit is that of
the Orange Free states of South Africa. In an
artistically arranged booth is seen an exhibit of
grains, rough diamonds, wood and fruits. The
tanned leather industry is also given a promin-
ent position.
A UNIQUE EXHIBIT.
In the British section of the Agricultural
building is an exhibit that will at once attract
the attention of the visitor. It is a reproduc¬
tion of one of the famous round towers, of Ire¬
land, the entire tower being made of bottles of
whiskey.
The exhibit is the work of a Dublin distillery
and the tower contains 1,200 bottles of the very
best liquor produced by the company.
great fans twenty and thirty feet long. The
accompanying illustration shows the exhibit in
detail.
OHIO AND KENTUCKY.
The states of Ohio and Kentucky are neigh¬
bors in the Agricultural building, the same as
in their natural position. Both have erected
handsome pavilions in which there seems to
be a friendly rivalry as to which state should
CAMPBELL’S ILLtSTRATED HISTORY OF THE WORLD’S COLU3IBIAX EXPOSITION.
TOT)
PLUCKY LITTLE TRINIDAD.
By looking at the map of South America,
the reader will find a little island off the coast
of Venezuela, near the mouth of the Orinoco
river. This island has an area of about 1,700
square miles, and a population of 250,000, and
is one of the group that forms the West Indies.
The name of the small body of land is Trinidad.
Although small in dimensions, this little
country has a superabundance of pluck and
enterprise. Those who doubt this statement
should visit the World’s Fair and see the varied
and complete exhibit, made in the different de-
inexhaustable. Last year over $500,000 worth
was shipped to New York. Rum, molasses and
coffee are three commercial products displayed.
The exhibit of the banana and its different
uses is interesting; meal, starch, dried and pre¬
served, and in many other ways it is made to
serve as a food product. Dye stuffs, spices,
cocoa nuts, tobacco, essential oils, fruits, ani¬
mals, birds and pottery are seen in profusion.
In this exhibit are also i^rivate exhibits. The
celebrated Angostura Bitters, shown by J. B.
Siegert & Co. Lange de Vertenil’s “Lave Arti-
ficielle,” Richard & Co’s “Cousine Mahoe,” a
vegetable cure for dyspepsia and liver complaint.
played by the little island has been with the
expectation of enlarging its trade with other
countries, and especially with this country. The
large number of visitors to be seen in and
around the exhibit proves the attractiveness of
it, and all who come are given any information
desired, by polite attendants.
A pure bred zebu bull and cow, bred in
Trinidad, are also among the exhibits, and can
be seen in the Live Stock department. These
are the sacred cattle of the Hindoos.
Besides the exhibit made in the Agricultural
building, Trinidad has a fine showing in the
Mines and Mining building, an exhibit of tr op
PHOTOGRAPH OF TRINIDAD’S EXHIBIT IN AGRICULTURAL BUILDING,
WORLD’S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
partments, of the products and resources of the
country.
The largest and most interesting display made
by Trinidad can be found in the northwest
section of the Agricultural building. Here is
shown the principal products of the country.
A full line of sugars and syrups from the native
cane show's one of its leading products and in¬
dustries. It also show^s an extensive exhibit of
the cocoa bean of commerce from wdiich choco¬
late is made. One of the chief products is that
of asphalt. This comes from the Pitch Lake
of La Brea, and is of volcanic origin. The sup¬
ply of this mineral production is practically
and a fine collection of photographs sent by Mr.
Felix Morin. An interesting feature of the ex¬
hibit is the chocolate made from the Trinidad
cocoa, w’hich is dispensed to visitors.
An exhibit of the fibre of the century plant
is made. This fibre is extensively used in
making ropes, hammocks, and other articles
requiring strength. The product of the leopard
grass, or agave plant, is also shown in abun¬
dance. As a whole the exhibit made by Trini¬
dad in the Agricultural building is one that
more fully show's the resources and ijroducts of
the country than some made by the largest
states on the continent. The enterprise dis-
ical plants in the Horticultural building, and a
fine dis^ffay of native hard w’oods, including the
l)alata,, 2 )urple heart, poui, locust and roble, in
tlie Forestry building.
To the entei’iu’ise of IMr. Harry Vincent, the
commissioner from Trinidad to the ExjKJsiticm,
is due the excellent exhibit made by tliis little
island. That gentleman has made his home
on this island for years, and has large interests
there. He has great faith in tlie future of
Trinidad from a commercial 2 )oint, and ex-
j)ects great results from the re])utation she
w'ill get 'by her fine exhibit at the World’s.
Columbian Exposition,
40(i
CAMl’l’-ELL'S
lUXSTRATEI. HISTORY OF THE WORLD’S COEUMHIAN EXI’OSITIOX,
MRS. MARIAN A. MULLIGAN,
LADY MANAGER FROM CHICAGO.
W. \V. Cliapniaii graduated at West Point lu
1837 and was distinguisbed for gallant service
at the battle of Buena Vista.
Mrs. Brayton was educated in New England.
In 1878 she married Hon. Ellery M. Brayton,
at that time collector of Internal Kevenue for
the district of South Carolina and moved to
Columbia, S. C., where she has since resided.
Mrs. Brayton has been an invalid for many
years, but is noted for her zeal and activity in
charitable and philanthropic work. She was
chosen vice president of the National Woild s
Fair board.
MBS. ABBY ANNA LOCKE STONE
Mrs. Stone was born in Calais, Maine, June
7th, 1848. While still a small child the family
moved to Buffalo, New York, where she re¬
ceived exceotional advantages for the education
that was to fit her for a teacher. At the Nor¬
mal school, Oswego, N. Y., she received instruc¬
tion in the principles and methods of Froebel
and Pestalozzi.
MRS. FRANCIS WELLES SHEPARD,
LADY MANAGER FROM ILLINOIS.
MARIAN A. MULLIGAN.
Marian A. Mulligan was born in Liverx)ool,
England, Si'ptember 14, 1841. At the age of
seven years she came to Chicago, where her
father established a large brass and copper
foundry, the first to be erected in the city.
She was a pupil in the Dearborn school, the
first public school in Chicago, and afterwards
al teuded St. Xavier's Academy. Her education
was comi)h'ted at jMi.ss Sarah J. Hales’Academy
ill Piiiladelpliia. In October 1859 .she married
Janu'S A. Mulligan, then a promising young
lawyer. Her husband lost his life in the late
civil war, after which she devoted herself to the
care and education of her daughters.
In 1890 Mrs. Mulligan was unanimously
nominated by the democratic party for supenn-
tmident of schools. AVhen the World’s Fair
was talked of Mayor Cregier appointed Mrs.
Mulligan as one of the nine ladies selected to
represent Chicago in the great exhibition.
When the permanent organizations were formed,
])resident Palmer appointed her a member of
the Chicago Board of Lady Managers.
HELEN CHAPMAN BRAYTON.
Helen Chapman Brayton was born at Fort
Brown, Texas, Oct. 23, 1881. Her father Maj.
HELEN CHAPMAN BRAYTON,
LADY MANAGER FROM TEXAS.
MRS. ABBY ANNA LOCKE STONE,
LADY MANAGF.R FROM MASSACHUSETTS.
After several years as an exponent of these
systems o^ education in Indiana and Northamp¬
ton, Mass., she engaged in teaching in Clarke
Institution for the deaf. She was a pupil of
Dr. Alexander Graham Bell and was one of the
first graduates of the school in Boston which
demonstrated the “ Bellsy.stem of visible speech,”
serving for several years as Dr. Bell’s assistant.
As an alternate delegate-at-large of the Board
of Lady Managers of the World’s Columbian
Commission, from Massachusetts, she kept her¬
self informed of the iiroceedings of the board
through its published records and by personal
observation at Chicago, thus holding herself
ready for active service if required.
MRS. FRANCES 4VELLES SHEPARD.
Mrs. Shepard was born in Geneva, N. Y.,
June 8, 1849, and is the daughter of the late
Charles B. Stuart, the eminent civil engineer.
She was educated in Geneva and at Mrs.
Sylvanus Reed’s school in New York city, and
married Judge Shepard Aug. 5, 1868. Her
entire married life has been spent in Chicago.
Mrs. Shepard was appointed one of the lady
managers for the state of Illinois in pursuance
of an act of Congress, and by an act of the
Legislature of this state was, with her alternate,
named ex-officio member of the state board at
eight women to have charge and direction of
the exhibition of the work of the women in this
state in the Exx^osition,
She was chairman of the following commit¬
tees on state work: Organization of the State;
Fine Arts; Showcases in the Woman's Dejiart-
ment of the State building; also of the Recep¬
tion Room; and of the Library; of the Illinois
Woman's Hosjoital; of the Woman’s Pharmacy;
and of the catalogue of the work of Illinois
women.
MRS. CHARLOTTE DAILEY.
Mrs. Dailey was a member of the Board of
Lady Managers from Rhode Island to the
World’s Columbian Expiosition. Her ability as
an art critic was recognized by being ajixiointed
chairman of the committee of Fine Arts and
Paintings.
Besides being a member of the national board,
Mrs. Dailey was secretary and treasurer of the
Rhode Island state board and xa'esident of the
Woman’s Advisory board of the state. In these
several caiiacities she devoted a great deal of
her time to the interests of the Exposition. It
was through her influence tliat the women of
her state made an interesting exhibit at the
Fair.
MRS. CH.XRLOTTE DAILEY,
LADY MANAGER FROM RHODE ISLAND.
4^07
mLi;S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE WORLD'S OOLTHRIAX EXLOSITIOX.
MRS. FRAXO LUSE ALBRIGHT.
paralysis and she has for years managed their
business, buying machinery, building roads,
opening mines and attending to all details.
, Mrs. McAdow made a gallent fight for woman
sutfrage in Montana during the constitutional
convention of 1889. She has given generously
to further the cause of the enfranchisement of
women. ^
To her work as a member of the Board of Lady
Managers she brought all the experience gained
by a life of practical business; and was very
entiiusiastic in advocating that a great
showing should l)e made by the women of the
country at the Exposition.
MRS. JOSEPH C. STRAUGHAN,
LADY MANAGER FROM IDAHO.
MRS. .JOSEPH O. STRAUGHAN.
Mrs. Joseph C. Straughan, World’s Fair Lady
Manager for Idaho, was born in Clinton county,
Illinois, and is the youngest child of Mr. Thomas
Stanhope Ramsay, the oldest living settler in
that county.
Mrs. Straughan was educated at the Jackson¬
ville Presbyterian Academy. She has resided
in Idaho for the past ten years and is the wife
of the United States Surveyor General for that
state. She is a sister of Hon. Rufus N. Ramsay,
state treasurer of Illinois.
Mrs. Stianghan took an active part in all that
pertained to the Womans’ Board of the World’s
Columbian Exposition, and was an able repre¬
sentative of the energetic and determined
women of the West who have done so much in
assisting the development of that comparatively
new section of our country.
CLARA L. McADOW.
Clara L. McAdow, member of the Board of
Lady Managers for Montana, is a woman of
indomitable will, excellent executive ability
and has the courage of her convictions both by
word and work. Her husband is a sutferer from
MRS. ELIZA J. P. HOWES,
LADY MANA(iER FROM MUMUGAN.
Mrs. Howes servetl as a member of the Board
of Lady Managers, from Michigan, and was
much interested in the work.
MRH. ALEXANDER THOMSON.
Mrs. Tliomson is a daugliU'r of llu' lab' Cor
nelius and Louisa E. Slack. On the motln'i's
side she is descended from John Thomas Schley,
owner of the iirst house built in Frech'rick city,
Maryland. Mr. Slack, lu'r falher, was conm'cii'd
with the Baltinion^ & Ohi<i R. R. fi’oin ils be¬
ginning, and was one of the original d(‘V('lopi'rs
of the bituminous coal li('l(l of Wi'stc'rn Mary¬
land. He was a man of cxcei)tional ability
and very pianninent in railroad and mining
interests throughout the state' and for twe'iity-
fiva years geneiad snpt'rintendent of tin' (him-
berland and Pennsylvania R. R.
Mrs. Thomson was edm-ated in Baltimore.
In I8()() she was married to the late Dr. Alex¬
ander Thomson, of Mt. Savage, IMd., e'ldest son
of Judge Alexander Thomson,of C’hand)ersburg,
Pa., and brother of Frank Thomson, first vice-
president of the Pennsylvania R. R.
Mrs. Thomson was ap])oint('d a nn'inber of
the Board of Lady Managt'rs from Maryland
serving on the board with distinction.
MRS. CLARA L. Me A DOW,
LADY MANAGER FROM MONTANA.
Mrs. Eliza J. P. Howes, was born near Albion,
N. Y., July 15, 1838, and was educated at
Philips Union Seminary. In 18(31 she married
George E. Howes, then in business in Phila¬
delphia, where they resided until 1875, when
they removed to Battle Creek, Mich., and soon
became identified with its imblic interests.
Mrs. Howes is interested in literary and
charitable work, and is an active mendier of the
Inde]jendent Congregational church;she is thor¬
oughly domestic in her taste; is the mother of
three children, two sons who are in business,
and one daughter.
MRS. ALEXANDER THOMSON,
LADY MANAGER FROM MARYLAND.
Mrs. Franc L. Albright, Lady Manager
from New Mexico, is a native of Pennsyl¬
vania. She received a college education
finished by travel. From childhood she
gave evidence of the artistic temperament, which
in after years determined her choice of occupa¬
tion. She is the wife of Col. J. G. All)righf,
editor of the Albuquerque Mornhuj Democrai.
and many of the bright productions in that
MRS. FRANC L. ALBRIGHT,
5 LADY MANAGER FROM NEW MEXICO.
journal, are credited to her pen. She is presi¬
dent of the Woman’s New Mexico Press and
Literary association.
Although Mrs. Albrighfis a successful busi¬
ness woman she does not eliminate thefemenine
element from her business life. Her rare in¬
telligence and extensive experience make her
an agreeable figure in business relations while
her winning personalities render her a favorite
in the highest social circles.
MRS. ELIZA J. P. HOWES.
4on
(:ampp>eli;s
llil.rSTRATEI) HISTORY OF THE A\ORLI)S COLl3I^)IA^ EXIOSlllOX,
V"IE\\ LOOKING NORTH ON LAGOON FROM STOCK PAVILION.
OBELISK IN FOREGROUND.
DOME ILLINOIS BUILDING IN THE DISTANCE.
PHOTOGRAPH OF THE COURT OP HONOR, LOOKING EAST FROM ADMINISTRATION BUILDING, SHO^YING THE MACMONNIES’ FOUNTAIN IN ACTION.
410
CAMOr.KLl/S II
JXSTJUTEI) HISTOKY OF Thi^.
RUSSIxV AT THE EXH )STTI()N.
MR. P. T)E GLOUKHOVSKOY.
Amoii^ all tlie European powers participat- _ <. tt
iii^ ill the ^reat American enterprise, Russia Mr. P. de Gloukliovskoy, Cliainberlain or His
occupies a prominent place. In order to secure Majesty, Emperor of Russia, and Imperial Coni-
the success of the Russian section, a special missioner General of Russia to the M orld s
as appointed by an Imperial Columbian Exposition, was born in the province
of Smolensk, on his hereditary estate, \ ezovenka.
Mr. Gloukliovskoy was first educated in the
commission
Wf
L kase, the members of which were chosen
among the deputies of different ministries under
the high presidency of the Private Councillor
of State, Mr. ^Y. Kovalewsky, Director of the
Department of Manufactures and Commerce,
gymnasium of his native town, and finished his
course at the University of Moscow, graduating
as Bachelor of Law. He entered the govern-
and the able and prominent gentleman, Cham- ment service where his talents and abilities were
b(u-lain of His Imperial Majesty, Mr. P. de at once recognized. Although comparatively a
Gloukliovskoy was entrusted with the executive young man, he occupies an important post as
power of the com¬
mission a n d ap-
poi titl'd Commission¬
er General.
The Russian Gov-
eriiment has shown
itself very generous
in granting money
for the expeiisi's of
the Russian section,
Jippropriating ijidOO,-
000. The largest
display is made in
the Mtinufactures
building liy the lead¬
ing business houses
of the Russian Em¬
pire, which have in a
great measure con¬
tributed to the large
amount required for
the ornamentation
of show cases amt
pavilions.
The Russian sec¬
tion ill this building
is particularly dis¬
tinguishing itself
by its exhibit of
artistic enamelled
silver, bronze, papier
inache, etc. The ex¬
hibit of fine furs,
artistic furniture and
the Asiatic exhibit,
containing magnifi¬
cent hand-made rugs,
is an interesting feature. A pavilion 80 feet
high, with a dome 70 feet, is a fine specimen of
Rii.ssiaii architecture, and ornaments the en¬
trance to the Russian section.
The fame of Russian leather was duly appre¬
ciated by the Exposition officials, and a large
space is occupied by an exhibit in the Shoe
and Leather building.
The agricultural, forestry, horticultural and
fisheries departments contain an interesting
exhibit. In the Fine Arts building Russia has an
exhibit of its choicest collections of paintings
and other works of art, many of them having
been loaned for the occasion and are 2 Jriceless.
m
■j.-.
Star Rose by Brazil, and Knight of the Cross
of the Legion of Honor by France. Besides
these honors he also wears decorations of the
Montenegro Daniel and the Polar Star of Swe
den and Norway. As Commissioner General to
the Copenhagen exhibition he received the
Grand Cross of Danebrog, from King Chris
tiaii of Denmark.
Ill 1892 Mr. Gloukliovskoy was appointed
Commissioner General to the World’s Colum¬
bian Exposition, and is at present in Chicago in
the interests of Russia’s exhibit.
In Russia he is well known as a promoter
and organizer of various scientific societies
society of Homology, society of forwarding
Russia’s trade, fisheries, and many others.
MR. R. DE SOUSTCHEFFSKY.
P. DE GLOUKHOVSKOY,
IMPERIAL (;OMMrsSU)NE.I OEXERAL OF KCSSIA TO THE WOKLO's (lOl.CMBlAN EXPOSITION.
member of the Treasury Council.
Mr. Gloukliovskoy is also Actual Councillor
of State and Chainberlaiii at the Court of His
Impelial Majesty. He holds all the orders ut)
to that of St. 1 ladiniir of the 2d degree. He has
gained much exjierieiice in International and
Domestic exhibitions, in which he lia.s taken an
acEve part. He was at the Paris exposition of
1878, at Philadeliihia in 1876 and Paris in 1878,
in all of which he took an active jiart.
Ml. Gloukliovskoy s abilities were ajijiriciated
by the foreign governments, by whom he was
knighted with the Order of the Iron Crown of the
2 d degree by Austria, the Commandry of the
Mr. Rokouza de Soustcheffsky, Assistant of
the Russian Commissioner General, acted aa
intermediary between the administration of tlie
W orldn Fair and the Russian Commission at
St. Petersburg from June, 1892, until the arrival
of Commissioner General Gloukliovskoy in Chi.
cago the latter jiart of April.
In Russia Mr. Soustcheffsky was educated
for the bar, but on
the institution of the
World’s Columbian
Exjjosition he ” 6611 -
quished his occupa¬
tion for the time
being, and ^ilaced
himself atthedisposal
of the Minister of
Pinance who en¬
trusted him with the
iniijortant 230 sition of
I m j) e r i a 1 Com mis¬
sioner of the Rus¬
sian section at the
Ex^iosition. He has
taken much interest
in the Ex^josition
from the day of his
arrival, and it is
through his exertions
that Russia will in a
great measure be in¬
debted for the excel¬
lent exhibit made and
the imjiortaiit jiosi-
tion she will take
among the other for¬
eign countries which
are taking jiart.
Mr. Soustcheffsky
is also a member of
_ the Imperial Geo¬
graphical society, and
although not a news-
^laper man by profes¬
sion, he has contrib¬
uted several interesting articles on the Colum¬
bian Exjiosition to the leading newspiapers of
his countryy
The lianquet given at the •Auditorium by
Chamberlain P. de Gloukliovskoy, the Russian
Commissioner General to the VVorld’s Oolum-
bian Exposition, in honor of the anniversary
of
the coronation of His Majesty, the Emperor of
Russia, was one of the most inqiosing and ele¬
gant of the series of banquets given by the foi-
eign commissioners during the jiast few weeks.
Among those present were the leading commis¬
sioners of foreign countries and this country.
CAMP15ELi;S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE WORIAVS (H)LU3IB1AX EXPOSITION.
Til
MR. LUBOMIR DIMCHA.
MR. JOHN LEBEDKINE.
Mr. Lubomir Dimclia was born at
liis father’s Lutliuanian Castle, Zda-
iiiski, in 1800, and received his first
education under the paternal roof by
Russian, French and German mas¬
ters. He entered the high school of
Mitau, and in leaving this institution
a gold medal was i:)resented to him.
In 1878 he went to the St. Petersburg
university where he graduated as a
barrister. He then entered the gov¬
ernment service and was attached to
the Department of Public Education.
In 1887 he took the degree of Doctor
of Law at Moscow, and was raised to
the eminent position of Professor of
Public Law at the University of St.
Petersburg.
M"hen first the World’s Columbian
Exposition was spoken of Prof.
Dimclia was appointed by Imperial
Ukase as delegate of the educational
department to Chicago.
Mr. Dimclia is not only a member
of ditferent Russian scientific so¬
cieties, but also ranks among the
leariual men composing the general
congress, and was lately invited to
accept the place as Honorary Vice
President of that congress.
Since coming to Chicago Mr. Dim-
cha has interested himself in educa¬
tional matters and extended his ac¬
quaintance among the leading men
of science and letters in this city.
RAKOUZA DE SOUSTCHEFFSKY,
RUSSIAN IMPERIAL COMMISSIONER TO WORLD’S FAIR.
Mr. John Lebedkine, mining en¬
gineer, Imperial Russian Delegate of
of the Mining Department to the
World’s Columbian Flxposiiion, was
born in the year 1858 in the Trans-
baycalian district, ('astern Siberia,
near one of the gold mines managc'd
by his father, who was an engineer
under His Majesty, the Plmperor of
Russia.
As Air. Lclx'dkine was, from his
very infancy, reared in tlu' midst of
mining pursuits, he natui-ally had
a strong tendency to follow his
father's jiroUssion.
After having finished his studies
at an elementary technical school at
Irkoutsk, he was sent to (’azane,
vdiere he completed his course at a
clinical institute.
He then left for Bt. Petersburg
where, after seven years’ constant and
efiicient work, he succeeded in grad¬
uating as a candidate.of matlu'uiatical
science at the university of tlu' cajii-
tal of Russia, and as a mining ('iigin-
eer of the Imperial Academy.
Once his education tinislu'd, Air.
Lebedkine ent('red the governnu'ut
service and was attached to tlu; Alin¬
ing Departnu'ni of tlu' Alinisiry of
Domains, in charge of th(> t('chnical
section and entrusted with all (pu's-
ti(ms of mining education.
AMONG FOREIGN BUILDINGS.
The exhibits now being made by foreign
countries at the Exposition forms one of the
leading features. This is especially true in the
way of buildings. Beginning with Germany,
which country has erected the largest and fin¬
est structure of any foreign state, the next in
order of size is Sweden, whose building is one
of the most substantial on the grounds. Brazil
has expended much time and money in the
construction of her building. The result justi¬
fies the trouble and expense.
Passing through the section occupied by for¬
eign buildings in the northeast part of the
Exposition grounds, the visitor will find nine¬
teen foreign countries with reiiresentative build
ings. Besides the three countries above men¬
tioned there are buildings by Norway, Great
Britain, Austria, France, Spain, Canada, Japan,
Turkey, Russia, Ceylon, Haiti, Ecuador, Costa
Rica, Nicaragua, and Guatemala.
These buildings are in every form of archi¬
tecture, each country demonstrating its own
peculiar forms of construction. From an arch¬
itectural standpoint, the buildings are a won¬
derful exhibit in themselves. It is within the
buildings that the visitor will see the many
characteristics of the different countries, in the
varied and wonderful exhibits.
THE OLD WORLD AT THE FAIR.
The visitor who passes along Alidway plais-
ance will be entertained by seeing people and
customs peculiar to every nation of Ihe old
world. Here he will meet tlui Turk, Ihe Arab,
the Egyi)tian, the Javaiiese, ihe Chim\se, the
Japanese, the Singalese, the Greek, the Kalb'r,
all attired in their native costunu's and living
as they live in their native land. The student
of the races of mankiiid can liave anqde o])p()r-
tunities in a stroll along this wonderful street,
where he may examine and criticise without
fear or favor.
LUBOAIIR DIAICHA,
RUSSIAN DELEGATE, EDUCATIONAL DEI'AItTMENT,
world's COLI'MBIAN EXPOSITION.
. No adequate idea can be given of the hun¬
dreds and thousands of things to be seen within
these edifices. Each country stands out distinc¬
tively. In this respect they differ radically
from the exhibit made by the several states.
There is a sameness in our home exhibit, while
among the foreign states the types of people,
the products, the arts and the manufactures are
nearly all in different lines. The commercial,
as well as the ornamental, features of the exhibit
are made prominent })y every country, showing
that they are not here on pleasure bent and
sinq)ly to please the eye of visitors, but also in
a business cai)acity.
One thing noticeable aimmg the foreigii
countries is the fact that no niggardness is
shown in making the exhibit attractive and
complete. All details are lo(Aed after. Mobile
not forgetting the commercial idc^a, they have
utilized all their artistic skill to produce the
best effects and bring con.si)icuously before the
public the fact that their exhibits will stand a
critical test with those of any country in the
world. The Japanese building is the oidy one
that will be kept standing after the Fair.
JOHN LEBEDKINE,
RUSSIAN DELEGATE, MINING DEPARTMENT,
world’s COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
AMONG THE RUSSIAN EXHIBITERS
IN MANUFACTURES BUILDING.
Russia, as a nation, makes a grand display at
the Exposition. M bile this fact is evident to
all who have admired her excellent displays in
the different departments, it is in the Manufac-
Empress of Russia. Here can be seen the
product of every fur-bearing animal of the
world. A silver fox ladies robe is displayed val¬
ued at $8,000; a sable and seal coat, $6,000; a sea
otter skin worth $2,000, a black fox skin $2,800
and hundreds of the finest sables, royal ermine,
black, silver, blue, white and red foxes, marten.
Belgium, has an equally fine exhibit of furs,
occupying the sx^ace adjoining that of P. M.
Gunwaldt. In this disjjlay can be seen sable
linings for Russian circulars valued from $3,-
500 to $5,200. Seal garments with Russian sable
lining and collars worth $2,500. Silver fox
linings valued at $3,000. Beaver boa, three
at $600. It is well worth the price asked.
The Imperial Russian State Paper Manufac-
toiy has an exhibit filling sixteen large show
cases, consisting of electrotypes, steel plates and
sainj^les of the work turned out by the factory.
The exhibit made by N. Stange, of bronze work
is from the models of E. Lanceray, the greatest
TP
SECTION OF THE RUSSIAN EXHIBIT IN MANUFACTURES BUILDING, SHOWING FUR EXHIBIT,
IMPERIAL STATE PAPER MANUFACTORY AND OTHER DISPLAYS.
tures department that the greatest showing is
made by private exhibiters.
A trip through this section is a journey
through fairyland, so exquisite and varied are
the many attractive things to be seen. Among
the many exhitnters and one that occupies a
front rank is P. M. Grunwaldt, Furrier to the
mink, otter, kamshatka, beaver, bear, and other
furs. The line of finished garments in boas,
muffs, capes, coats, robes, rugs and gloves is the
finest ever seen in this country. The exhibit is
valued at over $1,000,000.
E. M. Grunwaldt, manufacturer of all fine
furs by special appointment to the Queen of
yards long, valued at $600. A Russian circular
of blue velvet, with sable collar and lined with
sable legs, valued at $1,100. Fur-lined coats,
hedgehog hunting caps, overcoats, ox^era cloaks
and an endless variety of valuable fur articles
comx^lete the exhibit. One white Russian bear
skin is the larf:?est seen at the Pair and valued
of sculptors. The groups are of the “Arabian
types,” among which is the famous “Arab Fan-
tasie,”^An equestrian statue of Gen. Skobeloff
has been sold seven times, so great has been tlie
demand for duplicates of this admirable piece
of work.
OvchinnikofF Bros, the silversmiths of Mob-
cow and St. Petersburg?, have an exhibit of enam¬
eled silverware, silver statues, chased silver and
j?old work that is of great value. They show
two lines of enameled silver, filigree and trans¬
parent. Gratschetf also has an exhibit of silver¬
ware that includes all kinds of enamel and fili-
grane work.
smith Co., make an exhibit of gold and silver
filigree enameled work, silver cases and a variety
of other things that show the most delicate work.
They have one lamp worth $2,000.
The display of bronze goods made by A. E.
Federoff is the equal of any in the building and
contains every variety of goods to be found in
three cabinets made of mahogany inlaid with
hard stone mosaics which are marvels of work¬
manship and beauty. In this exhibit is a punch
bowl made from jade, one of the hardest stones
known, which is worth $24,000, and a small
tray of agate worth $20,000. N. L. TjukalofP
makes a fine showing of decorative painting on
lacquered hand painting work on papier mache
articles; C. M. Schroeder shows six grand pianos,
one of which was presented to the great pianist,
Kubinstein on the occasion of his 50th birth¬
day. Baron G. Pilar von Pilchau exhibits a
melograph, or automatic music writer, which is
a wonderful as well as convenient invention.
x
X
p:;
X
X
PM j
1 1
1 U ^^'7
SECTION OF THE RUSSIAN EXHIBIT IN MANUFACTURES BUILDING,
SHOWING DISPLAYS OF THE IMPERIAL APPANAGES AND OTHER ARTISTIC WARE.
Kuznetsov Co. make a display of porcelain
and crockery ware; J. Nechaiev-Maltsev one of
crystal which includes decanters, wineglasses,
chandeliers, and other articles of handsome and
elaborate workmanship; O. Passe and A. Zhes-
selshow a line of carved gilt frames that are
marveles of workmanship; the Russian Silver-
bronze work. Meltzer & Co., have an exhibit
of furniture in which is seen an exact reproduc¬
tion of the dining table and chairs of Alexander
II in carved walnut. The exhibit made by the
Tentelewo Chemical M'orks contains a display
of chemicals second to none at the Exposition.
The Imperial Stone Manufactory exhibits
cabinets. S. P. Louralotf displays several cases
of silk gallon, tapes, chains and other work.
Fairbairn & Co. have several cases filled with
papier mache work in trays, boxes and miscel¬
laneous articles, painted in handsome designs.
J. S. Levitte has a case of perfumes and
toilet articles; N. Luokoutine a large display of
L. Plarr is the representative of several jew¬
elers, furriers and makers of artistic ware who
have extensive exhibits in this department.
The illustrations on these pages will give the
reader some idea of the extensive and elaborate
exhibit made by the different firms from that
country, better than reading of them.
L 1 I-
(:A’\IPI{E1J;S ll.LrSTRATKI)
IIISTOHV OF THE \V()HIJ)‘S (^(HHIMHIAX EXPOSEFIOX.
EXHI BIT OF RUSSIAN EDUCATIONAL
AND CHxUUTABLE INSTITUTIONS.
Under the direct sanction of tlieir Alajesties,
the Emperor and Empress of Russia, the
Imperial educational and charitable institutions
of the Empress Alarie, patronized by their
Majesties, made a comprehensiv'e display in the
Russian Liberal Arts Section of the Alanufac-
Tures buiidin,u;’. The official dele^’ates of the
Imperial institutions was Airs. Semetschkin and
Air. Ottocar d’ Aderkas.
There are more than six hundred institutions
under the immediate patronage of their Alajes-
ties, and actually under the cliief direction of
t he Count N. Pratasow-Bachmetjew, with a total
of 500,000 pupils. These include foundling
homes, (with village infirmaries, schools for
girls, nurses and female assistant surgeons,
seminary for ti'aclu'i’s, village' schools, asylums.
Rnssi..ns backward in scholastic pursuits.
This display was also eiubellisheil with models,
maps, photographs, and charts, Kiviufl the e.K-
teiit, methods and statistics of education and
charity in Russia.
In this department were shown some speci¬
mens of Russian handiwork (made by the
pupils of the Deinidow institution at St. Peters¬
burg), tluit were destined for presentation to
President and Airs. Cleveland. The one to be
given to President Cleveland was a fire-place
ornament^gold and silver interwoven by means
of the finest needlework on a background of red
velvet. The one that Airs. Cleveland was to be
presented with was a specimen of embroidery
on a background of pure white linen. The
figure-piei.'e was a delineation of a lecent event
which was of historical interest to both Ameri¬
cans and Russians—a graphic illustration of the
American ship “Leo,’' arriving at St. Peters-
The 131 children-asylums receive 1 : 354.5
children. The deaf and dumb school at»St
Petersburg has 230 scholars. The Association
of the Empress Marie for the assistance of blind
founded in 1882, has already established fifteen
schools for blind children, two trade-homes for
blind adults, three asylums for the aged and two
ophtalmic hospitals, a section for prevention of
blindness and a society for printing and writing
of books for the blind.
The 32 institutes or boarding schools for girls
consist of 7,f)80 scholars. The 30 gyninasinnis
or day schools for girls, with a progymnasimn
and pedagogic classes, consist of 10,()64 scholars.
There are four institutions for boys: the Im¬
perial lycenm, two commercial schools and an
orphan institute. The lycenm, with a gymnas¬
ium and a juridical faculty, is a high school;
the other thi'ee are secondary schools. The
total number of scholars in these four establish-
s
"I?
A MERIC AN POTTERIES' EXHIBIT, M.ANUFACTURES
DEPARTMENT, WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
lying-in hospitals and schools for midwives),
children asylums, schools for the deaf and dumb
and for the blind, hospitals, asylums for insane,
institutions and gymnasiums for girls, primary
and manual training schools, the Imperial Ly¬
ceum for boys, commercial schools, orphan in¬
stitutes, hosi)ices, widows’ homes, asylums for
poor, unmarried women, children’s and ophtal¬
mic hosi)itals, hosi)ices for workmen, alms¬
houses, community of sisters of charity, chari¬
table societies, horticultural schools, cradles,
trade homes for the blind, etc.
The exhibit of these various institutions was
one of the most interesting shown by the Rus¬
sian people. The methods of instruction in
the schools and the completeness of supervision
over all branches of education, was a surprise
to many who were accustomed to consider the
burg in 1892, laden with corn, sent by the
Americans after the poor harvest in Russia.
The institutions of the Empress Alarie, actu¬
ally flourishing under the most gracious patron¬
age of their Imperial Alajesties, the Emperor
Alexander III and the Empress Alarie Feodo-
rovna, are strictly following the direction given
them by their founders, the Empresses Cather¬
ine II and Alarie Feodorovna (wife of the Em¬
peror Paul I,) in securing the homeless, help¬
less and forlorn, and in bringing up youth in
the limits of honesty and love to fellownien.
^ The largest of these institutions is the found¬
ling-homes: they receive annually 25,000 child¬
ren; the total number of children in these in¬
stitutions is 103,000. The 107 primary schools
depending upon the foundling-homes are giving
education to 3,293 children.
ments is 2,066. The 3(5 hospices and widow s-
honies are assisting 3,849 persons.
In brief in all these institiHnms 498,108 3 )ei-
sons are assisted, of which 120,537 belong to
foundling-homes, hospices and asylums, 350,154
to hospitals and 27,417 to the educational estab¬
lishment.
I ^ ’
ihe annual budget or these institut:
sists of about 11,300,000 roubles ($5,650,000.)
The means for their maintenance are deiivec
from revenues of capitals previouly formed,
donations, granted by the Imperial family, '
ments of scholars, some privileges of tlie insti¬
tutions (viz., a fixed income from the taxation
of public representations and the inonopolizet
right of making and selling playing cards,)
subsidy of 500,000 roubles ($250,000) from tie
liberal public contributions.
i
rjl
pc
P-
1. K. Buenz. Germany, President. 2. Brother Maurelian. U. S 3 Gen 'r T Fnfnn n s; .>,) v t Ti- < ti u. ^ , rr c-
C. Heard, Kussla. 11. Mrs. Susanna M. b. Fry’u! S* 12. Prof. \V R Hoag'U S 13 " Mrs V *ThomDson^n^S^*^V 4 *^Prnf V Lundin, Sweden. 7. Prosper Lamal, Switzerland. 8. Mrs. Harriet Higo-ins Cur ico i 0 TH
MEMBERS OP THE .AW.ARDS COMMITTEE IN DEPARTMENT LIBERAL ARTS, WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
41 r,
CAMIMIELI/S ILLI STTvATEI) HISTORA^ OF THE WOKED’S COlirMBIAX EXFOSTTIOX.
TITS EXCELLENCY, IBRAHBI HAKKY BEY.
COMMISSIONEK-GENEKAL OF OTTOMAN EMPIRE TO THE WORLD’S FAIR
PROGRESS ON FOREIGN
BUILDINGS,
The progress made among the
foreign countries that are erecting
buildings on the Exposition grounds
has been in the same ratio with that
on the state buildings. Some of the
buildings were practically completed
in the early part of the year.
Others were just begun. Still others
were in course of erection.
Great Britain, France, Germany
and Russia were foremost with their
buildings. Sweden, Brazil, Guate¬
mala, Turkey, Austria and Canada
made very rapid progress on their
buildings and had them all com¬
pleted and their exhibits installed
by the time the Fair was opened.
Japan was among the first countries
to complete her bnilding, or grouj) of
buildings, on the island. The build¬
ings of Germany, France, Brazil,
Sweden and Canada are very large.
Turkey, Colombia and Hayti have
the smallest buildings.
In a point of unique architecture
Turkey will take the lead. Brazil’s
building is without doubt the hand¬
somest from an exterior view. Taken
as a whole the foreign countries rejj-
resented have erected buildings that
compare favorably with the other
buildings on the grounds, in point of
size, architecture and appearance.
As a general rule foreign countries
were far in advance of this country i„
the matter of preparing buildL"
and pavilions for their exhibits a,t|
111 getting them imitalled. German ■
and France lead in the amount of
space taken in the several depart
ment ^ buildings, and the extent of
exhibits. In some departments Ger
many is occupying as much space as
is taken by half a dozen other Enro
pean countries. Alany of the lesser
foreign countries are making their
exhibit in the form of concessions
—♦—
ORIENTAL COUNTRIES ARE
INTERESTED.
For the first time in the history of
expositions in this country the Ori¬
ental countries exhibit the most
lively interest. Almost every country
111 the old world has a representation
at the Exposition. In some instances
the interest assumes an official impor¬
tance from the fact that the represen¬
tation is made under the auspices of
the goveriinieiit itself. But in most
cases it is made by citizens of the
country in the form of a concession
on the Alidway plaisance. Prom a
commercial standpoint the inhabi¬
tants of the far-off states are showinn
o
that they are cognizant of the value
of making a good showing of their
manufactures in a country that will
eventually become a good customer
of theirs.
IBRAHIM HAKKY BEY.
His Excellency, Ibrahim Hakky
Bey, Comniissioner-Geiieral of the
Ottomam Empire to the World’s
Columbian Exposition, is to-day
one of the highest, brighest and
youngest official in the goverimieiit
service.
His promotion to high and coiifi-
dental positions has been marvelous5
his titles and decorations are many.
Besides wearing decorations of Siam¬
ese and German governments, ho
wears the Grand Insignia of xVus-
nianie, Mejidie, and gold and silver
medals of Imtiyazi, as a special mark
foi his ability. Lately the degree of
Bala was conferred on him, and now
there is only one step left for him to
climb to the sublime degree of \ ezier
Having been educated in the dip¬
lomatic school at Constantinojffe, he
speaks English, French and German
fluently. At first he was connected
with the department of foreign
affairs. There his ability being rec¬
ognized, he was promoted to a high
position in the palace of His AlaiesW
the Sultan.
Special missions have several times
called him to Europe, and on many
occasions he has had the honor of
being interpreter to His Imperial
Alajesty.
Being at the head of the Imperial
Ottoman Commission to the World's
Columbian Exposition, he devotes
miuh time and energy in forwardinn-
the interests of the World’s Fair
ill the Ottoman Empire.
AHMED FAHRI BEY.
Ahmed Fahri Bey, Imperial Otto-
man Commissioner from Turkey
to the World’s Columbian Exposi¬
tion, is a native of Turkey. He was
educated at Dar-El-Shefaka, the gov¬
ernment school in Constantinople,
and at Paris, Fixince, in one of the
highest schools for electricity and
engineering.
After three years’ study he re-
t 111 lied to Constantinople and was
appointed to a high position in the
telegraphic service. Soon after, as a
reward for his ability and high char¬
acter, he was decorated with the
grand insignia of Ausmanie and
Shira-Khurshid, of Persia, and ap¬
pointed a member to the Council of
Administration for postal and tele¬
graph service.
In 1891 , by a special order of the
Sultan he was appointed a delegate
to the Universal Postal Congress,
held at Vienna, with full power to
negotiate and regulate postal laws
foi the empire with foreign powers.
His ability and long service being
recognized. His Imperial Majesty com
feiied on him the honor to rejiresent
the Imperial Ottoman Empire to the
AVorld’s Columbian Exposition at
Chicago. He is very enthusiastic in
his efforts to make a fine showing at
the Exposition from Turkey.
AHMED FAHRI BEY,
imperial ottoman commissioner to world’s faib.
117
( AMPliELT/S 1 LEES'!
TURKEY AT THE EXPOSITION.
Turkey was represented at the Exposition by
Ibrahim Hakky Bey, Imperial Commissioner
General; Ahmed Fahri Bey, Imperial Commis¬
sion; Mr. Hohannes J. PiLshman, secretary; Mr.
Z. J. Sweeney, honorary commissioner; Mr. P.
D. Thompson, honorary commissioner; Capt.
jMehmed Tevhk, altache to commissicjii; Capt.
Ahmed Sabit, attache to commission.
The Turkish ])uildin^ was in the moresque
style in imitation of the Hunkhar Casque ( or
fountain, ) of Sultan Ahmed III, which is oppo¬
site tlie Ba}:)i Hnmayon in Constantinople. Size
of building- was 80x100 feet, having a large dome
in the center with four smaller domes at the
IHATEl) HISTORY OF THE WORLIVS COLE
ship and design, and unequaled by anything
ever before shown in this country. This case
bore in large letters the initials T. C. F. which
stands for “Turkish Compassionate Fund.”
This was established in Constantinople in the
year 1878 during the Russo-Turkish war for the
relief of Bulgarian and Turkish refugees who
flocked to the city for shelter, having been
burned out and driven from their homes.
The display of fine embroideries was under
the supervision of Madame Zacarofl, who was
at the building in charge of the exhibit. Among
the more noticeable specimens shown were
doylies that looked like frost work, some being-
in solid gold embroidery on drawn threads,
closely resembling the repousse and gold-basket
IBIAX EXPOSITION.
village was a concession granted by the Exposi¬
tion authorities to Robert Levy, a merchant of
Constantinople, who received permission from
the Sultan to reproduce the village.
The principal buildings in the village con¬
sisted of a mosque, where all IMohaminedans at
the Exposition worshiped during their sojourn
in Chicago. This was an attractive exhibit to
Americans, unfamiliar with the Mohammedan
religious rites.
Near the mosque were several large bazaars,
in which merchants occni)ied stalls similar to
those in their native country, where could be
found everything from the Orient. Rugs,
shawls, embroideries, jewelry, and every im¬
aginable ornament used in the decoration of the
TURKISH BUILDING AT THE WORLD’S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
corners.
The exterior was made in Damascus of carved
wood, and brought here for the purpose. The
exhibition halls were richly decorated with tap¬
estries and contained a tine exhibit of textile
fabrics, gold, silver and other minerals, muni¬
tions of war, electrical appliances and antiqui¬
ties, the agricultural products, silks, dyestutt's
and samples, representing every industry.
Exhibits were also made in the Manufactures
building showing oriental rugs and flligree jew¬
elry. In Transportation department were
caiques, sedan chairs, bullock carts, etc.
In the north end of the main corridor of the
Woman’s building was a large upright case
filled with embroideries of exquisite workman-
work of Russian goldsmiths. On pink chiffon
were delicate embroideries, suitable for the gar¬
niture of dresses. The finest linen scarfs for
table-centers had the oriental finish of a wrought
bordering, with tiny spangles and penduloques.
The different designs used included many of
those Eastern patterns handed down from gen¬
eration to generation, dating back to even the
ninth generation. One design was copied from
the enamels of the “green mosque,’’a marvelous
piece of architecture in Broiissa. Altogether
the exhibit was one of the finest in the building.
It was in Midway plaisance that Turkey had
one of its liest representations. This consisted
of a genuine Tuskish village, reprcxliiced from
an original in the country of the Moslems. This
person were found in abundance.
In one of the large buildings was a tlnaitre in
which were given almost every hour of tlu'dny
and evening characteristic acting, consistiiig of
swcjrd contests, danciiig, musical f('atiir('s and
other attractions.
There were several rcdreshinent bazaars,
wherein were dispmisi'd article's of food and
drink that were new to this cenintry both in
name and to the palate. A number of palan-
(|iiins or sedan chairs we-re' t'xhibited, and a liiu'
of conveyance establishd by se'veral brawny
Turks. Owing to an ('xorbitant j)ric(' being
asked for riding in tln'in they did not prove'a
success. Tiirke'y was alsej rej)re'sentexl in the
“Congress of Beauties.”
41 a
(JAArPBElJi’S IT.l.lJSTRATET) HISTORY OF THE WORLD’S COLUMBTAY EXPOSTTTON,
A PROGRESSIVE PANORAMA.
The strides of pi’ogress are gigantic. The
present epoch is one of immensity. The seem¬
ing impossibilities of a few years ago are now
the ever-recurring events of daily life. We
travel at the rate of a mile a minute. We talk
to each other and recognize voices across a
thousand miles of space. AVe walk the floor of
old ocean and railroad in the air. In short, we
figuratively “ press the button ”—a subtle some¬
thing “ does the rest.” And in this busy x)ush
and get-ahead existence we lose much of the
sweetness of life. AVe devote too little time to
retrospect. Comparisons are enjoyable; they
are educational, Our illustration suggests
was completed, the eager “inventor and build'
er” put it into a field of oats, and “astonished
the natives” by the very satisfactory manner in
which the six-acre piece was cut. But the en¬
thusiasm of the inventor ever leads him to ex¬
pect too much of his early experiments, and so,
back to the shop went the reaper, to await the
improvements suggested by its performance.
AVhat the McCormick grain and grass cutting
machines are to-day, the world knows, but that
same world is not so well informed as to the
early days of the McCormick. Our illustration
is a rej^roduction from a photograph of the
painting shown in connection with the exhibit
of the AIcCormick Harvesting Machine Co., at
the AVorld’s Columbian Exposition.
the attendance lias increased to a inarbd ]
gree, the average being over 100,000 ner
during the inontli.
The total liabilities August 1st includins?
obligations on contracts, was 123,867 752 80
while the total assets including the city’bonds’
the debenture bonds, the capital stock, the re’
ceipts from souvenir coins, gate receipts coit
cessions, interest and all other receipts’ wer.
|2,677,290.48, leaving liabilities of ipigojet
The 1 eduction of expenses by discontinninn
the departinents of Publicity and Promotion
and the Installation deioartment and the prun¬
ing down of all useless assistants and employes
Jj^is old bbcksmith shop near Steeles lAvern Rochbridqe CouniYVirgmia,in 1831 Cyius H.McCormick made the First Successful
PHOTOGRAPH OF PANORAMA OP FARM SCENE, McCORMICK
HARVESTING MACHINE COMPANY’S EXHIBIT, AGRICULTURAL BUILDING.
lese thoughts. It is a pretty, peaceful pict
torn from the pages of the past. It repres
the modest beginning of one of the greatesi
dustries of modern times. It is the old bli
smith shop where the first McCormick ret
vms built in 1831, and where the inanufaci
of the machine was carried on for several ye
Here Cyrus Hall McCormick, at the age
twenty-one^ effected a combination of the c^a
nal principles of every reaper and grain 1
vester that has since been built. This s
was situated on the farm of young AlcCormir
Grove, A^irginia, n
bteele s Tavern,” a caravansary which appe
to have been a conspicuous land-mark in t
locality sixty years ago. As soon as his rea
EXPOSITION FINANCES.
The financial statement made by i
Ackerman early in August shows the co
of the Exposition’s finances to be in a fin
considering everything. The receipts
marked increase while the expenditu:
much less than they were early in the
The total gate receipts from Alay 1st to
1 st were $3,164,588. The total expendit
August 1 were $22,184,423.92. The r
31,178,546.92, wh
has been realized from souvenii
ireasurer Seeberger paid the first insts
of 10 per cent of the debenture bonds th
die of August. This was followed by a
has resulted in a great saving to the Exposition,
In order that all the debenture bonds may be
redeemed it wull be necessary that there be an
average attendance of 150,000 a day from now
until the close of the Exposition. The receipts
from the concessions are all used ui 3 in paying
the running expenses so that little or no re¬
turns from that source are turned into the gen¬
eral fund. Should the souvenir coins all be
disposed of before the close of the Fair they
will bring in quite a little sum and help reduce
the debt.
Taking everything into consideration, the
financial outlook for the Exposition company
is an exceedingly bright one, and stocklioldeis
may receive some of their money back.
CAMPBELL’S ILTXSTRATEI) HISTORY OF THE WORLD’S COLEMBIAX EXPOSITION.
THE U. S. TREASURY BUILDING IN
SOUVENIR COINS.
It will be remembered that the United States
Government made a donation to the Exposition
of $2,500,000 in souvenir coins, and that before
they were received, the Finance Committee de¬
clined several handsome offers from speculators
for the entire issue.
It would have been manifestly improper for
the Directory to dispose of this issue of sou¬
venirs without first giviiis: the people an oppor¬
tunity of obtaining them, at the established
price of one dollar each.
A very large number were sold before they
could be minted, but when the Exposition
opened, attractive stands were placed in the
principal buildings, with more attractive ladies
attending them, to make sale of the coins which
would be purchased by visitors as the only
official souvenirs of the Exposition.’’'
A model of the Washington monument, was
constructad of these beautiful Columbian coins
and placed under the clock in the Manufac¬
tures building. This attracted so much atten-
can easily see that there are not enough to go
around, and it becomes necessary for every
person to secure the number they wan+, as
soon as possible.
The crowds surrounding this beautiful
model every day show that the people are
greatly interested in it, and many people do not
hesitate to pronounce it the most unique exhi¬
bit in the entire Exposition.
The Administrati( n building, in which this
handsome model is shown, has been pronounced
by a great many writers as the greatest achiev
ment in artistic architecture, supplemented by
the best work of skilled artisans, and the instal¬
ling of this exhibit in the very center of the
building, does not detract from its grandeur or
importance.
What could be more appropriate than to
show in the Administration building, of the
greatest exposition ever projected by man, a
model of the Treasury building, from which
has come, at some time or other, every dollar of
the millions of dollars, that have been used in
preparation and beautifying of this great park
for exposition purposes?
411 )
ENERGY OF COLUMBUS.
It is an old saying that “ Pluck and persever¬
ance will finally win” and this surely proven
true in the life of Columbus. Of humble paren¬
tage he early learned to love the sea and had
made several voyages up and down the coast of
Spain, always and ever feeling that there must
be another shore to the great ocean on which
he was sailing. As soon as this thought took
definite shape in his mind he began to plan
some way by which he could prove to the world
that the mental picture which was so plain to
him had a counterpart on the other side of the
great Atlantic. Month after month and year
after year he lost no opportunity to urge his
dream upon every willing listener.
Fortunately for him and the world, there came
a time when he was sorely pressed for food, and
fortunate also that the monks of the Convent
LaRabida made him welcome and supplied his
every need. It was while partaking of the hos¬
pitality at this convent, that he was enabled to
prepare charts and plans that finally resulted in
securing the needed aid. Just how many times
PHOTOGRAPH OF THE U. S. TREASURY BUILDING REPRODUCED IN SOUVENIR HALF DOLLARS IN ROTUNDA OF
ADMINISTRATION BUILDING, WORLD'S FAIR.
THE
tion and favorable comment that the Finance
Committee resolved to show the people how at¬
tractive a large number of these souvenirs
would look in the form of the United States
Treasury building. In this issue we present
readers with a handsome picture of this
model, which is built in the rotunda of the
Administration building.
The exact size of the model, or fac-simile of
the Treasury building, is eighteen feet long,
nine feet, six inches wide and forty-two inches
high; this stands on a handsome base of pan-
neled walnut four feet high and the whole en¬
closed with an approj^riate iron fence, inside of
which are four show cases, from wdiich young
ladies supply visitors with as many of the
souvenirs as they may desire.
It does not detract from any other exhibit to
say that none attracts more attention than this
handsome and most valuable silver model ever
constructed.
When you consider that there were only five
million of these souvenirs made and that there
are sixty-five million people in America, one
It is exceedingly interesting to listen to the
remarks of visitors regarding this silver model
and hear the estimates made as to the number
of coins contained in it.
There was in fact fifty thousand Columbian
coins used in its construction, but the estimates
ranged from this number up to three mil¬
lion.
It is to be regretted that the government
could not have furnished these souvenirs to the
Exposition company two or three months
earlier, when there was an urgent demand for
them all over the country.
In order to maintain the price at which the
souvenirs have been sold and to protect the
purchasers of them, the finance committee have
decided to have a large number of them returned
to the mint for recoinage into other denomina¬
tions of money.
When the coins are removed the model of
the treasury building will be given to the
Columbian Museum and will most likely be
covered with “staff” in such an attractive way
as to retain the admiration of the people.
.he was compelled to tell his story of the great
country which he was sure could be reached by
sailing westward.
When we considcu’ the attraction most ladies
have for ornaments, the picture of Isabella
donating her rings and jewels for the purpose
of fitting out a visionary man, to sail off across
the trackless and, so far as she knew, boundless
ocean, in search of a new country, it should be
remembered with admiration by all who honor
the, too few, unselfisli characters of history.
The supposed risk of making such a voyage,
with no certain and defined post in view, was re¬
garded as so imminent that it was with the great¬
est difficulty a crew could be induced to join
Columbus even after the vessels which had been
provided for him were all ready to sail.
But finally overcoming every difficulty, with
one hundred and twenty men distributed in the
Santa Maria, Pinta and Nina, early on Friday
morning August 5, 1492, he waved farew'ell to
Spain and started on his voyage which has
proven to be the most important of any ever
recorded.
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42*2
CAMPBELL’S ILLUSTRATED HfSTORY OE THE WORLD’S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
FRANK ROYAL GAMMON,
NATIONAL COMMISSIONER FROM OKLAHOMA.
FRANK ROYAL GAMMON.
Frank Roya] Gammon, National Commis¬
sioner from Oklahoma, was born in Laconia,
N. H., and upon completing his education,
engaged in mercantile business in Boston, Mass.
In 1879 lie r^^moved to Topeka, Kan., and be¬
came a ijartner in one of the large business
firms of that city. In 1885, selling his interest,
he engaged in the building of new towns and
railroads in Kansas. He was elected Mayor of
Cullison, Kan., serving two terms. Was
actively engaged in the building of the K. &
W. R. R., and upon its completion removed to
Guthrie, the capital of Oklahoma, where with
others ho organized the Bank of the Indian
Territory, being elected vice-president and
manager, which position he occupied until the
opening of the Columbian Exposition.
Mr. Gammon was appointed on the National
Commission by President Harrison, in 1891,
and was connected with the Department of
Awards, at Washington, D. C., as Chief of
the Aianufactures, Mines and Transportation
deiiartments.
JOSEPH EIBOECK.
Among the few journalists who have won dis¬
tinction in writing for the press in both the
leading languages in the United States is Joseph
JOSEPH EIBOECK,
NATIONAL CO.MMISSIONER FROM IOWA.
Eiboeck, the present editor and proprietor of
three journals—the Iowa Staats-Anzeiger, Der
Haus-Schatz and Sontags-post, of Des Moines,
Iowa. He was born in Szeleskut (Breitenbrunn),
Hungary, on the 23d of February, 1838. His
parents came to America in 1849, settling in
Dubuque, Iowa, where young Eiboeck learned
the printer’s trade and also English.
In 1859 he purchased the Elkader (Clayton
county, Iowa,) Journal, an English paper, which
he edited and published for thirteen years.
Mr. Eiboeck was one of the commissioners to
the World’s Columbian Exposition from Iowa,
and received high commendation for his active
work on the National Commission, particularly
in his persistent and effective advocacy of open¬
ing the gates of the Exposition on Sundays.
J. M. WEBSTER.
Mr. Webster was born in New Hampshire in
1849, where he lived until eighteen years of age;
then moved to Kansas where he was engaged in
the lumber business for several years. In 1873
he removed to Arizona, residing on Prescott, and
later in Tombstone, where he took quite an
active part in establishing law and order in that
wild mining town.
J. M. WEBSTER.
NATIONAL COMMISSION FROM NEW MEXICO.
In 1882 he settled in what is now Sierra county,
New Mexico, where he had mining interests.
In 1884 he was elected clerk of the Probate
Court and Recorder for Sierra county, which
office he occupied until January, 1893. He
was appointed a member of the World’s Co¬
lumbian commission in June, 1893, to fill the
vacancy caused by the removal of R. M. White.
HON. LEVERETT BRAINARD.
Mr. Brainard was born in Westchester S
ety, Colchester, Conn., Feb. 13, 1828, and
educated in the public schools and Ba
Academy in that town. From the age of thirt
years, when he was left in charge of the
homestead in Westchester on account of
death of his father, he has been the architec
his own success in life. He is at the head
the largest printing establishment in the st
In 1853 he became a resident of Harth
going there as the first secretary of the (
Fire Insurance Company. He remained v
this institution until he became one of
active partners of the firm of Case, Lockw
& Brainard Co. In 1890 he was appointed
HON. LEVERETT BRAINARD.
NATIONAL COMMISSIONER FROM CONNECTIOL'T
the head of the World’s Fair commission from
this state, his principal associate being ex-
Governor T. M. Waller. Mr. Brainard was ap¬
pointed chairman of the committee of manu¬
factures.
C. F. A. BIELBY.
Mr. Bielby was born in Little Falls, New
York, August 5th, 1848, and educated in the
common schools and the old academy of that
town. He entered the navy of the United States
in 1864 and served during the last year of the
war. Upon returning home he began his study
for the ministry of the Episcopal church,and was
ordained in 1875. For a number of years lie
was rector of the church of St. Marys in Buffalo.
He gave up the work of the ministry on ac¬
count of failing health and removed toDeLaiid,
Florida, 1883. In 1886 he was elected to the
legislature, the first rejmblican ever elected
from the county of Volusia. Two years later he
was elected as Senator from the 28th district.
He was nominated a World’s Fair commis¬
sioner by Gov. F. P. Henning and appointed
by president Harrison in 1891. Mr. Bielby is
a prominent and influential orange grower, a
director of the great marketing organization of
the growlers, the Florida Fruit Exchange, and
a trustee of the State Agricultural college.,
C. F. A. BIELBY,
NATIONAL COMMI.SSIONER FROM FLORIDA.
4^2
CA:\IPRELL*S ILIXSTEATED HISTORY OE THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAX EXPOSTTIOX.
HON. THOMAS SMITH,
FROM NEW JERSEY AND ALTERNATE MEMBER OF THE BOARD OF CONTROL.
jondon, England, January 18, 18135, and is in
NATIONAL COMMISSIONER
THOMAS SMITH.
Hon. Thomas Smith was a member of the
Comniittees on Classification, Manufactures,
BuildinQ:s and Grounds, and also alternate for
Gov. Thomas M. Waller, of Connecticut, on the
Board of Control. Mr. Smith was born in
the real estate business. He came to this
country when only eleven years of a.i^e, and has
resided in the city of Newark thirty-tive years.
Mr. Smith was elected County Commissioner
for the Fourth Ward of the City of Newark,
N. J., yearly for twelve years,and was a Commis¬
sioner of the Essex County Public Road Board
for five years. He has been three times in suc¬
cession elected to a seat in the New Jersey
Le,e:islature, and is now a member of that body,
and chairman of its Committee on Corporations.
Durinj^ Mr. Smiflds connection with the World’s
Columbian Exposition he was an ardent worker.
('AMri!ELi;S IIJ.rSTKATFJ) HISTOIIY OF THE AVOHLT)‘S rOLEMHIAX EXPOSITION.
Ii>I
NEW JERSEY AT THE EXPOSITION.
The old Washington headquarters at Alorris-
town, N. J., was substantially reproduced for a
state building, which was a very appropriate
selection, l)ecause under the roof of that his¬
torical shelter many noted men were entertained
in 1779-1780. Washington, Hamilton, Green,
Knox, Lafayette, Steuben, Kosciusko, Schuyler,
“ Light House,” Harry Lee, Putnam, Wayne,
as well as that Revolutionary traitor Benedict
Arnold, were all guests in this building.
It was not intended for exhibition purposes,
but more as a large club house for the conven¬
ience and (‘omfort of visitors.
The main entrance opened into a large assem¬
bly hall, two stories high with a circular balcony
Educational, $6,000; Transportation exhibit,
$5,000.
In Agricultural building New Jersey was
represented by 214 exhibiters showing wheat,
oats, corn, timothy, rye, grass, clover, pop corn,
buckwheat, hay, millet, sugar cane, sorgham,
peanuts, carrots, potatoes, tomato, watermelon,
anise and carrot seeds, and a large variety of
seeds, grains and grasses.
In Mines and Mining building were 105
exhibiters, showing magnetic and linionite iron
ores, shell marl, cretaceous fossils, rocks, ser¬
pentine calamine, zinc, minerals, sandstone,
gneiss, granite, marble, limestone, barite, con¬
glomerate, braprock, freestone, sand, marl, clay s,
glass, sand, kaolin, 6re clay, stoneware clay,
pottery clay, mica, asbestos, lime sand, terra
National Board Lady Managers: Mrs. Alar ’
E. Busselle, Airs. Alartlui B. Stevens;
nates: Airs. C.W . Compton, Airs. A. Al. bniith
National Commission: William J. Sewell
Thomas Smith; alternates: Fredericks Fish'
Edwin A. Stevens.
THE PLEASURE OF SIGHT SEEING
A great many people in the world school
themselves to seeing through the eyes of others
by reading their written descriptions, but they
do not in that way secure the real pleasure of
sight seeing. It is no doulrt true that the eyes
of different people are slightly different in focus
and this, perhairs, accounts for the various de¬
scriptions we have of the attractions at the
NEW JERSEY STATE BUILDING AT THE WORLD'S COLUMBIA]
looking ihnvn from the second story. The hall
contained a post-office, hat and cloak couider,
and a large open hre-place, with rooms specially
for the laditvs. On second lloor were parlors,
lavatories and bath-rooms, also similar rooms
for the commissioners.
The building was constructed of frame, cov¬
ered with chq)boards, ornamented with staff*.
Dimensions of the main buildinu- was olx57
feet, and each wing 16x21 feet. The two
piazzas were each 68 feet long by 16 feet wide
fat the widest part), so that the entire building
covered was J,949 scpiare feet.
State appropriations \vas $1:10,000. The
building cost $20,000; Agricultural exhibit,
$7,500; Alineral, $5,000; Horticultural, $5,000;
cotta clay, alum, clay, feldsijar.
In Horticultural department the state mai
line showing of fresh and canned fruits, bes
many features in the Floriculture exhibit.
The members of the New Jersey State Be
of Commissioners were: Stephen J. Ale-'
president; Edward Bettle, vice-president; A
t(w S. Lenox, secretary and treasurer; P
Hauck. Frederick A. Canfield, Alillard F. R
Garret A. Hobort, Peter E. Swartswellcr.
Lady Board of Alaiiagers: Airs Edwin !
vens, chairman; Airs. Thomas T. Kinney, v
chairman; Airs. Emily lYarren RoebI
.^w*retary; Airs. Robert Adrian, Aiiss Alarj
( lark. Aliss Rosa Alurry, Airs. Sarah G. AY
Airs. Charles B. AYirdley.
EXPOSITION.
Columbian Exposition.
The stereoscopic eff'ect with which a person
can see any objective reality with their own
eyes is entirely lost when seen simply through
the description of another; but to aid the reader
to fully appreciate the descriptive matter we
accompany these descriptions in most instances
with copper-plate engravings, which are exact
reproductions of the originals, which viewed in
connection with the text, presents perfect pic¬
tures to the mind.
The preservation of all that was interest¬
ing and beautiful, both in buildings and
exhibits, will act as an educator for the
public in learing to appreciate high art and
also tends to improve the mind.
1 .
('AMFHE]j;S ILLFSTFATED HISTOKY OF THE WORLirs (^OLUMIHAX EXFOSITIOX.
NEW JERSEY PAVILION AND EXHIBIT IN AGRICULTURAL DEPARTMENT.
VERMONT MAPLE SUGAR EXHIBIT
IN THE AGRICULTURAL DEPAR'J’MENT.
42r>
CAMPBP]LL’S JLLBSTRATED HISTORY OF THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
MAINE AT THE EXPOSITION.
The Maine state building occupied a ground
space of 65x65 feet, octagonal in form, two stories
in height, the roof surmounted by a lantern in
the center and four corner towers. The first
story was of granite and the exterior finish of
the rest of the building was in wood and staff;
the roof was covered with slate; the central
tower or lantern was 86 feet high,
Over the main entrance was a boat’s bow in
ornamental staff; the building had a rotunda
open to the roof with an ornamental colored
skylight. A railed gallery extending entirely
around the rotunda gave a complete view of the
building; the interior finishing was of very hand¬
some hal'd wood. The material used in build¬
ing was largely donated by citizens of Maine.
State appropriation was $59,000. Of this
amount the building cost $35,000; Agricultural
Mrs. Sarah H. Bixby, Miss Helen M. Staples.
National Commission; Augustus R. Bixby,
Win. Gr. Davis; alternates: James A. Boardman
and Clark S. Edwards.
National Commission: Walter Aik^n Oi i
D. McDuffe; alternates: George Va’n
Frank E. Kaley.
NEW HAMPSHIRE AT THE EXPOSI¬
TION.
The New Hampshire building was two stories
high, with pitched shingle roof broken by five
gables, in imitation of a Swiss cottage. Oc¬
cupied a ground space of 53x84 feet. The first
seven feet was built with New Hampshire gran¬
ite, the balance of exterior was weather-boarded
with staineci Georgia pine. Both stories were
surrounded on all sides by a wide piazza.
The state appropriation w^as $45,000, expended
as follows: Building, $20,000; Agricultural
exhibit, $850; Alineral, $500; Horticultural, $100;
Dairy, $1,500; Educational $950, Anthropolog-
VERMONT AT THE EXPOSITION
The Vermont State building was one of tD
most unique and attractive of any on tli
grounds, the style of architecture being Poni^^
eiian, so seldom seen in our western world
In front of the building were two shafts on
which were allegorical figures representing the
industries of agriculture and quarrying, the two
principal industries of the state.
The building was conveniently arranged, and
handsome specimens of Vermont marble were
largely used on the interior construction The
state appropriated $30,000. The building cost
$14,750; Agricultural exhibit, $2,000; Mhierai
maink state building at the exposition. '
exhibit, $1,000; Mineral, $500; Horticultural,
$1,000; Forestry, $100; Fisheries, $1,000; Educa-
Honal, $5,000; Live Stock,$100; Anthropological,
$700- Woman’s, $500; Transportation, $1,000;
W ild Animal, $500; Manufactures, $500.
In the Anthropological and Fisheries depart¬
ments the state made a very fine display, the
showing of stuffed animals being one of the
largest in the Anthropological building.
Membeis of the State Board of Commissioners
weic,. Hrdl C. Burleigh, president: Henry In¬
galls., vice president; Eva A. Parcher, secretary;
fJas. A. Boardman, treasurer; Chas. P Mattocks,
executive commissioner; Clark S. Edwards!
Augustus R. Bixby, Whn. G. Davis, D. J. Cal¬
lahan, Jos. P. Bass, Mrs. Kate May Andrews,
Mrs. Lucinda M. Bellows, Mrs. Agnes C. Paul!
National Board of Lady Managers: Mrs E.
C. Burleigh, Mrs. L. M. N. Stevens; alternates:
ical, $1,300; Woman’s, $400.
The exhibit in the Agricultural department,
was made by eighty-eight exhibiters, consisting
of rye, corn, barley, timothy, wheat, oats and
various other grasses, besides maple sugar,
maple syrup and leaf tobacco.
In Mines and Mining building were sixteen
exhibits of zinc, lead and silver ore, granite and
mica. The amount expended for other exhibits
plainly indicate that the state was well repre¬
sented in each department.
The members of the New Hampshire State
Hoard of Commissioners were: Charles H Ams
<len, Dvesident; George F. Page, vice president;
iliomas J. alker,secretary; Prank M. Rollins
treasurer; Elijah M. Shaw, executive commis’
sioner.
National Board Lady
B. F. Ladd, Mrs. Daniel
Managers: Mrs. Myra
Hall; alternates: Mrs.
exhibit, $800; Dairy exhibit, $1,300; Wool, $300;
and Fisheries, $100.
In the Agricultural building were sixty-six
exhibiters showing an extensive collection of
maple sugar and syriqjs, and a fine exhibit of
Vermont butter. In Mines and Mining build¬
ing were twenty exhibiters showing granite,
marble, and slate.
Members of the state board were; Gov. L. K.
Fuller, ex officio; H. H. McIntyre, secretary,
treas. and executive commissioner; B. B. Smal¬
ley, president; A. J. Sibley, and A. F. Walker.
National Board of Lady Managers: Mrs. Ellen
M. Chandler, Mrs. Elizabeth V. Grinnell; alter¬
nates: Mrs. Mina G. Hooker, and Mrs. Theresa
I. Cochrane.
National Commission: Henry H. McIntyre,
Bradley B. Smalley; alternates: A. F. Walker,
and A. J. Sibley.
CAMPBELT;S ILTXSTRATED history of the WORLD'S COLUMRIAX EXPOSITION
L
VERMONT STATE BUILDING AT THE WORLD’S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
NEW HAMPSHIRE STATE BUILDING AT THE WORLD’S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
PHOTOGRAPH OF ANIMAL EXHIBIT MADE BY MAINE IN THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL BUILDING, WORLD’S PAIR, SHOWING PORTION OP THE WARD NATURAL HISTORY EXHIBIT.
nr-
PHOTOGKAPH OF THE SIBEKIAN MASTODON IN THE AVARD NATURAL SCIENCE EXHIBIT, ANTHROPOLOGICAL BUILDING, AA^ORLD’S FAIR
CAMPBELL’S ILLIISTRATET) HISTORY OF THE ^^ ()RLT)’S COLTIMIHAN EXTTISTTTON.
THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL BUILDING.
No where iu the wide world has the old scrip¬
ture sayiiif^ “the last shall be first and the first
last,” been more pointedly illustrated than in
the construction of this building as to time and
a survey of the exhibits vvdiich it contained. The
buildiu'jf was not completed until the middle of
June, 1898, six weeks after the Exposition
opened, notwithstanding it was to house what
to many educators was the most imi)ortant ex¬
hibit that could possibly be shown, namely:
the departments of Ethnolotry, Archmolo^y,
Anthropology, Laboratory, History and Nat¬
ural History.
The building' was 415 feet lon,<r and 255 feet
wide, with a ‘>'allery 48 feet wide on all four
sides. Thirty thousand square feet of the first
floor was occupied by the Hygiene and Sanita-
several exhibits from Asia, Africa and the Pacific
Islands.
Then came the large and interesting exhibits
from New South Wales, the collective exhibits
of Dyer and Ayer, which led to the special col¬
lections made by the department, illustrating
the Ethnology of the northwestern coast of
America, Queen Charlotte’s Island, Vancouver,
etc. Here was shown a complete model of the
village of Skidegate with all its houses and
totem poles. Crossing the aisle to the south
wei'e several collections illustrating the habits
and customs of various tribes of North American
Indians. On the east side of the main aisle was
the Canadian exhibit, and Logan Collective ex¬
hibit. Turning south were found the Ohio,
Missouri, Colorado and various other exhibits,
including special collections from New Mexico,
Colorado, Wisconsin, Michigan, Illinois, Indiana,
In the gallery were the department offices
laboratories and aioparatus used in tlie art of
Anthropology, Neurology and Psychology,where
special tests were made, skulls, maps, charts
and diagrams showing the physical character^
istics of the various races. The whole
of the southern gallery was filled with the ex¬
hibit of Ward's Natural Science establishment
of Rochester, New York, which was a perfect
museum of natural history, contained all forms
of aninicd life, fiom the sponges to man all
admirably classified. Other fine exhibits of
Natural History and Taxidermy were also in
gallery, particularly noticeable were those of the
Province of Ontario, states of New York, Maine
Pennsylvania, Ohio, Colorado, North Dakota
and the Brazilian exhibit.
Wisconsin had a very interesting display of
Indian relics in the north end of the building.
THE anthropological BUILDING,
AT THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
tion and the Charities and Correction exhibits
which belonged to the department of Liberal
Arts. The remainder of the floor was filled with
Arclueological and Ethnological exhibits of
several foreign countries, state boards and
individuals and collections made by the agents
of the department, who were sent to various
parts of North, Central and South America, to
make special explorations and researches.
Near the main north entrance were several
collections illiistrafing the ancientart of Assyria,
pf and Rome, and near by on the main
aisle was the exhibit of the government of
Greece supplemented by collections from the
Chicago xVrt Aluseum. Beyond were several
groiijis of objects from the museums of Vienna
and Bm-lin, also the Egyptian and Japanese
exhibits. Passing northward from these were
Tennessee, Arkansas, Florida and the Ohio and
Delaware Valleys.
Important exhibits from Mexico, Costa Rica
and Central America, the Charnay, Peabody
and Berlin Museum exhibits were very interest¬
ing. The collection of singular sculptures, tab¬
lets and hieroglyphs were never before equaled,
and afforded the student a rare opportunity for
careful examination and scientific deduction
The collections from South America, Ecuador,
Club, Peru and Bolivia illustrated the arts and
customs of the ancient people of those countries.
he ancient Peruvian burial place at Aucon
was reproduced in a relastic manner. There
were also large and interesting Ethnological ex-
iibits sent by the governments of British
Gimna, Paraguay and Brazil, illustrating the
native people of those countries.
There were several cases filled with specimens
of the stone arrow heads and hatchets used by
the early aborigines. There were many speci¬
mens of shells and skulls taken from the
mounds in different jDarts of the state, one case
being filled with jewels, rings, ornanienfs, arms,
together with the skull and hair of a Chipiiewa
Indi an woman.
In the east gallery Pennsylvania had an
exhibit of birds and animals arranged in trees
and among the rocks so as to represent the dif¬
ferent species in their native elements. The
whole had the appearance of a “ happy family ”
in the animal and fowl kingdoms.
In the southwest part of the building on the
main floor could be seen the first electrocution
chair used in New York for the execution of
criminals by electricity. It was a very simple
CAMI'BE1J;S ILIX’STKA’fEI) HISTORY OF THE WORLD'S OOLUJIIUAX EXPOSITIONL
looking contrivance and, to the ordinary obser¬
ver, it appeared to be a harmless cliair, in which
anyone might sit without much danger. The
only evidence of its fatal nature was the attach¬
ments at the base of the spine and the head
whereby the electric fluid is transmitted through
the victim, and the straps by wdiich he is bound
to the chair.
To the student of ancient civilization and
barbarism the Anthropological and Ethnological
exhibit made at the World’s Fair was a mine of
interest and information. Never before had
there been brought together such a complete
exhibit of this kind. Prof. Putnam secured
relics from all countries and ages, so that
the visitor was able to see at a glance the
customs, industries, methods and habits of
people living at the same period but in diiferent
climes and environments. Articles of warfare
and husbandry were to be seen that date back
several thousand years before Christ.
Perhaps the most interesting things
in this exhibit, to the average person,
were the collection of mummies from
Egypt and other countiies.
There was one fact demonstrated
by this exhibit, and this is that the
relics from the countries showing an
ancient civilization weie, to a certain
extent, similar and led one to conclude
that at some time in the past these
people must have been of one family
and race. Their separation and sub¬
sequent modes of living and the
climatic conditions eventually divided
them into new races.
The originals and reiDroductions of
some of the oldest Grecian statuary
was a feature of much interest to
those who admire the old school of
sculptors.
An instructive display in the Eth¬
nological division was the reproduc¬
tion of the ancient races. These
were figures costumed in the style
prevailing at the time they lived.
Each figure rei3resented a distinct
race, the skin being colored in the
exact shade of the original aborignes.
One characteristic noticeable among
the different races was the contour of
the face and body, especially the
former. An illustration of these
figures can be found on the first page
of the educational exhibit in this work.
In the southwest gallery of the
Anthropological building could be
seen the exhibit made by the state of
Maine.' It consisted of a fine display
of stuffed animals, arranged in such a manner
as to give the appearance of being actually
alive. There were about forty-five specimens,
consisting of bear, dear, moose, wolves, wild¬
cats, caribou, porcupine, and a large number of
the smaller carniverous animals.
The exhibit occupied about 1,500 square feet
of space and was enclosed with a rustic fence
built of timber native to that state. The speci¬
mens of moose and caribou were among the
largest at the Fair, and were fine representatives
of that animal once so prevalent in Maine, but
now practically extinct.
At the close of the Exposition this great
exhibit, or the large part of it, was either given
to the Columbian museum or purchased by the
directors for that institution. The Ward Science
exhibit was one of the most valuable collections
obtained by the museum. Besides the collec¬
tions from the Anthropological departments
various interesting features coming directly
under this head but not in the building during
the Exposition were given to the museum.
The value of the immense collection which
represented the work of a lifetime for more
than one man can not be estimated. The
money valuation would be small, but the price¬
less value of some of the relics make them
almost equal their weight in gold.
Those who were not fortunate enough to see
this exhibit during the Exposition can in future
have an ample opportunity in the new museum.
PROF. F. W. PUTNAM.
As chief of the Anthropological department
at the World’s Columbian Exposition, Mr. Put¬
nam filled a conspicuous position and one that
called into activity all his resourceful powers.
as well as his wide knowledge of anthropology
and ethnology.
Put at the head of the department early in
the history of the Exposition, he at once began
the collection of an exhibit which not only
proved to be the largest ever brought together in
one place, but contained some of the most
precious and valuable relics of which the world at
large never dreamed was in existence. In order
to accomplish his plans it was necessary to send
representatives to every part of the world and
draw on the museums and private collections in
every country.
Exhibits for his department began arriving
long before the ground was broken on which
the home of the great display should stand.
With indefatigable zeal and industry he ar¬
ranged to care for them until the building
should be completed and ready to receive them.
481
The collection, classification and arrangement
of all the vast store of curious and wonderful
things that formed the exhibit was a herculean
task, and required the active and personal
supervision of Mr. Putnam at all times, ^
Although the building was very late in being
completed Mr. Putnam had his exhibit in place
soon after the opening of the Exposition. It
was then seen what a vast undertaking it had
been and the individuality of the man was shown
in the result of his labors.
During the season of the Fair Mr. Putnam
was constantly endeavoring to add to the value
and attraction of his department. The thous¬
ands of relics from every clime and nation was
his offering to the educational features (ff the
great Exposition. That he succeeded in making
it one of the leading departments at the Fair
all were willing to concede.
Leaving his duties at Harvard College to take
charge of this department he deserves
the credit due all men who make a
success of what they attempt to do.
EXPOSITION AS AN EDUCATOR
That the World’s Columbian Ex¬
position was one of the greatest
schools ever instituted is beyond the
shadow of a doubt. As an educator,
for the great mass of humanity, it
never had an ecpial. Thousands of
pupils have read and siiulii'd for
years about the wonderful things
found in nature and product'd in the
arts and mechanics. At the Pair they
had an opportunity to see all these
wonderful things. One day spend
among the curious works of nature
found in the Fish and Fisheries
building was worth a wlnfie year’s
reading about them.
The American people, as a class,
know very little about those of other
nations. Volumes have been written
on the Chinese, Japanese, Arabs,
Egyptians, Javanese, Malays, Turks
and the more savage and semi-civil¬
ized people of the old world. One
day’s journey along Midway plaisance
was worth a hundred volumes of
written descriptions of these peoiile,
their customs and mode of living.
Descriptions of the beautiful plants
and flowers and wonderful trees to l)e
found in the equatorial zone have
produced in the minds of thousands
(ff readers a vague and indefinite
idea as to the exact appearance of
those plants. One trip through the Horticultural
department of the Exposition was equal to a
journey through the flowery kingdoms border¬
ing on the equator, the more i)ractical, if less
beautiful products of the tenq)erate zones, and
the sturdy and scant vegetation of the colder
climes.
No branch of industry was ferrgotten. It
mattered not what might have been a man’s or
woman’s vocation in life, there they could find
what would instruct and interest them. As an
educator the World's Fair stood alone. Within
the gates of the “ White City” was hj be found
the coml)ination of all that is Ix'st in the great
system of (nlucation, from the kindergarten to
the greatest universities in the world. What is
best of all is that this wonderful school was
open to the rich and poor alike. None w'ere
barred out.
PROF. F. W. PUTNAM,
CHIEF OF THE nEPAKTMENT OF ETHNOLOGY,
4..J.2 (!,UIPr»ELL’S ILLUSl
ANTIQUITIES OF YUCATAN.
The students of arclueolo^O' much to
interest them in the exhibit of aiiticjuitien of
Yucatan at the World’s Pair. Tdiis is a country
that we know very little about, and heretofoie
have seemed to (.'are less. It was Mi. EdN\aid
II. Thompson, consul of the United States to
Merida, Yucatan, that we are in most part in¬
debted for the interesting.^ exhibit made from
this country.
Reference to the map of Mexico will show a
small pf'idnsula at tlie extreme southeast por¬
tion of that country, washed on the north side
l)y the watersof the Gulf of Mexico and on the
south by the Caribbean sea. This is Yucatan,
a province of Mi'xici.). It has an aiea of tdiout
:-30,00() .S(]uare miles and a poindation of d00,000,
ct)nsistialmost (uitirely of the Maya race,
which was found there at the time of its dis-
rated }aSTORY OF THE AVORt.D-8 (’01,1
covered seventeen new srronps and found relics
and remains of ruined castles showing that those
ancient people, whoever they were and where
they came from, had a distinct civilization fai
above anything to be found on the North
American continent. ^ • -i- i
History informs us that a highly civilized
race, the Toltecs, arrived in Mexico in 648 from
the north, and that after remaining in Analiuac
about one hundred years, m which time they
built monuments and castles and showed a sup¬
erior civilization, they suddenly and mysterious¬
ly disapiieared. There is no recoid to show
wliere they went, but some historians think they
joiirned southward, settling in Central America,
and some even tinding their way into South
America, from which the Peruvians may have
sprung.
This theory would account for the ancient
oeonle who left 4 ucatan so rich in anti(j[uities.
Mill AX EXPOSITION,
cars in the city, all owned and controlled hy
the native iiopulation, liesides many other iia
provements and advancements the same as
found in our own country.
The chief wealth is its henequen. This heiie-
quen or Yucatan hemp, as it is generally called
but which is not hemp at all, but the fiber of
the plant (ujave sitfdlensis, which grows in pro¬
fusion in the country. This fiber is obtained
by the natives from the leaves of this plant and
baled, the greater bulk of it going to the United
States, and is used in making sack-cloth, ham¬
mocks, rope, etc. Over $7,000,000 ivorthof this
fiber is exported every year.
Mr. Thompson reproduced sectionsof some of
these buried castles for the Exposition, chief
among which were the ruins of Uxmal and the
temple of Laima.
In order to do this he had prepared a special
kind of papier mache, with which fie took per-
PRE HISTORIC RUINS OF YUCATAN, REPRODUCED IN THE SOUTH EAST PORTION
covery by the Spaniards. The capital and
lirinciiial city is Merida, which has a population
of about 50,000, consisting of Spanish, a few
repri'sentatives of other foreign countries, and
the native iVIayas.
It is of its ancient people and civilization that
we more particularly wish to speak. At the
present time that portion of Yucatan which is
settled and occiipital consists of a strip about
ninety miles along the coast, bordering on the
(Tiilf of jMexico and t'xteiuliug back to the Serra
Alta mountains. The mountainous regions of
the interior is one vast area covered with dense
forests, ricdi in treasures for the arclueologist.
iMr. Thonqison, who is an enthusiast on the
(juestion of ancient Yucatan, has devoted all his
spare time tluriiig the nine years he has been
consul to that country in explorations. In this
time he has visited over sixty ruined cities, dis-
No doubt the Toltecs found their way into this
country, and as the castles and monuments that
now lie buried beneath the jungles of the forests
of Yucatan were built of limestone and marble,
and to all apxiearances are over a thousand years
old, the time of their mysterious disaxqiearance
from Anahuac, a more northern portion of
Mexico, would allow of them settling in Yucatan
and there building iqi the cities, now being un¬
covered by the enthusiastic archaeologist.
One thing Mr. Thompson wishes to make
lilain to the world is the fact that the native
lieoiile, the Mayas, who are no doubt descend¬
ants of that once mighty race, instead of being
a semi-savage, indolent and inferior class of
people, are just the opposite. • They have a
sux)erior intelligence, are industrious and x)ro-
gressive. There are five lines of railroads cen¬
tering in Merida, besides several lines of street
OF THE EXPOSITION GROUNDS.
feet molds of all the ruins he wished to repro¬
duce. He sx)ent seventeen months making tie
collections, five of his men dying of jungle
during that time, the disease almost ending ns
life. From these molds he had every stoiie,
wfitli all its thieroglyxihical inscrixitions, leiiio
duced in the staff work at the Exposition
grounds, xiainting them the exact coloi sliovvn
in their original state. He erected these luins
just west of the Forestry building at the south¬
east end of the grounds. _
The exhibit was of great historical interes
to all those who have visited this
of Mexico, and also those contemp atiUr,
taking such a trixi. It gave conclusive evi
dence of a jire-historic jieople siqieiioi to an>
at jiresent inhabiting that country, and siowe^
a civilization that was far in advance o si
rounding countries.
INTERIOR VIEW OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL BUILDING, SHOWING ARRANGEMENT OP EXHIBITS FROM DIFFERENT COUNTRIES.
(jAMI'IJHLI/S ILLUSTRATI^^f) HISTOI^V OF THR WORLD'S (MMAIMIOAX FXROSITIOX.
PENOBSCOT INDIAN'S BIRCH-BAEK WIGWAMS, ANTPIROPOLOGICAL EXHIBIT.
CAM?r.ELi;S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE WORLD'S COITTMIHAX EXPOSITION.
VIEW OF PLAZA EAST OF GOVERNMENT BUILDING.
COLORADO CLIFF DWELL¬
ERS EXHIBIT.
Everywhere is to be seen some artistic and
attractive feature outside of the buildings. It
may be in that triumph of the landscape gar-
derer and floricuUAirist, the wonderful Wooded
Island. It may be in that massive and colossal
structure whose roof covers forty-four acres, the
great Manufactures and Liberal Arts building.
It may be in the inland lakes and lagoons, cov¬
ered with fowls and gondolas and electric
barges. It may be in the Court of Honor,
guarded at one end by the great fountains and
the other by the Statue of Liberty, while on
either side arise stately edifices that outshine
the greatest temples of ancient Greece or Rome.
It may be all these, and yet there are many
more that help to make the visitor pause in won¬
der and admiration at every step.
Go where you will in any part of the grounds,
look at the buildings from any point of obser¬
vation, and the harmonizing effect is just the
same. There seems to be no discord in the
architectural features anywhere. Such beauty
and attractiveness are admired by the many
visitors, who look on with wonder and
amazement.
IN THE U. S. BUILDING.
The popularity of the exhibit
made ])y the Government in its
building is shown by the great
throng (T visitors to be seen in
the building from early morn¬
ing until it is closed at night.
There can be found something
of interest to everybody. The
artist, the mechanic, the stu¬
dent, the farmer, in fact every
trade and profession can find
much that will benefit them.
The section of the mastodon
tree seen in the center of the
building is visited by thousands
every day, and many are the ex¬
pressions of wonder at its colos¬
sal size. The exhibit made by
the Smithsonian Institute is not
equalled in any building on the
grounds. It needs to be seen to
be appreciated. An exhibit of
coral specimens in the fisheries
department is very beautiful.
An exhibit of much interest to
the student of the aboriginal
races once inhabiting the Uni¬
ted States was that of the Cliff
Dwellers of Colorado. The
customs, pursuits, weapons and
utensils of the race
were shown to an advantage in
the collective exhibit made.
Battle Rock Alountain, in the
MacElmo Valley of Colorado
was rei^roduced, as showing the
most famous home of these
burrowing people. The exhibit
was made of stone, wood, iron
and staff, arranged to imitate
nature as near as possible. The
entrance was through a cave in
in the side of the mountain.
On the interior was to be seen
many forms of vegetable life,
jjeculiar to that region. Relics
of the jicojile consisting of mum¬
mies, cooking and hunting uten¬
sils and various other relics were to be found.
Several small donkeys or burros were a ^lart
of the exhibit. These animals are used in
climbing mountains, being so sure-footed as to
seldom make a mistej).
Another interesting exhibit near the Cliff
Dwellers, was that of several Indian villages.
A Penobscot tribe from Maine exhibited several
of their birch-back tents and canoes. There
was also an Iroquois exhibit of tents and a
few members of that once iiowerful race of
New York Indians.
VIEW LOOKING NORTH FROM TRANSPORTATION BUILDING.
OUTSIDE ATTRACTIONS.
Among the several million people v/ho have
already visited the Fair are hundreds of thou¬
sands who admired the external beauty of the
Exposition grounds and buildings, equally as
much as they did the exhibits in the buildings.
The artistic arrangement of the grounds and
landscape work in Jackson Park, and the won¬
derful creations in architecture shown by the
great palaces are sufficient to attract every visi¬
tor who has been or may be at the Fair, regard¬
less of what may be found in the buildings.
VIEW OF WOODED ISLAND FROM NORTH END OF MANUFACTURES BUILDING.
CA^iri’.KI.I/S II,M-STI?ATKI) IITSTCRA' OF THE WORLD’S COLUAIBIAX EXPOSITIOX,
MRS. E. W. ALLEN,
LADA" MANAOKii FROM 0RE;G0A’.
MRS. FRANCIS. E. BAGLEY,
LADY MANAGER AT LARC-E FROM MICHIGAN.
MRS. EDWIN C. BURLEIGH,
LADY M.AN.AGER FROM MAINE.
MRS. JONAS N. FRENCH,
LADY MANAGER PROM MASSACHUSETTS
CAMPP>ELi;S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE WORLD'S ('OLIMHIAX EXPOSITIOX.
■ ■*
------ - ■ . l a
MRS. M. D. OWINGS,
LADY MANAGER PROM WASHINGTON.
MRS, EDWIN C. BURLEIGH.
The second vice presidency of the Board of
Lady Managers was accorded to New England.
The choice fell by nnaninious consent upon Mrs.
Mary Bither Burleigh, the accomplished wife of
Governor Burleigh of Maine.
Her name was preseided for that position to
the full Board of Lady Managers by Mrs. Isa¬
bella Beecher Hooker of Connecticut in behalf
of the New England members. It was a nomina¬
tion that met with the cordial approbation of
the members of the Board among whom Mrs.
Burleigh had won general esteem.
Mrs. Burleigh was the daughter of Benjamin
and Anna Tyler Bither. She was born in Lin-
neus, Maine. The home of her parents was
one noted for its generous hospitality. No per¬
son, high or low, rich or poor ever went away
from its doors, who did not carry with him a
kindly remembrance of Mr. and Mrs. Bither and
the mendiers of the family.
In 1890 she was appointed by President Pal¬
mer a member of the Board of Lady Managers
for the State of Maine. In the work of the Board
she took an active interest.
MRS. E. W. ALLEN.
Mrs. E. W. Allen, daughter of the late Solo-
MRS. w. B. McConnell,
LADY MANAGER FROM NORTH DAKOTA.
moil Blood, M. D. was born in Rochester, Wis¬
consin, where the greater part of her childhood
was spent. Removing with her parents to Owa-
tonna Minnesota, she there continued her studies
in a private sc-hool of high standing. In 1808 she
became the wife of Ethan AY. xLllen with whom
she afterward removed to Marshalltown, Iowa.
Since 1882 Portland, Oregon has been their
home. Wherever they have lived they have al¬
ways been actively engaged in Christian and
benevolent work, both local and national.
She has also done active service herself, re¬
presenting her adopted state as Lady Commis¬
sioner from Oregon at the Exjposition held iii
New Orleans in 1885, and being at the head of
the ladies’ department of the North Pacific In¬
dustrial Exposition located in Portland, Oregon.
Having seen so much of Expositions and their
grand results she was an able worker on the
Board of Lady Managers from Oregon.
MRS. M. D. OWINGS.
Mrs. M. D. Owings, one of the Lady Managers
for the state of Washington to the ^Vorld’s
Columbian Commission, was born and reared in
MRS. GEORGE WILSON KIDDER,
LADY MANAGER FROM NORTH CAROLINA.
Washington, D. C., and was married in that city
in 1871."
She resided in various parts of the United
States from the date of the marriage until March,
1877, when she went to the state of Washington
—then territory—where she has since resided.
Her husband was appointed secretary of the
territory in 1876, holding the office for more
than twelve vears.
Mrs. Owings has been prominent in many re¬
forms as well as holding a high place in tlie
social and political circles of the state. She was
appointed lady manager by Hon. Henry Drum
without her knowledge. Mrs. Owings labored
incessantly with the legislature of the state for
ail appropriation of $100,000 to have her state
properly represented at the Exposition.
MRS. GEORGE WILSON KIDDER.
Mrs George Wilson Kidder, Lady Manager
for North Carolina was born in the state she
represented, and where for three centuries her
ancestors have resided and been honored.
Representing that state of the famous “Thir¬
teen,” in which the first English colonies were
MRS. ALICE HOUGHTON,
LADY MANAGER FROM WASHINGTON.
planted, she was made chairman of the commit¬
tee on colonial exhiliit with the duty of illustra¬
ting at the Exposition, liy a loan c*ollection, tin'
mode of life, and state of civilization, existing
in the colonies, prior to, and during Hie Revolu¬
tion. This exhibit in the rotunda of the Gov¬
ernment building attractc'd much intelligi'iit
attention, and attesti'd lu'r fidelity and ability
in the discharg(> of her duty.
MRS. ALICE HOUGHTON.
Mrs. Alice Houghton, the wife of State Sena¬
tor Houghton, has the distincticn of being
the only lady in S])okane who is actively en¬
gaged as a real estate dealer. Mrs. Houghton,
nee Ide, was born in Montreal, Canada, and
moved with her family to Durand, Pepin county,
Vdis. She reeeived her education in that (dty
and married there.
In Se 2 it('mber, 1884, she went to Sjiokam'
Falls, and in the siiring of 1887 she coinmenci'd
sxieculating in n'al estate. The following year
she ojiened a real estate office, and from that,
time has pursued the calling with most remark¬
able success. She has demonstrated that a lady
can be as successful in business enterjirises as t lie
sterner sex. Her work as Lady Manager from
Washington, was characteristic of her usual
progressive spirit.
MRS. F. H. HARiaSON,
LADY MANAGER FROM WYOMING
CAMPBPOLL’S II
iLLSTRATEI) HISTORY OF THE AVORLD’S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
HON. AlARK L. AIcDONALD.
Alark L. AIcDonaLl (T* Santa Rosa, California,
Coininibsioner-at-Large from the Pacific Slope,
was born in Washington county, Kentucky,
where lie spent his early life. He graduated
from Union College, New Aork, in 1859, and
S(Jon after went to California, cro.ssing the plains
behind a mule team that consumed one hundred
days in making the journey.
After reaching California he engaged in vari¬
ous lines of business, being for a long time a
broker. He afterward went into politics, being
his magnincent pliysiipie made him a con-
spicous figure in any gathering. Mr. McDonald
jocularly attributes his size to the fact that he
indulged very lightly in the products of his
native state, whisky and tobacco, but consumed
immense quantities of limestone water.
Air. AIcDonald was one of the first and warm-
f./lvT/fPS f)f tlie Columbian Exiiosition, and
a speech made by him at a banquet held at the
Palmer House in this city, in the interest of the
Fair, was printed in almost every paper in the
country, and did much to awaken enthusiasm
and create a sentiment of interest and confidence
representation to the women of every state and
territory, and was at all times their support
advocate and champion in the Commission.
Air. AIcDonald was a prominent niemherof
the Executive Committee of the Commission and
of the Committee on Alines and Alining.
was one of the most active members of the Coin
initlee on Awards, which was one of very great
importance to the Exposition because of its inti-
mate bearing upon the interests of all exhibiters
foreign and domestic. Air. AIcDonald has the
distinction of having suggested the creation of
and being Chairman of the Sub-Committee on
HON. MAKK L. McDOXALD,
COMMISSIONER-AT-L.\KGE FROM CALIFORNIA.
the Democratic candidate for United States
Senator from California. In 18f)() he was married
to Aliss Ralphine North, of Natchez, Alississippi,
who has ever since been his constant and de¬
voted companion.
In personal appearance Air. AIcDonald was
one of the most striking men in the Commission.
He is very tall, being six feet four and one-half
inches, and towered alongside of Air. Alassey, of
Delaware, away above the heads of his fellow
Commissioners. Nor is his size confined to
height alone, but is of goodly proportions, and
ill the great enterprise. From the first Air. Ale.
Donald was a tireless worker, and was in attend¬
ance at every roll call of the Commission. He
devoted his entire time to the interests of the
Exposition, and was ever ready and eager to pro¬
mote and further its purposes. He represented
the great interests west of the Rocky Alountains,
and his duties were large and arduous. Air.
AIcDonald was one of the Committee on Per¬
manent Organization, and while a member of
that committee, presented the resolution estab¬
lishing the Board of Lady Alanagers, giving
Awards, having cnarge of Department B, whose
special province included the Horticultural de¬
partment. It is to this committee that he bent
his energies, and for its interests he labored
constantly and assiduously, not forgetting in
the meantime however to do anything in Ins
power to aid the work in any of its branches.
Withal, Air. AIcDonald was one of the most
persevering and effective workers in tl>6
Commission, his efforts being at all times
directed to the success of the World’s Col¬
umbian Exposition.
CAMPBELL’S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE WORLl)*S (H)LUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
HON. M. H. DE YOUNG.
ivl. H. de Young, the well known Californian,
whose reputation has long been a national one,
was born in St. Louis in 1848. At the age of
five years he was taken across the plains by his
parents, with his brother Charles. The family
took up its residence in San Francisco, on the
streets of which city Mr. de Y'oung as a boy sold
newspapers.
Mark Twain, Prentice Mulford and Charles
Warren Stoddard were enticed by its enterpris¬
ing editors, and they made the paper “go” in a
way that startled their older rivals.
When Charles de Young died, in 1880, M. H.
de Young became sole owner of the Chronicle
and has ever since been its chief editor.
As a business man Mr. de Young has been
phenomenally successful, and his fortune runs
up into the millions. As a man of the public
counsel carried the commissioners over a great
deal of rough ground.
Mr. de Young was one of the first to suggest a
Midwinter Exposition for California. It was to
his energy and enterprise that the fair grew
from a suggestion to a reality. He was foremost
in all the preliminary work, his suggestions
being followed, with the result that tlie Pacific
coast Exposition was an assured success from
its inception.
HON. M. H. DE YOUNG,
DIRECTOR GENERAL CALIFORNIA MIDWINTER EXPOSITION.
With Charles de Young he started a small
paper called the Democrat Chronicle from which
has grown the great journal now known through¬
out the land as the San Francisco Chronicle. It
was a bright sheet, even in its earliest days,
and though for a considerable time it depended
on its advertising patronage for support, it con¬
tained enough good reading matter to give it a
fine start. Such pens as those of Brete Harte,
he has been even more fortunate. He has been
both a national committeeman and a delegate
to republican national conventions. His advice
carries great weight in the councils of his party
and both iiersonally and through his paper he
wields a great influence.
As one of the vice presidents of the World’s
Columbian Exposition he was a most prominent
figure in the meetings of the board and his
When the fair became a reality it was the nat¬
ural sequence that Mr. de Young should receive
the appointment of Director General. It was
his masterful hand at the helm which guided
the enterprise to success in so short a time, so
that his name will be as inseparably connected
with the Midwinter Exposition as is that of
George R. Davis with the World’s Columbian
Exposition.
410
CAMrBP:Ll/S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE AVORLD’S COLmiBIAX EXPOSITION.
CALIFORNIA AT THE FAIR.
With her usual progressivness California took
foremost rank among the states exhibiting at
the World’s Fair Since the residents of that
state have turned their attention to the great in¬
dustry for which her climate and soil are best
adapted they have taken the lead as fruit and
wine producers.
Thf' Iniilding itself, standing as it did at the
junction of Hidway plaisance and Stony Island
avenue, one of th(( finest situations in the Park,
was a Ix'autiful and striking inonunient to Cali¬
fornian architi'cture. The extreme oddity and
peculiar shaiie and construction of the building
made it one of tlie most attractive of tlie grouj)
of state buildings. It was modeled after tlie
old Missions found in California, and at each
corner and at (dther side of the main entrance
were scpiare towers which were very like the
It also had another distinction, in being not
merely a headquarters for Californians, but a
building in which the natural 'resources of the
state were shown. Standing at the head of
all fruit-producing states her exhibit of citrus
and deciduous fruits was one of the great
attractions during the continuance of the Fair.
With commendable enterprise and an eye to
the future of the state the commission having
charge of her exhibit left nothing undone
whereby California could be brought promi¬
nently before the world as the best country for
the honieseeker.
The affairs of the state, as regards the Exposi¬
tion, were very ably conducted by the following
gentlemen, who constituted the state board:
Hon. Irving M. Scott, president; Hon. James D.
Phelan, vice-president;Capt. ThomasH. Thomp¬
son, secretary; Hon. John Daggett, Hon.
Augustus T. Hatch, Hon. Robert McMurry and
with all others in her several displays. Th‘
was especially so in the Horticultural
partment.
The wide range of her exhibit was its most re
markable feature. It included palm trees
century old, red-wood trees, the giants of the
vegetable world, of which every schoolboy has
read; a grove of orange trees, date and banana
trees in bearing; rubber, bread, custard, cmv
citron, coconut and canqihor trees; loquat’
pomegranate, guava, lime and lemon trees’
myriads of tropical plants in countless varieties
of form; fruits of all the varieties grown under
the sun; fruits fresh and fruits canned, dried
crystalized and preserved; fruits in every form’
natural and commercial—all these were a part of
the exhibit, but only a small part. Vegetables
of prodigious proportion, such as only Califor¬
nia can grow; cereals of all kinds; indigenous
grasses and fibrous plants. The mineral dis-
PIIOTCCtRAPII OF CALIFORNIA STATE BUILDING AT THE WORLD'S
belfries that graced the ancient Missions. In
the center was a great dome that rose high
above the main roof. All around this dome
was a beautiful tropical garden containing
palms, fruits and tiowers, growing high upon the
roof of the main building, and making one of
the most novel and interesting exhibitions on
till' grounds.
The main building, inclusive of the galleries,
contained 100,000 sipiare feet of space, where
mountains of luscious fruit, banks of gorgeuus-
hned flowers and o-reen palms, piles and cabi¬
nets of pivcious ores and rocks and myriads
of other things which only California can pro¬
duce and whicli only the vast enterprise of the
inhabitants of its sun-kis.sed valleys knew how
to display to an astonished and admiring world.
Tlie building cost §75,000, A. Page Brown, of
Ban Franciso, being the architect.
Hon. S. J. Rose. The state board of Lady
Managers included the following ladies: Mrs.
John A Reed, Mrs. Virginia S./Bradley, Mrs.
Amelia M Marcellas, Mrs. Ella S. Cummins,'
Mrs. E. O. Smith, Mrs. Dr. Wilder, and Airs.
Flora M. Kimball.
The National Commi.ssioiiers were M. H. De¬
Young, of San Francisco, 2nd vice-president of
the National Commission, and William Forsyth,
of Fresno, George Hazelton and Russ d’
Stephens, alternates. The Lady Alanagers in
the National Board were Mrs. Parthenia P. Rue
and Mrs. J.. R. Deane, with Mrs. Frona E. Wait
and Mrs. Ben. C. Truman, alternates
Not^ content with the magnificent showim--
made in her own building she occupied space
in many of the department buildings In
the Agricultural, Horticultural, Forestry and
Mining departments the state took rank
COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
play, too, covered nearly every metal and minerf
know'll in this country, and was one of the mos
comprehensive exhibits of the kind eve
made.
Of dried fruits the dis^jlay included raisiiif
figs, prunes, peaches, apricots, plums, nectarines
pears, and citron. The list of nuts shown com
prise English walnuts. Eastern black walnut.^
California black walnuts, jiecans, peanuts, Jap
anese chestnuts, almonds, and pinones.
Under the lieading of farm products there w’ai
the following wide range: Beans, potatoes
onions, wiieat, barley, corn, Egyiitian corn
oats, sorghum, broomcorn, cotton, ramie, wool
castor beans, honey, bamboo. In the miiiera.
line the variety is equally remarkable. It in¬
cludes gold, silver, lead, antimony, copper,
gypsum, iron, asphalt, sulphur, salt, petroleum,
brax, nickel, and kaolin.
y:
y
rAVTLTON AND EXHIBIT MADE BY THE WOMEN OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA, IN THE CALIFORNIA STATE BUILDING
4t2
CAMFBP^LL’S Il.LUSTRATEl) HISTORY OF THE WORLD'S COLIMBIAX EX10Sl I10^.
THE SAN FRANCISCO ROOM.
CALIFORNIA POPPY ROOM.
Her poppies iling a cloth of gold
O'er California's hills,
Pit eiiibiciu of the wealth untold
That hill and vale and plain unfold
Her fame the whole world tills.—I)i Vkknon.
The abeve was tlie sentiment inscribed on a
lar^e silken V)aiiner tliat occupied a camspicnons
place in the California buildijig which was
altotted to the chosen as the
floral emblem of the state. The fame of the
room extended far and wide. At no time dur¬
ing the Exposition was it possible to pass that
room without elbowing through an admiring-
cr(jwd. No state had a flower so typical as the
one of the Golden State; it is most gorgeous in
its hue, combining seven brilliant shades of
yellow, is more satiny in its texture than any
flower that blooms, giving it a richne.ss and a
glory that typifies the richness and the glory of
the state.
One of the finest rooms at the Fair was the
reception room in the California building.
The entrance to this room was through gates
made of illuminated and fire-etched leather and
carved red-wood, all in dull copper tints. One
gate was decorated with olives and leaves, the
other with oranges and branches in dull tints.
The leather work was joined with peculiar
nail heads, the whole having a medimval effect,
the gates giving an imposing appearance to the
room of music, art, literature and industry, as
typical of the city of San Francisco.
The neneral tone of the room was a dull
copper, the color of the stained wood. One
side was devoted to a representative collection
of musical instruments which California has
either inherited or become more or less familiar
with by association. For instance, the most
valuable piece was an elaborate war drum, owned
northern to the southern boundaries.
Thy satin vesture richer is than looms
Of orient weave for raiment of her kings;
Not dyes of golden Tyre; not precious things
Kegathered from the long foigotten tombs
Of buried empires; not the iris plumes
That wave upon the tropic's myriad wings;
Not all proud Sheba's queenly oflferings.
Could match the golden marvel of thy blooms
For thou art nurtured from the treasure veins
Of the fair land; thy golden rootlets sup
Her sand of gold; of gold thy petals spun;
Her golden glory. Thou! on hills and plains
Lifting, exultant, every kingly cu}).
Brimmed with the golden vintage of the sun.
The decorative work was done by Miss Lillian
O’Hara ami is known as pyrogravure. It is a
system of engraving by the use of red-hot
metallic points in wood.
CALIFORNIA HISTORICAL EXHIBIT.
The south gallery of the California state
HISTORICAL EXHIBIT, CALIFORNIA BUILDING, WORLD'S FAIR.
It was a daring attempt to combine these
seven shades of yellow in the entire decorations
of a room, while holding all the glory, to give
it the effect of perfect harmony and make it
pleasing to the eye.
The room was projected and planned by Mrs.
A. M. Alarcellus and Mrs. E. O. Smith as a fit¬
ting-tribute to the state flower, and in that way
was uni(pie in the Exposition. From the ceiling
which was frescoed in the shades of yellow, re-
pre.sentiiig Flora surrounded by Cupids, to the
little embroidered foot rest on a mat of gorgeous
yellow, everything did honor to the ENc/t-
scJtolfzKt: Nothing more magniticent can be
seen than an excursion party in March return¬
ing at night from the country, boarding the boat
at Oakland for San Francisco all laden with
the gorgeous poppy. The beauty of the flower
greatly impressed the hundreds of thousands of
visitors to the California building during the
Exposition.
by a tribe of braves that tramped the hills and
fished the bays when the state was yet undis¬
covered. There were also rare Japanese horns
of shell and queer tontoms from San Francisco’s
Chinese section. The Fiji Islands and the
other Pacific specks contributed their quaint
contrivances. Above t'lese gems were hung
portraits of Emma Nevada, Sibyl Sanderson
and Carl Formes, who have made the coast
famous by their voices. This section was pre¬
pared by Mrs. John Vance Cheney, president of
the Century club.
Literature occupied the west wall, where were
piled the books from the pens and brains of
Californians. The shelves bore sketches, done
by Miss O Hara in blocks of red-wood, of Brete
Harte, Joaipdn Miller and Ina Coolbrith. Mrs.
Ella Sterling Cummins had charge of this di¬
vision. Miss Coolbirth composed an ode
which, from a plaque, sang the glories of the
golden poppy which covers the state from the
building at the World’s Fair contained the
historical exhibit from that state, under the
auspices of the California commission.
In making the display three different eras of
the state’s history were taken, the aboriginal,
the mission, and the pioneer. In that depait-
ment devoted to the aboriginal could be found
treasures from ages gone by including relics
from pre-historic people showing their customs,
habits and many of their utensils.
Beginning with the mission era, there is an
evidence of civilization, although crude. Many
relics of the early missionary fathers, showing
how they lived and to what extent they suc¬
ceeded in civilizing the Indians, were to be seen
in this department.
The pioneer era consisted more of histoiica
and biographical documents pertaining to the
work and early struggles of those hardy men
and women who crossed the great mountains
and carved out homes in the new country.
4.43
CAMPliELI/S ILEfSTRATED HISTORY OF THE WORLD'S COLIIMRIAN EXi’OSlTlOAL
ESCHSCHOLTZIA, OR POPPY ROOM, CALIFORNIA BUILDINCJ, WORLD S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
GOLDEN GATES, ENTRANCE TO SAN FRANCISCO ROOM, CALIFORNIA BUILDING,
iu
OAMPr>H!J/S ILLTSTKATKI) IlfSTORV OF THE WORl.D'S ('OLEMBIAX EXPOSTTTOX.
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EXHIBIT OF SAX DIEGO COUXTl\ CALIFORXIA,
IX HORTICULTURAL
BUILDIXG, GilOWIXG
WONDERFUL“HORN OF PLENTY”
ORANGE AND LEMON EXHIBIT OF SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY, CALIFORNIY IN ITORTTPttt . r
A, iX HORTICULTURAL BUILDING, WORLD'S EAIR
(’AMPr>ELi;S ILLrsrPATET) HTSTORV OF THE WORLD'S COI.EMIUAX EXPOSITION.
15
‘LIBERTY BELL” AND ORANGE AND LEMON EXHIBIT OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY, CALIFORNIA, IN HORTICULTURAL BUILDING.
ORANGR GLOBE EXHIBIT OF LOS
ANGELES COUNTY, CALIFORNIA, IN CALIFORNIA BUILDING, WORLD’S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
CAMPHELI/S II
.LUSTRATEI) HISTORY ()E THE WORLD’S OOLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
4TI)
EXHIBIT OF FRESNO COUNTY, CALI¬
FORNIA, AT THE WORLD’S FAIR.
CalilUniin, of all the states making exhibits
at the World's Fair, was the only one in wdiich
its counties made distinct disiilays of their re¬
sources and products. Among these counties,
and one that occupied a leading place in the
Cidiforiiia state building, was Fresno county.
This county lies in the heart of the great San
Joaquin Valley, and has an area of 8,000 square
miles. Up to ten years ago the county w'as in¬
terested in sheep and grain raising. Having
tw’o magnificent rivers it was seen that abund¬
ant water could be obtained for irrigation pur-
jioses and the country turned its attention to
fruit culture.
Since 1882 it has forged ahead as one of the
greatest raisin centers in the United States.
By careful tilling the vvealth produced fiom
these small farms is almost incredible to one
not familiar with the productiveness of the soil
in that part of the state \Hien iJanted to fruit.
The income from the land varies and depends
upon what it is planted in. Pc‘ach trees four
years old will produce $200 per acre, and pear-
trees $800 per acre. The raisin industry prom¬
ises to pay the best in the future. Seven-year-
old vines will prodrrce six torrs of grapes per
acre, w-hich when dried will make two torrs of
raisins, worth $100 per ton.
The climate of Fresno county is the most
delightful of any section in the state. Lying
in the valley of the San Joaqrrin, and away
from the coast, it has all the salubriousness of
that section lying along the Pacific and not the
dampness wldclr affects the fruit. Depending
on irrigation for croirs, there is never- a failure
ty’s celebrated raisins for free distribution, be¬
sides the table fruits, jellies, pampas grass used
in decorating their handsome pavilion, and
much of the fancy work in the Woman’s depart-
merit in the Califorrria building.
The display which occupied separate exhibits
in the sorrthwest part of the building was so
arranged as to show the varied resources of the
county to the best advantage. The raisins for
free distributiorr as souvenirs formed a pyramid
in one part of the exhibit, and the fruits and
jellies decorated the ornamental pavilion. Sev¬
eral show cases contained many specimens of
the mineral wealth of the county, including
gold, silver, copper, coal, iron, gypsum, granite,
marble and many other varieties.
During the entire continuance of the Pair
Mr. Wilson took every opportunity possible to
show the thousands of visitors, many of whom
PHOrOGRAPII OF THE EXHIBIT OP CANNED AND DRIED FRUITS MADE
BY FRESNO COUNTY, CAL., IN CALIFORNIA STATE BUILDING.
According to the report of the State Board of
Horticulture 52,000,000 pounds of raisins w'ere
exported from the state during the year 1892,
of which 42,000,000 pounds were from Fresno
couidy. Its climate and soil being also adapted
to the raising of all kinds of citrus fruits the
county occu])ies one of prominence among the
hustling counties of the state.
Fresno county is noted for its colony system.
By this is not meant any system of co-partner¬
ship, but the plan of a number of capitalists to
purchase large bodies of laud, and divide into
small tracts of from ten to forty acres, which
they sell to farmers. These tracts include all
w’ater privileges for irrigation i)urposes. In
1890 there w-ere over 2,300 of these farms in
Fresno county, each yielding a handsome
income to the owner.
on account of a lack of rain. It is a fact that a
rainless district is one thing in favor of grape
culture, and for this reason Fresno county stands
at the head of all grape-producing sections.
The exhibit made at the Fair was one that
did credit to the county, and showed its pro¬
ducts and resources to the best advantage. The
exhibit w-as installed and cared for during the
entire time by Mr. Geo. A. Wilson, of Fresno
City, and Miss Nellie Boyd. Mr. Wilson is a
piominent real estate dealer of Fresno county,
and a gentleman whose busiiiess qualifications
and courteous bearing gained him a host of
friends during his .sojourn in the “ White City.”
The Ladies’ M orld's Fair Association of
Fresno county deserve great credit for their
work in making the exhibit a success. They
furnished 15,000 half-pound boxes of the coun-
contemplated going to the Pacific slope, the
great resources of his county, and the induce¬
ments offered to the farmer and the capitalist
alike. At the close of the Fair he distributed
large quantities of dried and canned fruits,
besides thousands of boxes of raisins, w-hich w-as
one of the best advertisements for the county
that could have been offered the public. In all
the work done by the different counties in the
state to put forth the advantages of their respec¬
tive localities, Fresno county was among tne
first. Her exhibit w-as one of the most attrac¬
tive, and the fact that Miss Boyd and Mr. Wil¬
son were always in attendance to answer ques¬
tions, made it quite popular as a kind of bureau
of information for all who desired to learn more
in regard to that part of California and her
resources.
•'WA
■
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PHOTOGKAPH OF INTERIOR CALIFORNIA BUILDING, SHOWING EQUESTRIAN STATUE MADE OF PRUNES, EXHIBIT OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY
ORANGE PYRAMID OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY, CAL., IN HORTICULTURAL BUILDING,
NUT TOWER EXHIBIT OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY, CAL., IN HORTICULTURAL BUILDING.
s
pi
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'twi
STATUE OF JOHN MARSHALL, FIRST DISCOVERER OF GOLD IN CALIFORNIA.
STATUE OF CALIFORNIA, IN CALIFORNIA STATE BUILDING.
450
OAMPIJELL’8 ILLUSTEATP:!) HISTORY OF THE WORLD’S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
COL. ALEXANDER B. ANDREWS,
NATIONAL OOMMISSIONEK FROM NORTH CAROLINA.
COL. ALEXANDER BOYD ANDREWS.
Col. Alexander Boyd Andrews, fifth vice-
president of the World’s Columbian Commis¬
sion, and National Commissioner from North
Carolina, has borne a most conspicuous part in
hnildini^ up the resources of that state. Col.
Andrews is in his fifty-second year.
In Jnlyl8()7 he became superintendent of the
Raleii^h and Gaston railroad. In 1875 he was
called to the snperintendency of the North
Carolina railroad, a division of the Richmond
and Danville railroad system.
No man has a more accurate or broader ac¬
quaintance of the industries and resources of
his state or of the states through which the
great system he represents runs. Col. Andrews
was a hard worker for the success of the World’s
Columbian Exposition and was one of the Ex¬
ecutive Committee of Awards, the labors of
which committee were both arduous and
delicate.
THOMAS B. BULLENE.
Thomas B. Bullene, National Commissioner
from Missouri, was born in Oswego county. New
York, Aug. 1, 1828. In 1834, the family re¬
moved to Albany. In 1837 they removed to
THOMAS B. BULLENE,
NATIONAL COM.MISSIONl.R FUO'.I MISSOURI.
Southport, afterwards to Kenosha, Wis.
At 22 years of age, Mr. Bullene began mer¬
chandising in Walworth county, Wis., continu¬
ing there until 1856, when he removed to
Independence, Iowa. In 1863 he removed to
Kansas City, Mo., and established the dry goods
house of Bullene & Bro., the foundation of the
present extensive hrm of Bullene, Moore, Emery
&Co.
He was elected mayor of Kansas City in 1832,
and president of the Board of Trade in 1883.
He was appointed by President Harrison a
member of the National Commission from Mis¬
souri in 1891, serving in that capacity until the
close of the Exposition. He was in attendance
at all the meetings of the National Commission
and was known as one of its working members.
JAMES HODGES.
James Hodges was born August 11, 1822, at
Liberty Hall, Kent County, Mo. At an early age
he entered a commercial house in Baltimore.
His promotion was rapid, and in 1876 the house
of Hodges Brothers was established.
In May, 1890, Mr. Hodges was appointed by
President Harrison, on the nomination of the
JAMES HODGES,
NATIONAL COMMIS.SIONER FROM MARYLAND.
Governor, a member of the World’s Oolumbian
Commission for Maryland. In November 1891,
Director General Davis appointed a natiomd
commission, consisting of Thomas F. Bayard,
Janies Hodges, Tbomas B. Bryan, and
N. H. Higinbotham, to visit France, Spain,
Italy, Portugal, Greece, Turkey, &c., to present
their governments a general outline of the Ex¬
position, and to awaken a national interest in a
liberal display of their arts and industries at
Chicago in 1893. A pressure of business en¬
gagements, however, prevented Mr. Hodges
from accepting the appoininient.
ROBERT WILKINSON FURNAS.
Robert M ilkinson Furnas, was born on a farm
in Miami county Ohio, May 5th, 1824. At the
age of 18 he went to Covington, Ky., and there
served a reg'dar apprenticeship as a printer.
After the expiration of apprenticeship he carried
on a bookprinting house in Cincinnati, Ohio.
Then he returned to his native county where
he edited and published a newspaper at Troy,
Ohio, for some years.
In 1872 he was elected governor of Nebraska.
In 1856 he was elected to the Council branch of
ROBERT W. FURNAS,
NATIONAL COMMISSIONER-AT-LARGE FROM NEBRASKA.
the territorial legislature, serving for four con¬
secutive terms.
He was president of the St. Louis and Ne¬
braska Trunk railroad company; was commis¬
sioner for Nebraska at both the Philadelphia
and New Orleans Expositions, was one of the
National Commissioners at large for the late
World’s Fair, Chicago.
FREDERICK G. BROMBERG.
Frederick G. Bromberg, World’s Fair Com¬
missioner from Alabama, was born in New York
city, June 19, 1837. His family removed per-
luaneiitly to Mobile, Alabama, in tlie winter of
1838. He is a graduate of Harvard University,
class of 1858, from 1861 to 1863 was assistant to
president Eliot, in the chemical laboratory of
the Lawrence Scientific S(diool. From 1863 to
1865 he was the tutor in mathematics in Harvard
University, he resigned in 1865 and returned to
Mobile. He was treasurer of the city of Mobile,
and State Senator from 1868 to 1872, for the
Mobile district. He was member of the House
of Representatives, 43d Congress, and in the
committee in Commerce. In Congress he in¬
troduced the resolution of impiiry which led to
the liquidation of the Freedman’s Savings and
Trust Company.
FREDERICK G. BROMBERG,
NATIONAL COMMISSIONER FROM ALABAMA.
OA^rPBELL’S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE WORLD’S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
lol
MRS. EMMA A. EDGERTON,
LADY MANAGER PROM ARKANSAS.
MRS. EMMA A. EDGERTON.
Among the many notable women of the
Board of Lady Managers was Mrs. Edgerton, of
Arkansas, chairman of the committee on Music
and the Drama. From the moment of her ap¬
pointment to the National Commission she es¬
poused the cause with all the enthusiasm charac¬
teristic of her ardent natue. A beautifully illus¬
trated “Memorial” entitled “The Columbian
Woman,” was issued by her at the opening^of
the Exposition, and in its honor, which won for
her unqualified praise for its literary merit and
general beauty. Many of the most eminent
women writers, musicians and artists of the day
were the contributers to its pages.
Mrs. Edgerton is a direct tlescendant from the
first Colonial Governor, William Bradford.
She was born in Ohio, educated at Lake Erie
Seminary, and at the close of the war married
Captain Rollin Agustus Edgerton of the Federal
army aiul went south to reside.
Her fine executive ability and rich experience
in organized bodies, enlarged by extensixe traxel
in foreign lands was acknowledged by her ap¬
pointment as one of the Lady Manageis to the
World’s Columbian Expo.sition. She displayed
great interest in the advancement and welfare
of Arkansas at the World s Fair.
MRS. SOPHIA D. HALL.
LADY MANAGER FROM NEW HAMPSHIRE.
MRS. SOPHIA D. HALL.
Mrs. Sophia (Dodge) Hall was born in
Rochester, N. H. She is the daughter of Jon¬
athan T. Dodge, a man of great business activity
and enterprise and was educated in the shcools
of her native town, and later in Boston and
Charlestown, Mass., and the Abbott Female
Seminary of Andovei, Mass.
For several years she has been interested in
the affairs of the Woman’s Relief Corps. In
1890 she was department president of the
Woman’s Relief Corps of New Hampshire.
)Aiipointed to the Board of Lady Managers at
the organization of the Columbian Exposition,
she devoted herself to the work of the commis¬
sion with characteristic energy, attending all
the meetings of the board, and taking an active
part in all its deliberations, both of a general
nature and in committee. She was from the
outset an enthusiastic friend and supporter of
the Woman’s department of the Exposition and
rendered services of great value to the state.
Mrs. Hall was married in 1877 to Col. Daniel
Hall, of Dover, N. H.,where she has since resided,
and has one son sixteen years of age.
MRS. JAMES W. LEE,
LADY MANAGER PROM TENNESSEE.
In 18()‘l she was married to Capt. Jas. W.
Lee, of Texas, who in the latter part of Ibfio,
setthxl in Aberdeen, Miss., their present home.
MRS. JOHN R. WILSON,
LADY MANAGER PROM SOUTH DAKOTA.
MRS. JOHN R. WILSON.
Miss Mary Ellis, was graduated from the
Sacred Heart Convent with “highest honors”
and shortly afterward married Hon. John R.
Wilson, a prominent democratic lawyer and
politician of South Dakota.
Mrs. Wilson has traveled extensively in
America, Canada and Europe, is an artist of
ability having had the rare advantages offered
in the galleries of Italy, Munich and Paris.
Being appointed on the Board of Lady Manageis
from South Dakota,she was the first to guarantee
and rai^e her state’s apportionment to the Child¬
ren's Home at the World’s Fair, and was instru¬
mental in bringing forward the amateur musi¬
cians of South Dakota. r i n
Mrs. Wilson was a member of the Worlds
Fair committees of Fine Arts, Ethnology,
Archaeology, Mines and Mining.
MRS. JAMES W. LEE.
Mrs. James W. Lee, daughter of Col. Samuel
WWod, was born in Monroe county. Miss., where
she spent her early life. In 18hl, she graduated
from the Athaneum of Columbia, Teiin.
She was appointed one of the Lady Managers
rom Mississippi to the lYorld's Columbian Ex-
losition, and served in that capacit y during its
;ontiuuance.
Mrs. Lee was active in her work in the in-
erests of the Exposition, and was enthusiastii*
n encouraging Soutliern women to tak(' a toie-
nost xilace in advancing their inti'rests.
MISS HARRIET T. HUNDLEY,
Miss Harriet T. Hundley, one of the World’s
dair Lady Managers tor Alabama, is adaughtm
)f the Hon. John H. HundU'y, of Limestone
do., in that .state. Her father is a leading
•itizen, and belongs to one of the most prom-
Tient families in the state.
Miss Hundley was borfi at “Thornhill,” the
Hundley homestead. The position of Laily
Manager for her state was not of her seeking.
When it was tendered, however, she felt that it
would not become lu‘r to decline such an honor,
and that duty reijuired luu- to accept the
position. She re])reseided her state most
worthily and with charming grace.
Mi.ss Hundley is a hwely typi' of the cult nri'd
snnt.liern woman, iiiodcst and refined.
MISS HARRIETT T. HUNDLEY,
LADY MANAGER PROM aLARAMA.
CAMPBELL’S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE WORLD’S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
45-2
JAMES W. HAINES.
Mr. Haines, whose portrait accompanies this
sketch, is a remarkable man for the hardships
which he has endured and the success which
has been his as a pioneer in the far West of
early days. Mr. Haines was born in Stanstead,
Lower Canada, of Vermont parents, citizens of
the United States, on the 17th day of Au^mst,
1825. At the a^e of seven with his people he
emigrated to Ohio; remained there and received
his education at the Kingsville Academy in
route. Being wrecked on the coast of Mexico,
the voyage was delayed a long time, but having
secured a considerable salvage from the wreck
of the vessel, with the aid of Benjamin F. But¬
ler, Mr. Haines found himself fairly well paid
for the delay. Having married, he returned to
California in 1852 and engaged in the mercan¬
tile business with his former partner. In the
fall of 1854 he was elected marshal of Sacra¬
mento. In the fall of 1859 he went to Nevada.
In 1865 he was elected a delegate to the Con¬
stitutional Convention, and when the election
sioner to the great Worlds Columbian Exposi¬
tion at Chicago, of which he served as a member
during its continuance. In the year 1890 he was
as a member of the State Board of Regents in
the State University of Nevada.
During the entire Exposition period Mr
Haines devoted his energies to the success of
the Exposition, on the whole and to the interests
of his state. His work in the commission was
always characterized by an earnestness of pur¬
pose and a desire to further the interests of the
great enterprise with which he was officially
Ashtabula county, Ohio.
From his sixteenth to his twenty-third year
he sailed upon the lakes between Buffalo and,
Chicago. In ‘49 he went to California by the
overland route, and was captain of a company
of sixty men. Reaching Sacramento in August,
1849, he soon afterward left for Redding Dig-
gins, 550 miles above, and there, in partnership
with a friend, made money rapidly. Leasing
their property in 1851, Mr. Haines and his
partner, Webster, left for Ohio by the Panama
HON. JAMES W. HAINES,
N.\TION.\L COMMISSIONER FROM NEVADA.
for officers took place he was elected Senator
from his county and served six years. In 1868
he wasappointed.conmiissioner on behalf of the
(dovernment to receive the Central Pacific Rail¬
road, and remained with the road until May,
1869. During the war Judge Blaisdell appointed
him Judge Advocate. In 1875 he was appointed
as commissioner to the World’s Fair at Phila¬
delphia. In 1878 he was re-elected to the Senate,
where he served four years. In 1889 he was
appointed by Gov. C. C. Stevens as commis-
connected. He was diligent in his efforts to
promote the interests of the great west at the
Exposition and directed his labors toward
working up an enthusiasm in that section of the
country, in order that it should have ample rep¬
resentation and bring its wonderful resources
and products before the foreign nations ns well
as the states of the Union. His work was
successful to a marked degree, the large dis¬
play from the mountain states attesting the
interest taken.
- %
^ r S'
iS:
V'
k
PAVILION AND EXHIBIT MADE BY NEVADA IN THE AGBIOULTURAL DEPARTMENT, SHOWING ARTISTIC WORK IN GRAINS,
0AMI>I!K1,I,’S JIJ.USTKATKI) HISTORY OF THE WORLD’S COLUMBIAN EXTOSITION.
The equipments for this service were unique
ir,T
POST OPFIOK AT THE EXPOSITION.
Upon tlic recommendation of the Honorat)le
Postmaster General, Con^o’ess appropriated the
sum of §40,000, for the establishment and imun-
tenance of a Post Office in the World’s hair
grounds.
This office was organized as a branch ot the
Chicago post office and under the supervision of
the postmaster at, Chicago. The office was lo¬
cated inside the United States Government
building occupying a floor space of 5,000 square
feet at the southwest corner of the building.
It was fully e(piit)ped with the latest and most
improved postal furniture and tixtuies, being
designed as a model office in every respect and
and attractive. ^ +1
For the transmission of the mails from tlie
branch office to the Central post office a distinct
and separate service was provided over Uio
Illinois Central, that railway company having
specially built two model railway postal cars,
fully equipped for the proper and prompt hand¬
ling and distribution of this mail. Tnese xiost-
al cars made ten round-trips daily between the
two points, and four deliveries and ten collec¬
tions throughout all the buildings on the grounds.
There were also located with in the buildings
and grounds 153 street letter boxes.
This office was officially opened for the trans¬
action of business May 1, 18113, and continued
were received 333,085 lbs., or 1,(365,430 pieces
while the quantity of the same class of matter
collected for dispatch amounted to 124,073 lbs.
or 620,335 pieces, making a grand total of 710,
500 lbs. or 15,172,038 pieces. A clearer idea
will be formed of the enormous bulk of this
matter when it is stated that 25,705 mail bags
were reipiired for its conveyance between the
main post office and AVorld’s Fair office.
In connection with this subject it may be
interesting to note that several newspapers were
printed and published on the Exposition
grounds, mailing through the World’s Fair
post office at second class rates upwards ot 8,000
lbs. of their matter.
Of registered letters and parcels delivered
WOODED ISLAND AND LAGOONS AS THEY APPEARED FROM PLAZA SOUTH OF ILLINOIS BUILDING.
to that extent it was a most inieresting feature
of the \j. S. Government exhibit. The interior
arrangement of the office was providetl with the
same facilities as those of an office in a city of
150,000 inhabitants. It had a wholesale and
retail stamp department, a money order and
registry departmmit, a box and geiu'ral delivery,
with separate windows for ladies’ and gentle¬
men, a carriers’ delivery and an inquiry de-
partimuit. There were employed in this service
a force of sixty-nine pi'rsons. In the collection
and delivery of bulky mail matter two horses
and wagons were employed, while a like number
were used for the conveyance of the mails be¬
tween the branch office and the railway station.
in operation until the close of the Fair, Oct. 30th.
Some idea may be formed of the enormous
volume of matter handled during this x^eriod by
the folbwing figures, to-wit: The total gross
receipts amounted to §66,224.83. These receipts,
however, do not fully rexu’esent the volume of
matter which passed through this office for the
reason that the postage stamps represented
thereon were not all x)urchased at the World’s
Fair xiost office. Of letters, postal cards and
circulars received for delivery there were 115,-
131 lbs. or 5,614,886 xheces, while the quantity
of the same class of matter collected for dispatch
amounted to 147,301 lbs. or 7,272,287 pieces.
Of newspax^ers and parcels delivered there
there were received 12,071 xdeces, while of the
same class of matter there were registered for
disx3atch to other x^oints 17,409 x^ieces, making
a grand total of 29,480 x^ieces, of registered
matter handled.
The liioney order business transacted at this
office x>i’esents some very interesting figures.
Of domestic orders there were issued 8,712,
amounting to §153,658.87 and 1,825 xiostal notes
issued amounting to §3,817.53, while of the inter¬
national money orders (xnirchased
by foreign visitors to the World’s Fair) theie
were issued 2,365 amounting to §66,058.91.
Of the number of domestic money orders paid
there were 3,783, amounting to §108,047.96,
CAiMPBELL’S ILLU8TEATE1) HISTOEY OF THE WORLD'S COLinilUAX EXPOSITION.
whereas the number of postal notes paid was
1,399, amounting to $2,918.03, while the inter¬
national money orders paid were 82, they
amounted to $2,258.34, making a grand total of
18,160 orders issued and paid, amounting in
value to the sum of $336,759.64. The fees
charged for the issuing of money orders alone
aggregated the sum of $1,836.21, more than
double the amount paid for salaries to the two
clerks employed in that deiDartment.
There were delivered to World’s Fair
visitors, through the general delivery, 174,318
letters and 19,145 parcels and newspapers,
making a total of 193,463 i)ieces delivered
in this manner.
It may be interesting to note also that there
were advertised during this time 15,687 letters.
In conclusion it may be well to state, that the
service during the World’s Fair period, while
of a very exacting nature, by reason of having
to deal directly with people of all nations, was,
however, very satisfactory and the service favor¬
ably noticed by the press of this and other
cities.
Respectfully submitted,
M. J. McGrath,
Supt. City Delivery, Chicago.
ARKANSAS AT THE EXPOSITION.
The participation of this state in the World’s
Columbian Exposition was almost entirely con¬
fined to the construction ot the State building,
and the exhibits therein contained. This
trance was used as a registry room, and llu'
others were utilized for state exhibits.
At the extreme rear of the building was the
Assembly hall, 25x65 feet, and from this was a
hallway 11x55 feet, from which stairways led to
the rooms above. The mantel, columns and
vases constructed of Arkansas white onyx,
were especially admired.
On the second floor were parlors for men and
women, a library and various small rooms for
committees and officers, all opening on a broad
gallery over the rotunda.
The state did not make a separate exhibit in
the different departments, with the exception of
Horticultural building.
The members of the Arkansas State board of
commissioners were James Mitchell, president.
ARKANSAS STATE BUILDING AT THE WORLD’S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
640 pieces of which were delivered through the
medium of advertising.
Of matter prepaid for special delivery there
were received and delivered 5,555 pieces, the
special fee on which amounted to $555.50, 80
per cent of this amount being paid to the special
messengers for their services.
The inquiry department shows a record of
14,557 letters which failed of delivery for lack
of postage, better direction, etc. These of course,
were returned to the writer or sent to the Dead
Letter office. To the credit of the employes
who handled upwards of half a million dollars
of government funds, not one cent of it was
missing.
building was designed by Mrs. Jean Douglas of
Little Rock, who followed closely the French
“Rococo” style of architecture, and cost $16,500.
The frame was of wood covered with staff in
ornamental designs and occupied space of 66x92
feet. A large veranda running the entire width
of the building with a commodious entrance to
the rotunda, 30x30 feet in size, and well lighted
by a central dome. On entering this rotunda
the visitor’s attention was at once attracted
by the fountain constructed largely of Hot
Si^rings crystals, and when fully lit up by elec¬
tricity was sparkingly handsome.
Leading off the rotunda was six rooms, each
15 feet square. One of those nearest the en-
Little Rock; Hal. L. Norwood, secretary’
Locksburg; R. H. Adair, manager. Fort Smith;
Miss Fainiie Scott, lady assistant mana¬
ger, Van Buren; W. S. Thomas, Little Rock;
R. B. Weaver, Rally Hill; Edward W. Pas-
coe, Cushman.
The members of the National Commission
from Arkansas were: I. T. W. Tiller, of Little
Rock; J. H. Clendening, of Fort Smith; alter¬
nates were: James T. Mitchell, of Little Rock;
Thomas H. Leslie, of Stuttgart.
The National board of Lady Managers were:
Mrs. Janies P. Eagle, Little Rock; Mrs. Rollin
A. Edgerton, Little Rock; Mrs. William B.
Empie, Newport.
CAM1M5ELI/S ll.I.UvSl’RA ri:i) HISTORY OF THE WORLD’S COLUMIHAX EXPOSITION.
ir)()
IOWA AT THE EXPOSITION.
T]ie Iowa building was 00x100 feet in size, ad¬
joining the dackson Park i)avilion, which was
also used as an exhibition room. Tlie wliole
interior of this large hall contained the most
elaborate and artistically arranged exhibit of
grains and gra.s.ses that could l)e imagimal.
The walls and ceilings were completely cov¬
ered with wheat, oats, barley and corn displayed
with such taste as to form an enduring picture
in the ndnds of all visitors.
In the center of the buildiiig was a miniature
model of the Iowa state caj^itol building covered
with corn, grain and seeds, contributed by the
farmers of that state.
This building was in the northeast corner
This amount was distributed as follows: Build¬
ing, $35,000, agricultural exhibit, $9,000, mineral
exh i })it, $3,000, horticultural exhibit, $4,000, dairy
exhibit,$3,000, forestry exhibit,$140, educational
exhibit, $5,584, live stock exhibit, $6,000, woman s
exhibit, $2,500, miscellaneous exhibit, $12,000,
collection exhibit in state building $6,000, and
the balance used in detail expenses, salaries of
officers and other incidental expenses.
Beside the fine showing znade in the state
building Iowa had one of the most attractive
pavilions and exhibits in the Agricultural build¬
ing; a fruit disjzlay in the Horticultural depart¬
ment second to none of the western states, while
her exhibit in the Mizies and Mining depart¬
ment showed her great coal I’esources. In the
Live Stock, Dairy and Forestry divisions she
Charles Ashton, Guthrie Center; J. W. Jar
nagin, Montezuma; A. C. Koberts, Port Madison
State Board of Lady Managers; Miss Ora E
Miller, Cedar Rapids; vice president, Mrs. X"
C. Deering, Osage; secretary, Mrs. Eliza G
Rhodes, Mount Pleasazit; treasurtu-. Miss Mary
B. Hancock, Dubuque; Mrs. Flora J. McAch-
ran, Bloomfield; Mrs. Whiting S. Clark, Des
Moines; Mrs. Orry H. Salts, Corning; Mrs. L
O. Person, Council Bluffs; Mrs. John F. Dun-
combe, Fort Dodge; Mrs. A. M. Ainsworth
Onawa; Mi’s. Ellen K. Cook, Davenport.
National Board of Lady Managers: Mrs
Whiting S. Clark, Des Moines; Miss Ora E.
Miller, Cedar Rapids. Alternates: Mrs. Ira
F. Hendricks, Council Bluffs; Miss Mary B.
Hancock, Dubuque.
ay j s cArrpeatL.
VIEW OF
of the grounds immediately on the lake front
aniwasa convenient and enjoyable place for
sightseers.
On a decorated balcony in one corner of the
hall was a fine band sfand from which musical
concei’ts wei’e given daily. The reception and
officers’ rooms were commodious, well fur¬
nished and attractive.
Everybody was willing to concede that the
Iowa commissioners were entitled to praise for
the arrangement of this splendid exhibit and
the credit they had secured for the “Hawkeye
State.”
The state aizproin-iation for Exposition pur¬
poses was $130,000, and from individuals $8,000.
THE IOWA STATE BUILDING AT THE WORLD'S
took first rank with her sister states.
The educational exhibit made in the Liberal
Arts department showed the high grade of
work accomplished by her schools and uni¬
versities. The individual exhibit made by the
women of the state in the Woman s building
was fully up to the standard of other display^
The members of the Iowa State Board of
Commissioners were: President, James O. Cros¬
by, Garnavillo; vice president, John F Dun-
TOinbe, Fort Dodge; treasurer, William Hamilton
Dent, Le Mars; secretary, F. N. Chase, Cedar
Tails. Executive committee: S. H. Mallory
Chariton; S. B. Packaixl, Marshalltown; H. W.
Seaman, Clinton; Henry Stivers, Des Moines-
PAIR.
National Commission: W. F, King, Mt. Ver¬
non; Joseph Eiboeck, Des Moines. Alternates:
John Hayes, Red Oak; Charles E Whiting,
Whiting.
Iowa is 200 miles long from north to south
and greatest breadth 300 miles, has 35,288,800
aCTes of land or 55,045 square miles. Elevation
925 feet above the sea. The state is w’ell watered
and has a fine soil for agnculfui-al pur^ioses.
It is estimated that about 7,000 squai-e miles,
aie underlaid with bituminous coal which se-
cuies for the state a permanent fuel supply.
The first settlements in this state were in
1833, previous to that it was occupied by several
ci’ibes of Indians.
CAMrr,KM;S ILLUSTRATIH) history of the world’s (OLILMBIAX EXPOSITION.
IOWA’S CORN EXHIBIT.
That Iowa is the king of all corn states is
clemonstratecl ])y the exhibit she makes in Agri-
cnbairal ])nil(ling, and also in her own state
bnilding. Corn enters into every part and par¬
ticle of the construction of her pavilion in the
Agricultural building. Standing among other
state pavilions Iowa attracts the eye of the vis¬
itor at once by its unique and picturescpie de¬
signs. The decorations made of this grain in
the state building are something wonderful,
especially the artistic designs and effects. The
visitor who fails to see both features of this
great corn state’s exhibit will miss a fine sight.
Intermixed with corn are many varieties of
dates of the country, 1492, 1776, 1876 and 1892,
are reproduced in corn and stand out in bold
relief. The whole makes an attractive picture
and shows what can be done in decorating with
one of our greatest products when in the hands
of artists.
ENTERTAINING FEATURES IN AGRI¬
CULTURAL BUILDING.
However beautiful and attractive an exhibit
may be, or how much it may be admired by the
great throng of visitors, all this attractiveness
loses interest to a majority when an announce¬
ment is made that at an exhibit near by certain
refreshments are being served free to the public.
17 ) 7
hibited or leave orders for future delivery. Tlu‘
returns to the exhibiters in many cases amply
repay tlunn for their outlay besides assisting in
advertising their goods.
AGRICULT17RAL IHBLEM FNTS.
In the annex to the Agricultural bnilding
can be seen a display of machiiu'ry and imple¬
ments for farming, from all parts of the world.
Everything that the most practical farnu'r
in the country could desire, from the garden
rake to the steam thresher, and the hoe to the
sulky-plow, is brought together under one
roof.
By a systematic arrangement of exhibits
IPWA
exhibit
WMMi
PHOTOGRAPH OF IOWA’S CORN PAVILION IN THE AGRICULTURAL BUILDING AT THE WORLD’S FAIR.
grains, as this state can also raise as fine wheat,
oats and barley as any state in the union. A
l)eautiful pagoda adorns the interior of the
pavilion in Agricultural building, the corn and
grain decorations being unusually handsome
and artistic.
A FINE PIECE OF WORK.
Over the main entrance at the north end of
the Agricultural building is a beautiful piece
of work made entirely of corn and grains. It
covers the whole side of the building above the
gallery. The design is artistic, and the effects
produced by the arrangement of different col¬
ored corn are wonderful. The four historical
There is a simultaneous rush to partake. This
is especially true and noticeable in the Agricul¬
tural building. In the galleries of this build¬
ing are a large number of exhibits made by
baking powder firms, pickle manufacturers,
chocolate companies, catsups, soups, jellies and
many others. At all of these booths the ijublic
is invited to partake of a sample of the partic¬
ular brand of goods they desire to advertise.
The visitors as a general thing never hesitate
to partake.
In this building there are over twenty differ¬
ent exhibiters that entertain the visitors in this
manner. Of course this is not done without
expecting some returns. The attendants im¬
portune visitors to purchase of the things ex-
the advancement made in labor-saving mach¬
inery for agricultural purposes is slnnvn. The
devehqmient of the plow, tlie harrow, the
reaper, mower and rake is seen at a glance. An
esi^ecially attractive exhibit is made in the
reaper department, showing the improve¬
ments, ranging frcjra the old-fasliiomal hand-
rake and dropper to the modern wire and twine
binders.
The exhibit shows that almost the entire
credit for all the changes and improvements
made in farm machinery during the past half
century is due American genius ajid enttn--
prise, and will liring in-ominently before the
agricultural (dass of other countries the su-
l)eriority of American invention and machinery.
(;A1II’I!ELI/S rLI;USTRATEl> UrSTORY OF THE
Ryan; alternates: Charles
Cameron.
WORLD’S COLUMP)IAN EXPOSITION.
H. Stanley, Peter
15 «
NORTH JJAKOTA AT THE EXPOSITION.
The North Dakota State building occupied a
ground space of 50x70 feet, and was in every
way an appropriate desit^n and structure for the
})urpose used. From the court-yard the main
assembly room entered through a large stone
archway, above which on the exterior was a
carvt'd panel showing the coat of arms of North
Dakota. Ttie assembly hall was 24x50 feet,
spanned by four broad arched beams, with a
wide window between each reaching from floor
to roof.
At each end of the assembly room was a broad
fire-place suggestive of glowing comfort on a
cold day. Committee and toilet rooms were
well arranged and appropriately furnished.
State appropriation was $48,500, and private
subscriptions $5,000. The building cost $11,220,
exclusive of furniture. Agricultural exhibit
SOUTH DAKOTA AT THE EXPOSITION.
The new state of South Dakota was among
the leading northwestern states in exhibiting
her resources at the Exposition. The state
building covered a ground space of 70x126 feet,
was two stories high, structure of frame carved
with Yankton cement in imitation of stone
work. The roof was of corrugated iron with
cornice and brackets of pressed zinc. A wide
porch extended across the front of the building
with heavy columns supporting a balcony from
the second story.
State appropriation was $50,000; building cost
$17,000; Agricultural exhibit cost $6,000; Mine¬
ral, $5,500; Horticultural, $200; Dairy, $300;
miscellaneous, $4,000.
National Board Lady Managers: Mrs. John R
Wilson, Dead wood; Mrs. H. M. Barker, Huron-
alternates: Mrs. C. E. Daniels, Watertown;
Marie J. Gfaston, Deadwood.
National Commission: Merritt H Day, Rapid
City; Win. McIntyre, Watertown; alternates: 8.
A. Ramsey, Woonsocket; L. 8. Bullard, Pierre.
ARIZONA, OKLAHOMxi AND NEW
MEXICO AT THE EXPOSITION.
Arizona, Oklahoma and New Mexico com¬
bined in the erection of a building at the
Exposition. This building was in the north
end of the grounds and cost $75,000. Of this
amount Arizona paid $35,000; New Mexico
$25,000; and Oklahoma, $15,000.
Arizona had a very fine collection of Indian
relics and other exhibits in her section, while in
the Mining department and the Forestry build-
THE ARIZONA, NEW MEXICO AND OKLAHOMA BUILDINGS AT THE EXPOSITION.
cost $3,550; Wool exhibit, $170; Forestry, $600;
Educational exhibit, $1,250; Woman’s, $1,000;
miscellaneous, $700.
Being essentially an agricultural state. North
Dakota made her principal showing in that de¬
partment. Her pavilion was among the finest.
An immense statue of a woman, made from
grains and grasses Avas one of the unique features
of this exhibit. In the state building were many
historical relics and an additional exhibit of her
2 )roducts.
Members of the State Board of Commissioners
were: Martin Hector, president, D. R. McGinnis,
secretary, Alfred Dickey, executive manager,
Jacob A. Field, John M. Turner, O. G. Meacham.
National Board Lady Managers: Mrs. S. W.
McLaughlin, Mrs.W. D. McConnell; alternates:
Mrs. Alice B. Brown, Mrs. Francis C. Holley.
National Commission: H. P. Rucker, Martin
It was in the Agricultural and Mining depart¬
ments that South Dakota made the finest ex¬
hibits. In the former, its pavilion and display
was very large and covered the entire range of
Ijroducts in the state.
In the Mining dej)artment, besides a showing
of gold, silver, lead, the reproduction of the
crystal cave from Deadwood, in the Horticultural
building added to its exhibit.
Members of the State Board of Commissioners
were: L. G.Ochsenreiter,inesident; J.H.Brown,
secretary; W. W. Taylor, treasurer; C. E. Hinds,
J. E. Pilcher, John Baker, I. G. Quarve.
W Oman’s Y orld’s Fair Commissioners: Mrs.
Win. Duff, Haynie, president; Mrs. I. S. Oliver,
vice president; Mrs. L. S. Jeffries, secretary;
Mrs. John E. Bennett, treausurer; Mrs. A. C.
Mellette, Mrs. W. A. Burleigh, Mrs. Geo. A.
Silsby, Mrs. J. A. Trow, Mrs. Marie J. Gaston.
ing she had two very fine exhibits. In the
Manufactures department the exhibit of petri¬
fied wood was from this territory.
New Mexico had a large collection of Indian
relics, ancient ^lottery and stone images in the
building. In the Agricultural, Horticultural,
Mining and Liberal Arts departments the ex¬
hibits made by this territory were among the
most attractive. In the Mining department
the miner’s cabin was one of the interesting
features of the building.
Oklahoma used the portion of the building
allotted to it for a headquarters for its citizens
and made its exhibits in the Agricultural de¬
partment, where was shown a large collection
of the products of the territory.
These three territories deserve much credit
for their enterprise in the erection of a building
and making the exhibit they did.
CAMPRELT/S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE WORLD'S COLUMP,lAX EXPOSITION.
151 )
NORTH DAKOTA STATE BUILDING AT THE WORLD’S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
SOUTH DAKOTA STATE BUILDING AT THE WORLD'S COLUxMBIAN EXPOSITION.
'X
5c-
H
o
X
X
K
O
NEW
*** E X I Co
t, K i S 1 T A ^
IpYYvi^Vii^^ J-B.CA»n|>bell
PHOTOGRAPH OF NEW MEXICO’S CANNED FRUIT EXHIBIT IN DEPARTMENT HORTICULTURE.
PHOTOGRAPH OF NEW MEXICO’S WINE EXHIBIT IN DEPARTMENT VITICULTURE.
CAMTT)ELT;S illustrated history of the WORLD'S (MILLMRIAX EXTOSITIOX.
101
PHOTOGRAPH OP INTERIOR OF NEW MEXICO'S BUILDING AT THE WORLD’S PAIR, SHOWING ITS VARIOUS PRODUCTS.
PHOTOGRAPH OF THE PAVILION AND EXHIBIT MADE BY NEW MEXICO IN THE AGRICULTURAL BUILDING. WORLD’S FAIR.
CAMPBELL’S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE AVORLD’S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
402
NEW MEXICO AT THE EXPOSITION.
On several different pages in this issue will be
found some excellent illustrations of some of the
best features exhibited by New Mexico at the
W orld’s Fair. It was in the Mining building
that she made one of the hnest displays of any
state in the department. The miner’s cabin was
visited by hundreds of thousands of peojjle dur¬
ing the Fair and was always an attractive feature.
In the Horticultural department her display
of fruits and wines was an attractive one, while
in the Agricultural building she occupied a
prominent ])osition. In connection with Ari¬
zona and Oklahoma she erected aline state build-
THE SOUTH SEA ISLANDERS AT THE
FAIR.
Among the many foreign attractions on Mid¬
way plaisance during the Fair none were more
decorous and better represented the country
from which they came than did the natives of
the South Sea Islands. These tawny and lithe
limbed people were genuine and tried conscien¬
tiously to give the visitors a correct idea of their
home life and customs.
There was none of that grossness which marked
the exhibitions of many of the other native at¬
tractions. Their dances were all modest and
were representative of the customs and festivities
MANUFACTURES BUILDING A GREAT
BAZAAR.
The fact that the Manufactures and Liberal
Arts building was in suine res^jects a huge
bazaar, has been proven since the close of the
Fair. This department contained all the finest
wares of both Europe and Asia as well as the
United States, and although during the greater
portion of the Exposition the authorities pro¬
hibited foreign exhibiters from selling exhibits
and delivering them at the time, a large number
were disposed of.
According to the report made by the foreign
exhibiters since the close of the Fair tiieir sales
PHOTOGRAPH OP NEW MEXICO'S FRESH FRUIT EXHIBIT IN HORTICULTURAL DEPARTMENT, WORLD’S FAIR.
ing in which an exhibit of many curious and
interesting things were made, among them being
relics of an earlier race of people than the
Iiulians and a much more civilized and intelli¬
gent one.
Taken as a whole and considering the fact
that she does not yet enjoy the rights of state¬
hood the exhibit made and the prominent posi¬
tion she took in the success of the Exposition
entitles her to a front rank among the territories
yet ouii of the dominion of the United States
and is an argument in favor of granting her
such rights in the near future.
of the people. There was no beer garden attach¬
ment to the theatre, so that visitors were not
constantly regaled by tobacco smoke and the
clanking, of glasses. While their music was
monotonous it contained more harmony than
some of the kind heard in other places.
Their Matu dance of rejoicing and Ailauu
club drill were wonderful pieces of systematic
work. At times they did creditable work in
singing national airs, “America” being one of
their favorites. The exhibit of their handiwork
in the village showed great ingenuity and skill
in many lines.
reached far into the millions. Italy led all other
countries in the value of exhibits di,sposed of
to visitors, the amount reaching the enormous
sum of $2,500,000. The Germans follow with a
million and a half. The French, Austrian, Rus¬
sians, Japanese and many other Oriental coun¬
tries disposed of wares, ranging in value from
one million down to a few hundred thousand
dollars.
Never before, and perhaps never again, will
there be seen such a large, varied and costly
display of artistic wares as were to be found lu
that department.
o
'rJl
NKYi' MEXICO
fCHr /89
J./S- CAMPseii 'i
I
PHOTOGRAPH OF EXHIBIT MADE BY NEW MEXICO IN MINES AND MINING BUILDING AT THE IVORLD’S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION
CAMIMiELI/S ILLrSTRATP:D HISTORY OF THE ^^ORLl)’S COLIAfRIAN EXIOSITION.
SOUTH DAKOTA AT THE FAIR
Tf)F
EXHIBIT FROM NORTH DAKOTA.
In the exhibit made ])y North Dakota at the
Exposition that young state looms up as one of
the greatest wheat-producing sections of the
country. The building erected at the Fair by
the state is in the north end of the grounds in
close proximity to that of its sister stat(% South
Dakota. The building has been used more as
a headquarters for visitors than for exhibit
purposes.
The exhil)it made in the Mining department
is a very attractive one and occupies a promi¬
nent place among the mining exhibits made by
other states. In the Agricultural building,
however, the state has a pavilion that is a mar¬
vel of cereal architecture. Above the entrance
Although young in statehood. South Dakota
is not at all youthful in enterprise. The exhibit
made by this young state in the several depart¬
ments at the World’s Fair shows the wonderful
resources of that part of the United States
which she represents. Being essentially an
agricultural state the greater part of her exhibi i.
is devoted to the products of the soil. The
iiiiniiig industry of the state is not foigotten
and a tine display of its mineral productions is
made in the Mining building.
The building erected by the state is one of
the tidiest little structures on the Fair grounds,
and is well filled with a varied exhibit of its
mineral and agricultural products. Located in
MEXICO IN AGRICULTUR AL BUILDING
The Republic of Mexico is taking a promi¬
nent position. Although it has no building of
its own on the grounds, the sijace occupied in
many departments is large and the exhibit very
extensive and varied. Its mining industries
have received much attention and the showing
made by the country in the south end of the
Mining building is one of the most interesting
as well as largest made by any section.
In the north end of the Agricultural build¬
ing this state occupies about six thousand
square feet of space which is filled with an ex¬
tensive exhibit of its products. One of the
most attractive exhibits is that of henequen, or
the fiber of the Agave plant from which is made
PHOTOGRAPH OF NORTH DAKOTA'S PAVILION IN AGRICULTURAL BUILDING, WORLD’S FAIR.
to the pavilion, made of grains and grasses, is a
panel, composed of a head of a cow and the
dates ‘‘1889’’ and “1893,” as designating the
age of the state, she being admitted to the
union in 1889. At one side of the pavilion is
the figure of a woman made entirely of grains
and grasses, the figure holding a banner. This
figure is one of the most artistic and natural
pieces of work done in that line at the Expos¬
ition.
The interior of the pavilion contains a fine
exhibit of the various products of the state, in¬
cluding wheat, corn, fiax, hay and many other
cereal products. Here can be seen stocks of
wheat from seven to nine feet in height, with
heads of grain almost a foot in length.
the north end of the grounds near the 57th
street entrance to the Fair, it is one of the first
of the state buildings seen by the visitors, and
generally one of the first they enter.
It is in the Agricultural building that the
state makes the best showing. The pavilion,
reproduced in grains, is one of the most hand¬
some and attractive in the building. Here is
shown in an artistic manner the products of the
state, wheat being most prominent, while the
other products are given especial attention.
The exhibit made iq the Horticultural building
in the reproduction of the Crystal Cave near
Deadwood is one that attracts much attention
fiom \isitors and will bring this place promi¬
nently before the world as a great resort.
rope, hammocks, mats and many other things.
Tobacco also occupies a prominent place, as
well as cotton. The exhibit of loaf sugar is an
interesting one as showing how the southern
states formerly prepared that article for com¬
merce until later methods superseded this old
way, but which is still in vogue in Mexico.
The exhibit also includes many varieties of
grain, vegetables, rice, and other semi-tropical
productions. Relics and antiquities of ancient
Mexico can be seen here also, but the laigest
showing made in this department can be found
in the Anthropological building. Here the re¬
mains of the old Aztec dynasty can be seen in
great profusion, and shows a civilization of a
very superior order.
CAMIM’.ELi;S ILLFSTEATET) HTSTOEV OF THE WOKLIVS (OLIIMIUAX EXPOSITION.
MICHIGAN AT THE EXPOSITION.
occupied a prominent position at
the Exposition amono- the states boixlering on
the "i-eat lakes. The stale buildijig occupied a
conspicious position near the principal entrance
to the Exposition grounds. The building in¬
cluding donations, cost §(10,020. It was three
stories high with square shaped tower having an
observatory on top. The first floor was occupied
with administration, reception, reading rooms,
and parlors.
The second floor had two large exhibition
rooms filled with Michigan relics and curiosi¬
ties, also assembly halls with room for board
meetings. The building was constructed en¬
tirely of native material largely contributed. In
expended was the educational, made in the
Liberal Arts department. This exhibit con¬
sisted of a complete showing of the various edu¬
cational institutions in the state, that of Ann
Arl)or taking the lead. About $15,000 was ex¬
pended in making the exhibit.
In the Agricnltural department $7,000 was
expended in showing the resources of the state'
in a handsome pavilion, while $7,500 was used
in making an exhibit of its various forestry iiro-
ducts in the Forestry department. In addition
to that amount $2,500 was exjiended in the Live
Stock department, $500 in the Dairy and $500
in making a wool exhibit.
In the Horticultural department the exhibit
of fresh, canned and dried fruits cost $4,500.
The Woman’s department expended $1,500 in
I()5
UNITED STATES POSTOFFICE DEPART¬
MENT EXHIBIT
The exhibit in the Government building con¬
tained not only a fully equipped postofiice, as
described on a page of this history, but an illus¬
trative exhibit of the department, from the
establishment of the first postoffice down to the
immense business of this department at the
jiresent time.
This collection not only included every prom¬
inent feature of our own ])ostoffice department.
With its sanqih's of devices. machiiu'S and relics,
but there was also shown the working jiara-
phernalia of postoffices in the following coun¬
tries and dependeindes:
Great Britain, Canada. Trinidad. New Zea-
MtCHfGAN ST
the top of the tower surmounting the building
was a large clock.
The state appropriation was $127,000, and
private subscriptions, $20,000. Of this amount
about $00,000 was expended on the building.
The state was represented in every department at
the Exposition.
In the Mining department $15,500 was ex¬
pended in erecting a handsome pavilion and
making an exhibit of iron ore, hematite, mag¬
netic ore, auriferous (juartz, sandstone, marble,
graphite, artificial building stone, mineral salts,
copper bars, native copper, maps and plans of
copper mills, and a collection of ancient copper
implements.
The second exhibit in the amount of money
.\TE BUILDING AT THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN
making a display, while $28,500 was devoted
to miscellaneous exhibits in different depart¬
ments.
The members of the Michigan State Board of
Commissioners were Isaac M. M eston,president;
Eugene H. Belden, vice president; Mark W.
Stevens, secretary: James W. Flynn, treasurer;
Gov. John T. Rich, Mrs. Julia A. P<jiid, ]Mrs fJ.
S. Valentine, Peter White.
National Board Lady IManagers: Mrs. Eliza
J. Howes, Mrs. Sarah S. C. Angell; alternates;
Mrs. Frances P. Burrows, iMiss Anna M.
Cutcheon.
National Commission: M. Henry Lane, (Jeorge
H. Barbour; alternates; Earnest B. Fisher,
Lyman D. Norris.
pixposrnoN.
lend, Queensland, Lidia, Australia, Malta,
Timor, Bahamas, Victoria, Windward Islands.
Leward Islands, Bermudas, Cape of Good Hope*.
New Foundland, British Guiana, Natal Oil
River Protectorate, Westmm Australia, Gold
Coast, Seirre Leone, L.agos, Bechnansland,
Gibralter, Cyprus Islands, Fiji Islands, Ceylon,
North Borneo, British Honduras, Straits Settle¬
ment, Turks Islands, Egypt, Japan, Denmark,
Italy, Sweden, Switzerland, Austria, Spain,
France, Germany, Belgium, Portugal, San Sal¬
vador, Brazil, Hawaii. Mexico, Argentine Re¬
public, Paraguay, Chili and Peru.
The exhibit taken as a whole showe'd the
superiority of the postal system of this country
over that of foreign countries.
CAMPr.EIJ/S ILLIISTRATFJ) HISTORY OF THE WORLD'S FOLOrHIAX EXPOSTTIOX.
MICHIGAN LOGGING CAMP, REPRODUCED AT THE EXPOSITION.
<s
tA- V'
■M
.*>■
LOAD OF MICHIGAN WHITE PINE LOGS AT THE EXPOSITION
(^\MTT.ELi;i^ ILLT^STEATED IIISTOEV OF THE WORLD'S OOLTLMIUAX KXFOSITIOX.
M)'
INTERIOR OF THE SOUTH DAKOTA JIUILDINCJ,
AT THE WORLD'S FAIR.
p:';
SOUTH DAKOTA
PAVILION AND EXHIBIT OF SOUTH DAKOTA IN THE AGRICULTURAL DEPARTMENT.
clnbs, a director of the Continental National
Bank of Chicago, and since March, 1892, a
director of the M orld s Colninbian Exposition.
GEORfiE H. WHEELER,
DIRKOTOII world's (!0LUAIBIAN EXPOSITION.
GEOKCB HENRY WHEELER.
George Henry Wheeler was boi'ii at La Porte,
Ind., Angnst ], 1841. He is a son of Hiram
and Julia Smitli Wheeler, the former born at
Vermont the latter born in New York City.
Mr. Wlu'eler, Sr., removiHl to the remote
settlement of La Poi-te, Ind., in 1842, remaining
there about nine years. He then removed to
St. Joe, ]\[ich., where he was located for eight
yi'ars.
In 1849 Mr. Wheeler removed to Chicago with
his family Avhere Gi'orgo' Henry attended public
schools. In 18r)() lu' completed a business course
at Racini' College, Wis.
In 18()() he went into the grain elevator busi¬
ness with his father. In 1897 he was admitted
into the part iiership of Mungt'i', Wheeler & Co.,
which lirm jiossesses an eiivialile reputation and
W('re among the wealthii'st and largest receivers
of grain in Chicago. Mr. Wheeler remained
with this tiriu, coniu'cted wdth the active man-
agenu'ut of the house', up to 1889, when the firm
sold out to an English syndicate'.
At the' annual electiein eif the Chicago City
Railway Ceunpany, in January, 1891, he was
eh'e'te'el president. He has alsei been president
of tluA Washingtein Park Club for the last three
yeas. He is a member of the Chicago and other
ROltERT C. CLOWRY,
OIUECTOU world's COLUMBI.VN EXPeXSITlON.
MR. WHLLIAM D. KERFOOT.
Mr Wulliam D. Kerfoot took an active part
in the preliminfiry eirganization eif the World’s
Columbian Expeisition, and in the endeavor to
secure the location of the Exposition in this
city. Upon permanent organization being
formed, he became a member of the Directory,
and served in that body for three years. He
was chairman of the xVgriculture committee, and
a member of the Executive, W^ays and Means and
Ceremonies committees.
Mr. Kerfoot is one of the oldest, one of the
best known and most conservative man in the
real estate business in Chicago. He stanas at
the head of the real estate business as a man of
very large experience and information, and has
the contidence-of the people, not only in Chicago,
but in the great business centers of the east
and London. He was born April 16, 1837, at
Lancaster, Pa., and has been a resident of this
city since 1854.
EUGENE S. PIKE,
DIRECTOR world's (XILrMBI.XN EXPOSITION.
SESSIONS OF THE NATIONAL COM¬
MISSION.
The eight session of the national commission
convened Tuesiay at 12 o’ clock noon April 25,
1893, in Administration building Jackson Park
with 53 commissioners in attendence. After
calling the roll the commission by vote accepted
an invitation from acting president, Ferdinand
W^. Peck of the W^orld’s Columliian Exposition,
to attend the unveiling of the Columbus Statue
on the Lake Front at 3 P. M. same day.
The final report of Director General Davis of
the preparatory work of the Exposition was sub¬
mitted and ordered printed in minutes.
Miscellaneous business of various kinds oc¬
cupied the attention of the commission each
day until May 26, 1893, when they adiourned
until July 1, 1893.
The ninth session of commission met pursu¬
ant to adjournment July 1, 1893, in Administra¬
tion building, Jackson Park, at 12 o’clock noon;
no (pioriim being present an adjournment was
voted until July 8, 1893, when 61 commissioners
answered to the roll call and the regular busi¬
ness was proceeded with daily until September
1
WILLIAM D. KERFOOT,
DIRECTOR world’s COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
11, 1893, when the commission adjourned sine
die.
Tenth session of commission met in Adminis¬
tration building at 12 o’ clock noon, October 4,
1893,pnrsuant to liy-laws and by motion adjourned
until October 5, 1893, when 56 commissioners
being present the business was proceeded with
daily until November 6, 1893, wdien no ({uoruin
being present the commission adjourned sine die.
The next meeting of the commission will be
in April, 1894, in accordance with tlie by-laws,
at which time the entire remaining business
of the commission will no doubt lie completed.
THE WAIRLD’S PAIR AND FUTURE
EXPOSITIONS.
The pace set by the Workl’s Fair was one
that will require a spirit of enti'rprise and hus¬
tling abilities in other countries of a higher
order than any ever shown in the past if they
expect to keep abreast. An assimilation of all
the genius and force to be found in this coun¬
try, together with the aid of some foreign ele¬
ment, brought forth succe.ss. Future exposi¬
tions may attempt to pattern after ours. They
can never hope to equal it. The World’s Colum¬
bian Exposition stands out alone as the great¬
est event of this or any other age. No subse-
(|uent event can dim its brilliancy.
W. J. CHALMERS,
DIRECTOR world's COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
CAMTUKLI/S ILLUSTKATKI) HISTORY OF THE WORLD’S FOLILHRIAX EXPOSITION.
AID)
THOMAS E. GAKVIN,
NATIONAL COMMISSIONEK FROM INDIANA.
THOMAS EDGAR GARVIN.
Thomas Edgar Garvin, National Oommis-
sioner from Indiana, was born at Gettysburg,
Adams county, Pa. When fourteen he entered
Mount St. Mary’s College at Emmettsburg, jMd,
graduating from that institution with honoi in
June, 1844. In the autumn of the same year
Mr. Garvin came to Indiana, and settled at
Evansville, where he has ever since resided.
He at once commenced the study of law, in the
office of Hon. Conrad Baker. Mr. Garvin was
admitted to the bar in 1846, and at oncefoimed
a partnership with Gov. Baker.
In 1886 Mr. Garvin retired from the active
practice of the law. In 1874 he was appointed
Commissioner for Indiana to the Centennial
Exhibition, and in 1891, was nominated
by the late Gov. Hovey and appointed by
president Harrison as one of the two Commis-
.sioners to represent his state in the World’s
Columbian Commission. He served on the im¬
portant committee of Classification, and was
chairman of the committee on Auditing.
WILLIAM FOR>SYTH.
William Forsyth, one of the California mem¬
bers of the World’s Fair National Commission,
was bom in Toronto, Canada, in 1850. 8>tiiking
out for himself, he first worked as a farmhand
WILLIAM FORSYTH,
NATIONAL COMMISSIONER FROM CALIFORNIA.
in Canada, picking up a common school educa¬
tion, here and there, as opportunity offered.
In 1843 he went to Pontiac, Mich. While
there he became the manager of the leading
hotel, and from that time until 1885 devoted
himself to this business. In 1875he left Pontiac
and located at Sacramento, where he became
proprietor of the Grand Flotel, and after a year
or so spent there, he secured a lease of the
Geyser Springs Hotel in Sonoma county, wdiich
he soon made the most popular summer resort
of California.
Upon severing his connection with the Geyser,
Mr. Forsyth established himself in Fresno coun¬
ty, going into the business of raisin making on
a large scale. In order to learn the business
thoroughly, he has made two trips to Euroiie,
and has studied Spanish raisin making on the
ground.
ALEXANDER T. BRITTON.
Alexander T. Britton, lawyer and financier,
was born in New York City, December 29,1835.
He is a graduate of Brown University of the
class of 1857, and was admitted to the bar
ALEXANDER T. BRITTON,
NATIONAL COMMISSIONER FROM DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.
through the Supreme Court of Rhode Island in
March, 1858,
In 1877, he was appointed by President Hayes
a Commissioner to codify the public land laws.
Under appointment from President Grant he
was the last president of the Board of Police
Commissioners of the District of Columbia.
In 1890, he organized and was made president
of the American Security and Trust Company,
with a cajiital of $1,250,000.
Mr. Britton is a charter member of the Sons
of the American Revolution of the District of
Columbia He was chairman of the Inaugural
Committee having charge of President Harri¬
son’s Inauguration, and was by him appointed
as World’s Fair Commissioner from the District
of Columbia. He was a member of the Execu¬
tive Committee, and of the Committee on
Awards.____
GEORGE A. MANNING.
George A. Man rung was born in Maine in
1836, where he lived until 1859, when he went
to California. Ho engaged in mining in differ¬
ent parts of the state until the commencement
of the civil war when he enlisted in Company F.
2nd. California cavalry.
He served in different capacities in the war.
GEORGE A. MANNING,
NATIONAL COMMI.SSIONER FROM IDAHO.
receiving many promotions for gallant service,
retiring from the S‘?rvice in 1865 as major.
Returning to California he engaged in civil oc-
cuxiations until 1870, whc'u he nuiioved to Idaho,
Since his removal to that state he has en¬
gaged in the xiractice of law, having held many
Xiositions of trust and honor. He was axixioiuti'd
a member of the national board of commis¬
sioners to the World's Columbian Exxiositioii
111 llinl i-nonciiv diivinL'' tlu' Exiiositioil.
FRED J. KIESEL.
Fred J. Kiesel, World’s Fair Commissioner
from Utah, was born in Germany, May 19.1841.
In his fifteenth year he came to America, living
in New York; later he removed to Miuiixihis,
Tenn., where he was when the waar broke out.
He served a year in the Confederate Army,
then started on his way westward driving an ox
team, and arriving at Salt Lake City, in 1863.
He was one of the first anti-Mormon s in Utah
and has alwaays been a strong advocate against
Xjolyganiy. In 1889 he was elected mayor of
Cgden, the first iion-Mormon mayor in the
territory.
'He has now" retired from x^^^blic service, and
is engaged in attending to his own affairs in
which he has been very prosperous.
FRED J. KIESEL,
NATIONAL COMMISSIONER FROM UATH.
STATUK OF (H)LUMBUS, EAST ENTRANCE ADMINISTRATTON RUTLI)TN(
STATUE OF OHIO'S PROMINENT MEN, NEAR OHIO BUILDING
('AMJ‘liELi;S ILLUSTRATED IIISTOKV OF THE WORLD'S ('OLU3I1UAX EXPOSITION.
T71
SIR HENRY TRUEMAN WOOD,
SECRETARY ROYAL BRITISH COMMISSION TO WORLD’S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
geeat beitain at the exposition.
\ ictoria House, ” so named by special per¬
mission of Oueeii Victoria, was the charminu',
commodious and elaborately furnished head-
(|iiartei's of the British Eoyal Commi.ssiou.
Situated on the very margin of the lake, a
fine commanding view of the Exposition harbor
was had from any part of the building or
grounds. The design of this building was of the
sixteenlh cmifury style of architecture, con¬
structed of oak, brick and terra cotta, with tiled
roof.
ihe reception rooms, parlors, offices and jury
rooms were s])lendidly arranged and hand¬
somely furnished; walls and ceilings were pnn-
egg jiowders, honey, chocolate, confectionary,
beeswax, sugar, concentrated beef, preserved
fish, meats and soups, churn and dairy appli¬
ances, table sauces, pickles and siiices, tobacco
and cigars, mustard, groats, barley, cordials,
vinegar, whiskey, gin, rum, ales and stout, pre¬
served fruits, cordial and beverages. In Horticul¬
tural building were seventeen exhibiters showing
grapes, confectionery, plants, flowers, seeds,
vases, etc.
In Hines and Hining building were forty-two
exhibiters showing fine collective exhibits of all
the minerals of Great Britain including coal,
coke, pori)hcry, slate, stone, fuller’s earth, China
fire bricks, mica, Portland cement, bricks and
tiles, cement, salt, iron and steel.
the skill or cunning of man or woman to execute
by machine or hand.
The section devoted to the British exhibit in
this department covered a large amount of space
near the center of the building on the west
side. The woolen and cotton manufacturing in¬
dustries of the country, had one of the largest
representations.
In Fine Arts building were 1130 exhibits of
sculpture and paintings of exquisite design and
execution. Some of the most noft'd groups of
statuary in the Art section were exhibits from
that country, Dickens and ‘‘Little Nell” beinf>-
among the number.
In Liberal Arts department were 115 exhibit¬
ers, showing collections under ihe several groups
VICTORIA HOUSE, GREAT BRITAIX'S
BUILDING AT THE EXPOSITION.
eled to correspond with the old English style of
first-class country houses.
Artistic plaster models in fac-simile of works
in seveivil of the European palaces were showii
in various rooms.
The library was finished in oak, with book
cases extending from floor to ceiling, which was
ribbed in geometrical form and added to the
attractiveness of the room.
For tJio pavposo of showing the collection of
exhii)its from Great Britain and the Colonies,
over oOO.dOO sciuare feet was alloted in tlie vari¬
ous buildings.
In Agricultural building were 112 exhibiters
showing dried grains, tyx)es of cereals, oatmeal,
wheat, oats, malt, baking ])o\vder, custard and
In Machinery building were sixty-one exhibit-
ters showing a great variety of useful machin¬
ery such as engines, dynamos, fire engines,
looms, etc.
Ic- 1 oinspoitation buihlmg were eighty-five
exhibiters making a complete showing of every¬
thing properly belonging to this department.
Among the leading exhibits, were models of some
of the most famous merchant and war vessels in
use by Great Britain, the Victoria, being the
largest and finest warship model at the Exposi¬
tion. The huge engines shown by the London
and Great Northern and Great Western rail¬
ways were marvels of strength and speed.
In Manufactures department were 230 exhi¬
bitors showing almost everything possible for
of hygiene, literature, etc.
In \V omans’ building were 043 exhibiters with
single and collective exhibits whiclmvere attrac-
live, valuable and appropriate for such a place.
Great Britain was represented at the Exposi-
by the following gentlemen: Sir Henry True¬
man Wood, Secretary Eoyal Commission; E. H.
Lloyd, Assistant Secretary and General Super¬
intendent, Eoyal Commission; Ealph A. Har-
bord, Private Secretary; J. W. Beck, Superin¬
tendent Fine Arts; E. FI. Fishbourne, M.A.. L
L.B., Su23erintendent Manufactures; H. D.
Wilkinson, JVI. I. E. E,, Suiierintendent of Ma¬
chinery, etc.; Thomas Baker, Superintendent of
Transportation; H. W^. Pearson, Sujierinten-
dent of Agriculture.
SIR HENRY TRUEMAN ^VOOD.
xVmon^llie leadint^ men representing foreign
countries at tlie Morld’s Fair, is Sir Henry
Trueman M"ood, Secretary of the Royal British
Commission, whose portrait adorns the first
page of the present issue of this journal.
His career as a man of his day dates from
1870, when lie received the appointment of Sec¬
retary to the Society of Arts in succession to the
late Mr. P. Le Neve Poster, and a more en¬
ergetic rejiresentative that distinguished cor¬
poration has never liad. In wealth, usidulness,
and public repute it has grown exceedingly
since Sir Henry became its executive officer.
The Health Exhi])ition of 1883 lirought Sir
Henry somewhat prominently to the fore; the
when the influence of General Boulanger was
at its greatest height, and the general feeling
in this country was that Paris was much more
likely to see a revolution than an exhibition in
1889. Funds were wanting. There was no
Government grant, and nobody thought it was
possible to make a foreign section of an inter¬
national exhibition self-supporting.
Sir Henry, hovrever, believed it could be done.
His committee supported him, and a scheme
was devised for obtaining the necessary funds
among the exhibiters. Things quieted down a
bit in Paris. Exhibiters crowded in till all
available space was more than filled, and in the
event a sum of 30,000?. was raised and exjxmded.
The result was a triumph for the British sec¬
tion, and it was won without the aid of a Royal
Commission, without the prestige of Royal
Sir Henry, who was educated at Harrow and
Cambridge', is an enthusiastic amateur of sci¬
ence, an excelh'iit photographer, a Freemason
of some renown, and the author of several books.
As he will not conqdete his forty-se've'uth year
until Novendn'r next, it may fairly be exclaimed
for liini that lie has made the most of his time
in the public service.
When the AVorld's Fair was decided upon
Sir H('nry ^Yood was apjioiided Secretary of
the Royal Commission, since which time he
has (h'voted his time and abilities to furlhering
the success of the English section at the Fair.
Since Sir Henry came to Chicago he has made
a host of friends among the repix'sentatives of
all nations, by his genial manners, enterprise
and progressivi'iiess. He is untiring in his work
of promoting Great Britain’s interest at theFair.
PHOTOGRAPH OF THE SUNLIGHT SOAP EXHHHT, BRITISH SECTION MANUFACTURES BUILDING, WITH A MlNIATURl'] REPRODUCTION
OF THE FAMOUS WINDSOR CASTLE.
SUNLIGHT SOAP EXHIBIT.
Inventions Exhibition, two years later, in¬
creased his reputation as an organizer and
director of large resource, unfailing energy, and
consideralde power of initiation; but it was the
Paris Exhibition of 1889 which showed his
real capacity for this kind of work. The refus¬
al of the British Government to give any official
recognition to the exhibition — France’s celebra¬
tion of the centenary of the Revolution — forced
the Society of Arts and its Secretary ‘Wood
into a position for which they were both well
suited. Sir Henry AYood, acting with his friend
Sir Philip Cunliffe-Owen and others, induced
Lord Mayor De Keyser to form a Mansion
House committee for the organization of a
British section at the Exposition. At first the
difficulties were very great. It was the time
patronage. x\.s the executive officer of the enter¬
prise, by whom the whole admistrat ive work was
carried out, Mr. ^Yood was created an officer of
the Legion of Honor by tlie French Government
and received the honor of knighthood at the
hands of his own Sovereign.
Sir Henry springs from a respectalile Devon¬
shire family, which has xiroduced some men of
mark: The late Lord Chancellor Halhcrley;
Mr. AYestern ^Yood, sometime M. P. for the
City of London; and General Sir Evelyn 7Yood,
at present Commmander-in-Chief at Aldershot,
for example. His father, Mr. 7Y. Burton Persse
00(1, was a nephew of the celebrated Sir
Matth ew ^Yood, Queen Caroline's supporter,
who was twice Lord IMayor of London, and its
representative in Parliament
The ('xhibit made by the Sutdight Soap Com¬
pany in the British S('ction of tlu' Mannfactures
building attracts innch attention. This soap is
(me of the greatest cleam'rs in the world, and
has larger sah's than any other made, the d(‘-
]nand in Great Britain alone biung far beyond
the supply. An iiderest ing ])art of the exhi])it
is a re])ro(lucti(m of the ceh'brated Windsor
Castle, in England, which adorns the upp('r
])art (jf th(3 pavilion in which the exhibit is
made. This little miniature of the home of
England’s (pie(‘n is a work of art and is admirc'd
by thousands (d‘ visitors ('very day. A general
id('a of its enormous size and l)eauty may be
obtained from this little model.
CA^IPliELL’S ILLESTPATKI) HTSTOPY OF THE WORLD’S COLUMDIAX EXPOSITION.
H. I. M. QUEEN VICTORIA.
The portrait of H. I. AI. Queen
Vicioria, whicli we prcKeiit in this
issiK', is i)ublish('(l with tlie special
peruiission of Her Alost Gracious
A case on the ground floor of
the Woman’s building is filled with
various articles for children’s wear
of delicately fine, beautifully
wrought and neat needlework,
made by Her Alajesty. So illus¬
timehas some import¬
ant occupation, and
that in the midst of
so much engrossing
business of statt\
Her Alajesty should
liave been able to
spend some thought
on and do some
work for exhibit in
Chicago, is a matter
of congratulation to
all concerned. When
t he greatest lady and worthiestwom-
an i]i the world upholds the Colum¬
bian Exposition with her special
interest and commendation no fear
can exist of the good results of
this grand educational scheme
throughout all lands.
H. R. H. PRINCESS CHRIS¬
TIAN,
The prevalent idea among the
uninitiated is that the life of a
princess consists of one continued
round of varied pleasure, and that
every care is taken to exclude
from her knowledge the trouldes
and privations which encompass
those less fortunately born. Noth¬
ing is farther from the truth in
respect to the royal English prin¬
cesses. Their hearty patronage of
the many schemes for the good of
the people, that are prtmioted by
the rich and charitable, are im¬
mensely benefited by their influ¬
ence and example, while their con¬
stant presence amid the homes of
the poorer cla.sses, helping anci
strengthening them, with kind and
judicious counsel, to l)ear their
heavy Imrdens of grief or want
show tlu'ir great desire to do all
possible to assist their fellow ereat-
ures and stimulate them with the
necessary impetus to further en¬
deavor.
No better example of what the
life of a i)rincess ought to l)e, can
be given than that of the Princess
Christian, fourth daughter of
Queen Victoria. Like the late
Princess .Alice of Hesse, whose
memory is so venerated by all, tlu'
Princess Hidena has not been so
well endowt'd with worldly goods
as others of her brothers and sis¬
ters; she has had in a measure to
use strict economy in her house¬
hold, and has proved the efficiency
of a thorough knowledge of the
wcnnanly acconiplishnient of
needlework, in being able to cut
out and make her childreies clothes
and otherwise save expenses that a
straightened income rendered es¬
sential. Her time and talents have
also been cordially given to many
public corporations for the amelior¬
ation of mankind generally. The
Princess Christian is president of
‘‘The National Health Society;”
“The Royal British Nurse's Asso¬
ciation,” which has lately been
passed by parliament as a regis¬
tered x^i’^^f^^ssion; “ The Royal
School of Art Needlework’' and
also president of “ The Ladies
Committee in connection with
II. I. M. QUEEN VICTORIA, FROM THE LATEST PHOTOGRAPH
BY SPECIAL PERMISSION.
Alajesty granted to the representa¬
tive in Chicago of the Royal
School of Art Needlework, of
which oiganization the Queen is
patron, and lun* daughter Helena,
the Princess Christian of Schles¬
wig Holstein, the president.
The interest and sympathy of
the royal family in woman's work
is fully shown in the British ex-
hiliits in the AVoman's building at
the AVorld’s Fair, where there are
to be seen many specimens of the
industry and handicraft of the
Queen and lu'r daughters. Alost
of the pieces are of a useful order,
proving that their spare moments
are ofttimes spent in making
<rarments suitable for gifts to the
cottagers in the neighborhood of
their residences.
trious and honored an example
should have the effect of making
many a young mother desirous of
emulating the Queen in this most
womanly work. In the east gal¬
lery there is a frame containing
several wat-^r-color and pencil
sket lies, taken by Her Alajesty
from the windows of her private
rooms, of scenes around Balmoral
Castle, which are especially inter¬
esting. They are replete with ar¬
tistic talent of a high degree, as is
also the study of an Hindoo which
shows vigorous handling and well
blended tones. It is extremely
gratifying to observe how, in many
ways. Queen Victoria has shown
her deep interest in the AVorld’s
Fair, and more esxiecially with wo¬
man's work. Every hour of her
' %
H. R. H. PRINCEti^S CHRISTIAN, BY SPECIAL PERMISSION.
1^75
CAMPBELI/S ILL! STBATEI) HISTORY OE THE WORl.irS OOLUHIVEW EXPOSITION.
work of the Royal British Commission at the
Chicaj^o World’s Columbian Exposition.”
The Marchioness of Salisbury; the Baroness
Burdett-Coutts, the Countess of Aberdeen, the
Duchess of Abercorn, the Lady Henry Gros-
venor, Lady Amherst of Hackney, Lady
Alfred Churchill, Lady Agnes Buren, Lady
Jeune, Lady Huntsford, Lady Gallon, Lady
Roberts, Mrs. Bedford Fenwick, Mrs. Tassell,
Mrs. Roberts Austen, and Miss Webster are
the leaders associated with the Princess in this
undertaking. The extremely interesting and
comprehensive exhibit of
woman’s work in the Eng¬
lish section attests to the
zealous care and attention
that these ladies must have
given to the subject.
One of the most beauti¬
ful and artistic is the ex¬
hibit of the Royal School
of Art Needlework. This
is wholly designed and
worked by ladies, most of
them of noble birth but
impoverished fortune, who
take this means of adding
to their income. All of
them have necessarily
much artistic taste, as they
are not allowed by the
school to trace their de¬
signs on the cloth or silk
they embroider, but must
be able to carry out, in its
entirety, the idea suggested
by the design given to
them. Several of the man¬
sions of the nobility in
Europe have been decora¬
ted by the Royal School.
A beautiful specimen of
the work is in the drawing¬
rooms of Eaton Hall be¬
longing to the Duke of
Westminster, the walls of
which are covered with
panels of white silk em¬
broidered with flowers in
their natural colors, en¬
twined wilh scrolls of gold
thread, and enclosed in
frames mounted with gold.
The appropriateness of the
conception and the perfec¬
tion of the detail, has made
Jiis art work famed all
over the world, and no
doubt many of our readers
will remember having seen
it when sight-seeing in
England, The most
elaborate and beautiful
pieces of Art Work in the
Woman’s building is a tajD-
estry, worked in silk, of
the Goddess Pomona. This is so well suited to
adorn one of the magnificent residences in Chi¬
cago that it should not be allowed to be taken
from the city, but be added to its multitudin¬
ous attractions. In the various cases will be
found many x^ieces of work by the royal x^rin-
cesses. A coarse knitted wool man’s jersey and
a table-centre of fine white linen, embroidered
with silk, is x^f^H of the contribution of the
Princess Christian. The Princess of Wales
and her daughters have sent samples of wood
carving and brass work as well as needlework.
The Princess May and her mother, the well-
beloved Duchess of Tech, exhibit in a case
some crochet wool work of a useful character—
a man’s waistcoat, cot-covers and baby’s cape.
The examxdes of smocking to be seen in the ex-
hi])it of the Princess of Wales’ Technical
School at Sandringham are most excpiisite and
beautifully finished. The of the
royal family in art is well known. That the
Queen and her daughters have x^ormitted some
of their i^aintings to be exhibited at the World’s
Fair is a graceful act, greatly ax)preciated by
the American x^eople. The Princess Louise, in the
charming study of “A Girl’s Head,” in water-
colors has admirably rendered the x^^se of the
sweet features of her subject, the coloring bt'ing
soft and charmingly finished. The “View in
Sicily,” in oil, XJaintedby the Princess Beatrice,
is a well-chosen scene combining a sea and
land etfect: the warm tints of the sunny south
and the persx^ective being esx)ecially well x^or-
trayed. Princess Christian shows the versatil¬
ity of her genius in a study in oil of a view on
the Rhine, which dexiicts the ruined castle high
above the river, with the village nestling below
under its shadow, the whole lightened by the
reflected rays of the moon hiddtm among clouds,
making with the distant hills a most jncturescpie
scene very tyxncal of the mystical stream, every
inch of which has some romantic or dark legend
attached to it. All these xuctures are hung with
the sketches of Queen Victoria in the East
Gallery in the Woman’s building, and are daily
admired by thousands.
THE ILLINOIS WO¬
MAN’S TRAINING
SCHOOL.
WOMAN’S EN G R A V TNG.
In the center corridor of Woman's building is
an elaborate and unusual disxilay of work done
in metal, A hirge easel holds a rackcf)ntaining
ninety-three medals, designed and engraved ])y
a woman. Near by are hn-ty-five bronze
placpies with figures of x^rondneut men and
women by the same lady. The work is by Mrs.
Lea Ahlborn, who is royal designer for Sweden
and has designed many United States coins.
“MUSIC,” PIECE OF STATUARY BY MARTINY, OVER NORTH ENTRANCE TO
FINE ARTS BUILDING.
In a commodious and
comfortable building just
oxJX^osite the Children’s
building is an exhibit,
shown by the Illiiiois Wo¬
man’s Training School for
Nurses. This building is
furnished in an exceeding¬
ly tasty and charming
manner. The eiderx)rise
has an ax)i)rox)riation from
the Illinois Woman’s
Board and all the resichuit
X3hysicians of Illinois and
Training Schools weiu*
invited to co-ox)erate with
this board.
The building is tit l(xl u|i
with the latest iiiijjroved
medical convetiimces. In
fact a hosxUtal fully
equix)X3ed with all modcM-n
devices is shown. Tht'
linen-closets are rex)lele,
a model kitchen, an t)X)er-
ating room, a woman’s and
children’s ward, office and
XJi’ivate ward are all com-
X)lete. Dr. Mary A. Miiu'r
is director of tlu' exhibit,
and is a resident
cian of the regular school.
Different x>hysicians have
been in attendence each
month, who come from all
parts of the state. A
head nurse !ind comx)et.eid
assistants ari' also in at¬
tendance.
T1 lis hosx)ital is one of
the most iinx^ortant ad¬
juncts of the Fair and
commands the attention of
visitors, as it is wholly
under the sux)ervision,
d i r (' c t i o n ami care of
women.
INTERIOR VIEW CENTRAL AISLE OF AGRICULTURAL BUILDING, LOOKING WEST, SHOWING EXHIBITS OF FRANCE, NEW YORK, INDIANA, CANADA AND GALLPIRY DISPLAYS.
I ^
I
v:
INTERIOR VIEW CENTRAL AISLE OP AGRICULTURAL BUILDING, LOOKING NORTH, SHOWING EXHIBITS
OF CALIFORNIA, SOUTH DAKOTA, WYOMING, PERSIA, GREAT BRITAIN AND GALLERIES.
CAMPBKLl/S ILLrSTRATEl) HLSTORY OF THE WORLD’S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
TTn
CANADA AT THE EXPOSITION.
The Canadian building cost $30,000. It was
near the lake, o[)p(jsite “Victoria House’' and
coininanded from its comnKjdious pfU'clies tine
views in every direction. Tlie interior finish
was of Canadian woods highly polished. Par¬
lors, offices, reception rooms, post office, registry
rooms, were conveniently arranged. Over five
hundred Canadian newspapers were on file.
The illustration will give a more accurate idea
of the building than any word description.
Collective exhibits were shown from Ontario,
Ifritish Columbia, Alanitoba, Halifax, New
Ih'unswick, Prince Edward’s Island,and North¬
west territories.
In Agricultural building Canada was repre-
setdf'd by 270 exhibiters showing tobacco, honey,
potatoes, beans, peas, sugar, syrups, cheese,
carts, bicycles, models of vessels, yachts, barges,
canoes and boats.
In Manufactures building were 143 exhibiters
showing, druggists’ supplies, paints, paper, irp-
holstery, ceramics, mosaics, silk, yarns, woolen
goods, clothing, laces, embroideries, trimmings,
artificial flowers, etc. Canada occupied a con¬
spicuous position in this department near the
center of the building on Columbia avenue. An
attractive pavilion adorned the space.
In Fine Arts department were 195 exhibits
of paintings in oil and water colors.
In Liberal Arts department were fifty-five ex¬
hibiters of hygiene, education, literature, civil
commerce and musitn
In Forestry building were thirteen exhibits of
native woods.
J. S. Larke, executive commissioner; A. R. C.
Selwyn, C. M. G., L. L. D. iirector geological
VENEZUELA AT THE EXPOSITION
The appropriation by Venzuela for Exposition
purposes was $30,000. The building of the
republic occupied a space oi 284 square meters
and was divided into three parts. The central
part of the building was square, 3fix3() feet in
size, the two wings were each 21x30 feet, making
an entire frontage of 78 feet.
The main building and wings were crowned
with domes of iron and glass, furnishing abund¬
ant light. On the left tower was a statue in
bronze of Columbus and on the right a statue
of Bolivar, these statues were 9 feet high and
weighed 2,000 lbs.
The exhibit and reception rooms were richly
decorated with draperies and vellum. The
architecture was in the Graecio-Roman Temple
style and finished in imitation of marble. The
DOMINION OF CANADA'S BUILDING AT TPIE EXPOSITION.
beer, ales, stout, and agricultural machines.
In Horticultural department were443exhibit-
ers showing grapes, wines, apples, pears, plums,
raspberries, gooseberries, currants, cherries,
peaches, various cacti, plants and vegetables.
In Fisheries building were twenty-six ex¬
hibiters, slunving a great variety of canned fish,
oysters, clams, and fish i)roducts.
In Mines and Mining building were 274 ex¬
hibiters of liiiiu'ral ores, native metals, gems,
crystals, cord, building stone, mica, graphite,
clays and their products of abt'stos, lime-stone
caunents, copper (dc.
In Machinery building were forty exhibiters,
showing motcu's, tire (uigiues, hand tools, and
general machinery.
In Trans])ortation d('})artment were fifty-eight
exhibiters, showing car-wheels, sleighs, wagons,
survey; Wilbert David Dimock, secretary; L.
Woolverton, superintendent Horticulture; J.
A. J. Joulet, superintendent agricultural ma¬
chinery; W. Alorton, superintendent Liberal
Arts; C. F. Cox, superintendent Fish and
4 isheries; Chas. de Cozes, ass t. Indian commis¬
sioner; S. P. Alay, D. C. L., director for Ontario
(Liberal Arts); Hon. A. C. P. K. Landry, com-
misioners for Quebec; Rev. P. N. Bruchesi,
canon; Hon. L. Beaubein, Hon. J. G. Joly de
Lothimere and S. C. Sterenson, advisory com¬
missioner for Quebec; Hon. W. D. Perley, com¬
missioner for Northwest territories; Alexander
McKay, advisory commisioner for Nova Scotia;
R. V . Starr, advist)ry commissioner for Nova
Scotia; Charles F. Law, commissii^iier province'
of British Columbia; N. Awrey, Al. P. P., com¬
missioner for Ontario.
building was surrounded with a garden show¬
ing tropical plants.
Exhibits from Venezuela were showm in the
various departments of Agriculture, Horticul¬
ture, Mines, Alanufactures, Liberal Arts, and
Government building.
Venezuela was represented at the Exposition
by Dr. Francisco E. Bustamante, E. E. and Ah
P., president ad honorem; Dr. David Lobo, sec¬
retary of legation; Dr. Alanuel Vicente Toledo,
commissioner;Air. J. AI. Larralde,commissioner;
Air. Jacinto Lopez, commissioner; Dr. H. Rive¬
ro Saldivia, consul general, counselor; Air. J.
A. Samdiez, ad honorem; Air. A. S. Baker, com¬
missioner ad honorem; Air. Alanuel Cadenas,
commissioner ad honorem; Dr. A. Ernst, in
charge of relics, etc.. Foreign Affairs depart¬
ment.
CAMPr,ELT;S TLLrSTRATKI) HISTORY OF THE WORLD'S ('Ol^lAUVIAX KXIMISITIOX.
EXHIBIT FROM MAXITOBA.
ONTARIO IN THE MINING BUILDING.
The province of Ontario took a leadiiitlie
ditferent departments at the AVorld’s Fair, in
tlie amount of space occupied and the extent
and character of its exhibits. This was especi¬
ally true in the Mines and Minina- building.
This province was one of the leading exliibiters
in the Mining department, its display covering
a large amount of space.
Among the principal minerals shown were
iron, wliicli is to be found in all jjarts of the prov¬
inca', chiefly in the form of magnetite and hema¬
tite; copper, which is found in paying cpianti-
ties in many parts of the country; nickel, which
is found in the Sudbuy district in small cpianti-
ties, zinc, which is found on the north shore
of Lake Superior, where zinc-blend occurs in
lodes from two to sixteen feet wide and un¬
known length.
Owing to a niisunderstanding between the
Canadian commission and the representatives
from the province of Manitoba the latter did
not make an officdal exhibit at the Exposition.
The reason, as understood, was the faid that
the space allotted Canada in the different de¬
partments by the Exposition, was by that
country leased to the different provinces, each
one being asked to pay for the space occu¬
pied.
Partially on this account, and believing it
could make a better display by grouping exhib¬
its than by scattering them in the different de¬
partments^ Manitoba decided to make an inde-.
pendent exhibit, outside of the Exposition
grounds. A very large building was erected on
Stony Island avenue near the Fifty-seventh
street entrance to Jackson Park in which was
T71I
DENMARK AT THE FAIR.
In the early days of the World's Fair, Emil
Meyer, Commissioner General of Denmark,
came to Chicago, and the favorable report he
took back to his government induced it to ap¬
propriate $t)7,0(X) on condition that the Indus¬
trial Socic'ty of Copenhagen, of which Mr. Meyer
is a leading member, »vould assume all the re¬
sponsibility of the national exliibit.
Mr. jMeyer's representative in Chicago was
Mr. Otto A. Dreier, who for seven years has
i)een Vice Consul of Denmark and who is iiow
Acting Consul, D('nmark had no special build¬
ing, and lu'r principal exhibit was in tlu' de¬
partment of Manufactures.
The Danish Pavilion covered 12,000 s(]uare
feet 11 contaim'd displays of gold and silver¬
ware' and j('wel('ry; ('xhibits of porce'lain, teriai
cotta and c('ramics, andtlu' works (J‘ the vvomt'ii
EXHIBIT OF PROVINCE OF ONTARIO, CANADA, IN MIXES AND MINING BUILDINtt, WORLD'S FAIR.
Antimony, lead and sulphur are found in many
parts of the province, the exhibit at the Fail-
containing some fine spec-imens of each. Silver
and gold are in ditferent parts of the country
in paying tpiantities, quite a numbt'r of nug¬
gets be'ing shown in the exhibit. Platinum is
also shown.
Among the buildinp; and ornanmental stones
were granite, gneiss, syenite, jasper, samlstone,
freestone, limestone, marble, lithographic stone,
soapstone, steatite, graphite, molybdenite, ac-
tinolite, asbestos, mica, feldspar, gyiisum, salt,
barite, celestite, pyrites, apatite, petroleum and
various other useful ami commercial minerals.
Besides the excellent display of minerals
made, Ontario showed several valuable maps of
its mineral producing sections, showing loc.'ition
and strata of its ditferent ore-beariiig rock.
displayed the products of the country. This ex¬
hibit consisted more especially of agricultural
and food products. One particularly fine pyra¬
mid of tlonr and an ornamented piece of grains
were among the attractive features. One dis¬
play of grain in a large case was surmounted by
a reproduction of a sledge drawn by four Esqui¬
maux dogs.
The animals native to the province were dis¬
played in various ways. Specimens of deer,
moose and other game animals weri' c n exhibi¬
tion, together with many of the fur-beariug
sjiecies. Its mineral display was another attrac¬
tive feature, while its exhibit of woods con¬
tained many useful in manufactui-ing. Tin'
entire ('xhibit made by the province was one of
interest, and it was unfortunate space was not
secured for an official representation.
of Denmark, consisting of artistic embroideries,
lace and decorative articles.
T1 le room in which Hans Christian Amh'rson,
the celebrati'd author of childi'('n’s tales, livc'd
and worked was reproduced. Many of his bi'st
writings could also be seen, Anotlu'r room was
devoted to the exiiosition of relics and works
of the greatest modern sculptor, Bertel Thoi--
waldsen.
Of th(' works of art sent from Dc'iimark, which
filled three rooms of the west annex of the Art
building, i)articular attention was given to tin'
large group of tin' Royal Family, which in¬
cluded portraits of His iMajesty, King Chris¬
tian IX find tin' (^uecn of Dennuirk, with their
children find gi-findchildren. Tlu're were also
nuiny ]jfiintings from the brushes of artists iJ'
past renown, fis well as groups of statuary.
u\{) CAMPT’>ELL’S H.LIV
CANADA'S BIG CHEESE.
Tn tho Ao^ricultural were many in¬
teresting- ('xhil)its of* (Jairy })r()(liu‘ts, bnl la'cause
of its enonnons siz(‘, Canada’s him'('lie(‘se slionld
have special ineidion. Tl was made in Lanark
connty, Canada, weighs iweidy-two tlionsand
})onnds and was a hnu'c* disk six feet tliick.
Every cow in Lanark county coidril)uted three
days of their best milk to pre])are this nni([ue
exhi])it and ('vt'ry visitor was anxions to chip off
a sandwich from this ^-reatest representation of
the cheese family.
STATlkAKY AT THE EXPOSITION.
The home of art can no longer be said to have
rilATEI) HISTORY OF THE AYORLH’S COLL
In order that these works of art might be seen
in every detail from a distance', it was necessary
to have them of immense size and .so accurately
proportioned that when seen on the top of the
highest building from the ground below, they
wonld stand out with stereoscopic etfect and
l)erfection, such as it is only i)ossible for a true
artist to attain.
To carry brick and mortar, or drive nails in
soft boards, many laborers could be found, l)ut
to duplicate the productions of the greatest,
artists of the world required the best talent in
that line that could be found and (he directors
are to be congratulated in their selection of
artists, the result of their work proving they
were vrell chosen.
AY hen it is understood that the statues and
MBIAN EXPOSITION.
finally finished and occupying their proper
places on the buildings or elsewhere, will <>iyQ
any person an accurate idea of the great amount
of work involved and the commendable perfec¬
tion reached in the finished groujis.
Almost every sentiment and subject was illu-
strated, as for instance, Commerce, Industry
Justice, Religion, AAhar, Peace. Science, Charity
Truth, Strength, Abundance,Tradition,Liberty^
Joy, Diligence, Education, Unity, Patriotism
Theology, Pishermaid, Bather, Air, Diana, Art
Harvesting, Electricity, Blacksmith, Chemistry,
AAhder, Fire, Earth and many others.
The perfection of art is in being able to pre-
serve the likeness of the individual represented
as well as securing the position most suitable to
show Uie strongest point of character.
MAMMOTH CHEESE IN CANADA'S EXHIBIT IN THE AGRICULTURAL DEPARTMENT
its home in Greece or Rome, but has been trons-
lilanted to the shore of Lake Ylichigan, almost
in the v('ry c('iit('r of the great continent of
Auu'rica, which was undiscovered and unknown
wnen the great historical artists in scul})ture
wer(' attracting tlu' comment and praise of all
connoisseurs because of their masterly produc¬
tions.
For the ])ur[)oses of all ornamentation, with¬
out considering the (]uest ion of ])ermanency the
Ex[)osition managi'mi'iit was enabled to havi'
produced fac-similes of the bi'st designs of all
h'ading artists in tlu' world, and these groups
and singh' tiguri's (x-cupied every appro[)riate
place on all the Exposition buildings and on
the prominent avenues and driveways.
sculpture modeling, including the tempor--
ary buildings and tools necessary for this work
cost the great sum of $8G(),172.12, the value and
importance placed upon this work, as educating
object lessons by the management, can be
readily realized.
Art critics and connoisseurs from every coun¬
try have been entranced with admiration while
beholding the life-lik(' accuracy of the great
number of gioups and statues that met their
evt's in every direction and they have carried
away with them mental pictures that will assist
in ennobling and eidarging their ideas ot tiie
possibilities of man.
ih? illustrations in this work, showing the
statuary in process of construction, as well as
Ideal subjects and grouping require more abi¬
lity in designing, but the preciseness of execu¬
tion is not so important as in a statue from life,
because, in such cases, an actual expression
must be preserved.
In the work done for the Columbian Exposi¬
tion all groups and statues are accurate fac-simi-
les of the originals, with every detail fully and
carefully preserved, and hence their great value
as W(jrks of art.
It must be understood that these groups and
statues were made possible la'cause of the ma¬
terial of staff used in tlnnr construction, but for
the purpose of temporary ornamentation they
were just as desirable as though chiseled out
of solid marble.
CAM?BELT;S illustrated HTSTOKY of the WORLirS ('OLUMHIAX EX POSITION.
CANADA’S EXHIBIT IN THE AGRICUL¬
TURAL BUILDING.
Canada occupies about 2,500 square feet of
space in the east end of the Af 2 ;ricultural build¬
ing on the main avenue running east and west.
In this space can be seen a display from On¬
tario, Nova Scotia, Quebec, Canada, British
Columbia, and the Northwest Territory.
The pavilion is a handsome one and is com¬
posed of the grain productions of that country.
In Ontario’s department is a trophy made from
grains j)roduced at the experimental farm at
Guelph, Ontario, which illustrates in an excel¬
lent manner the great grain resources of that
section of the country.
In the center of the exhibit is a very large
trophy, one side of which is made from grains
produced at the experimental farm in the North-
THE WARD NATURAL SCIENCE
EXHIBIT.
Occupying the entire south gallery in the
Anthropological building is the exhibit made
by Ward’s Natural Science Establishment of
Rochester, N. Y. This is one of the largest and
finest collections ever seen in this city, and con¬
tains volumes of information to the student of
natural history.
Besides an exhaustless display of si)eciniens
in the natural history of the present age, the
exhibit contains reproduced specimens of the
mammals, reptiles, birds and fish of almost
every age of the world, from the Silurian, the
first record of life, through the Devonian, Car¬
boniferous, Reptilian, Mammalian, up to that
of Man. Some of the specimens from the Rep¬
tilian age show great skeletons of what, to all
un
while the tusks are at least ten feet in length.
The body is covered with a heavy coat of long
black hair, showing that the animal inhab¬
ited the Arctic regions.
It would require a long and able article to
give a detailed account of this exhibir, but it
is one that no student t)r person inteia^sted in
natural history should fail to see or study. The
large crowds of pt'ople to be found around the
cases is evidence of its great interest and
powers of attraction.
IN THE HIDE AND LEATHER EXHIBIT.
To show the importance of the hide and
leather industry of this country one needs only
to make a visit to the exhibit made in this
branch of trade in the special building erected
in the southeast part of the Exposition grounds.
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PHOTOGRAPH OF THE EXHIBIT MADE BY THE DOMINION OF CANADA IN THE AGRICULTURAL BUILDING, WORLD’S FAIR.
west Territory, another from those grown on
the Central Experimental Farm, of Canada, and
another from the Maratime Province farm.
There is a fine display of tobacco from Que¬
bec and a large exhibit of animals and fowls
from the Northwest Territory. In a display of
lurs and skins from that section is a buffalo
robe, said to be the largest in this country. It
is over eight feet S(piare, and is valued at $500.
The display of grains in every part of the pav¬
ilion is very extensive. A large vat is filled
with wheat and each person who registers re¬
ceives a small sack to carry away as a souvenir
of their visit.
•, Manitoba makes no exhibit inside of the
grounds, so that she is not represented in the
showing made by the other countries of British
America.
appearances, may have been huge kangaroos.
The bones of the tail continue beyond the body
several feet, the reptile resting on this caudal
appendage and its hind legs, while the front
feet, arms, legs, or whatever they ntay be termed,
are up in the air in the same position a kanga¬
roo assumes when it is running.
Specimens of plant and animal life found
imbedded in the rocks peculiar to the Devonian
and Carboniferous ages are to be seen in abund¬
ance. The specimen of a mammoth reproduced
from one tusk and a few bones, found near
Stuttgart, Wurtemburg, is modeled to a certain
extent after the great Siberian mammoth in
the Museum of The Imperial Academy, at St.
Petersburg. The reproduction shows an ani¬
mal about fifteen feet in hight and over twenty
feet from its hind parts to the end of its trunk,
In this building can be seen one of the most
interesting and instructive exhibits at the Fair
to everybody, from the fact that all are inter¬
ested in what to wear on their feet and hands.
The display of footwear is beyond descrip¬
tion, and what makes it douldy interesting is
the fact that every one can see how boots and
shoes are made at our great factories through¬
out the country. Several large manufacturing
firms have the machinery of the factories run¬
ning, showing all the details of the work of
making boots and shoes, from the cutting to
the finished article.
The entire gallery in this building is devoted
to the display of machinery for work in leather
and the work itself, while the main fiuor is
devoted to the exhibits of the finished products
of the leading manufacturei’s in the country.
u\'l
IIJ.rSTRATKI) HISTOKV OF THE WORLD’S COLUMBIAX EXPOSTTIOX.
CANADA'S PAVILION IN THE
MANUFACTURES AND LIBERAL ARTS DEPARTMENT.
EXHIBIT OF THE AMERICAN BRONZE COM!
’ANY IN MANUFACTURES DEPARTMENT.
IXJ)IAX SLED AXD ])OGS. MAXTTOBA'S EXHIIET, XEAL 'I'HE lOXPOSTTK)X (JliOUXDS.
IXTKRIOR VIEW OF MAXITOBA'S BUILDIXO, SHOWIXO PORTlOX OF EXHIBIT,
ft. -T- VV
EXHIBIT OF CANADA, QUEBEC, NOVA SCOTIA, ONTARIO, PRINCE EDWARD'S ISLAND AND THE NORTHWEST TERRITORIES IN THE HORTICULTURAL DEPARTMENT.
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CAMPP»ELT;S ILLUSTPATED HISTORV of the WORLD'S (H)LI MP»L\X EXPOSEPIOX.
in 5
A beautiful bedspread of Nile ^reen
silk richly painted with mar^nierites is
over all. Staudiui]: at the top of the
canopy is a biscpie imat^e holdiuL^in his
hand a red satin parasol,decorated with
plaque pictures illnstratinu: (diildhood
in its many phases and ])eriods.
This really artistic bed stands upon a
raised platform covered with ^reen cloth
adorned with an elaborate rn^, embroi¬
dered with Denmark’s national colors.
CANADIAN ART NEEDLEWORK.
RUTH CLEVELAND’S BED.
The women of Denmark have placed
in Mrs. Palmer’s jirivate office at the
Woman’s building an exquisite bed and
its appurtenances, which at the expira¬
tion of the World’s Fair will be given to
Miss Ruth Cleveland as a souvenir of the
great Exposition. The bedstead is artis¬
tic in design and is fashioned to represent
a shell. It is of wood and painted a daz-
In the Canadian Court of the Manu¬
factures building there is a unicpie ex¬
hibit of art necillework, collected and
arranged by Miss Rosina d. Barrett, of
Ottawa, Ontario, who was ajipointed by
the govt'rnment of Canada to make a
suitabU'st'lcction from s])ecinn'ns con¬
tributed from all parts of tlu' Dominion.
Among the many beautiful i)ieces, a
bed-spread of cream silk, richly embroi-
dcri'd with a design of tlu' national mn-
bh'in, the maple h'af, is particularly
admired. vSome <'X(}uisit(' fans of silk
gauze and bolting cloth, with mother-of-
pearl sticks, are ('m.broidcu’c'd in dilVt'r-
ent tiowers, so naturally wrought, that
both blossoms and leavi's sc'cni to havt'
blown or driftt'd u])on tlu'ir fragih'
background. A tire' sciaam in tin' same
style, of almond blossoms and birds, tin'
same on both sidt's, has rc'ci'ivt'd giH'at
comuiendat ion.
Th('S(' and a large' poi'tion of otln'r
kinds of embroidi'ry are' tln^ work of
])upils e)f Miss Jhirre'tt in lu'r se‘he)e)l at
Ottawa, anel la'lle'e-t. mue'h e're'elit e)n beetle
pupils anel te'ache'r. The' e'xhibit as a
whole can e'eaiqearee most favorably with
those' of othe'i" e'ouiilrie's, anel de'serves a
spee'ial visit.
Se've'ral int-e're'sting article's arc sheewn in Wee-
man’s buileling freeni Cape' Ceeleeny, Seenth Afri¬
ca. Tlu'y are spe'cimens eef rude! anel inartistic
work done by native women.
PHOTOGKAPTI of WOMAN’S STPK CULTURE EXIIIRIT, SIIOWINtt FOURr SKEIN REEL AT WORK.
PIIOTOORAPII OF WOMAN'S SILK CULTURE EXHIBIT, AGRICULTURAL BUIL 1 )IN(J.
zling white, elecorateel with fanciful re'lief in
gilt; while upeen the heaelbeearel is a tufte'el shell
of Nile green plush. From the top of the high
headbe^arel hangs a elrapery eef white crepe. The
bed is exe|uisit(dy dressed with sheets and
pillowcases of heavily embroidered linen.
WOMAN’S SILK CULTURE EXHIBIT.
The Woman’s Silk Culture Association U. S.
Philadelphia was incorporated May 31, 1880, by
a number of laelies who were stimulated by
feelings of philanthropy to add another indus¬
try to the homes of the agricultur¬
ists. As a ijroof that such an industry
was sought after and would soon become
one of the leading industries in this
country in that portion adapted to rais¬
ing of silk worms, has been evidenced
by over 60,000 inquiries coming rrom ail
over the United States.
The society has distributed many
thousand instruction books and circu¬
lars and also about 40,000 mulberry
trees. It has imrchased 15,000 ijounds
of cocoons from those cultivating silk,
and has sold over 2,000 pounds of reeled
or commercial silk.
The society has made sixty silk United
States flags; has manufactured 1,500
yards of dress silk and large quantities
of silk fringe and ribbon; has sent cabi¬
net exhibitions of the various products
of the silk industry to many agricultural
societies, and has sent exhibits of its
work with their reel and reeler to nearly
every Exposition held in the country
since the society organized.
The society has an extensive exhibit
in the Agricultural building, showing
the work of reeling done by American
girls, with their patent four-skein reeler,
which reels the silk from the cocoons.
The exhibit is an interesting one to
those unfamiliar with silk culture.
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WEST ENTRANCE TO THE MANUFACTURES HUILDlNCi,
SHOWIN(i
BRIDdE OVER LAGOON LEAJ)IN(;
TO ELECTRICITY RUILDINfJ.
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ELECTRIC AND MACMONNIES’ FOUNTAINS, AND EAST SECTION OF PALACE OF MECHANICAL ARTS, WORLD’S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
4<‘{a
0AAIIM’>I:LI/S ILIXSTIUTED history of the AVORLD'S COLUAIIHAX EXROSITTOX.
THOAIAS J. WOODWARD.
AIISS KATHARINE L. AIINOR.
THOAIAS J. AYOODWARD,
NATIONAL COMMISSIONER FROM LOUISIANA.
Tliomas J. AVoodward, Republi¬
can Coiundssioner from N('w Or¬
leans, La., is a descendant of AAbd-
ter AVoodMaird, wlio came from
England and settl'd at Scituate,
Alass., in l()d5. He was raised a
farmer on tlie coast of Alaine, re¬
ceiving a common-s(‘liooI and acad¬
emic education. He went to sea
in early life and, wlien tlie war
broke out in ISdl, commanded the
slop “Thirty-one States” in tlie
European trade. He gave up the
merchant marine service in the
summer of 1801 and entered the
United Siati's naval service, and
successfully commanded during
the war the United States AVar
Steamers “Shawsheen,” “Miami,”
“Commodore Perry,” and the last
sixteen months of the war com¬
manded the United States ironclad
“Atlanta,” third rate, co-operating
with the army on the James river.
He was promoted for gallant ser¬
vice in August, 1802. After the
close of the war he resigned from
the naval service and again entered
the mercliant service in command
of the new ship “ J. H. Stetson,”
in the European trade. In 1808
he retired from the sea and en¬
gaged in business at New Orleans,
La., under thetirm name of AA^ood-
ward & AATght, buikling up one of
the most successful merchandising
tirms of the South. He has at all
times been prominent in tlie ex¬
changes of the city and State. He
was largely instrumental in secur¬
ing a AYorld’s Fair appropriation
from tlie State legislature, and has
endeavori'd to the best of his abil¬
ity to have Louisiana creditably
represented at the great Fair,
spending much of his time and
means to further the worthy object.
Miss Katharine L. Minor, fourth
vice-president of the AVoman's
Auxiliary of the AA'orld’s Colum¬
bian Exposition, is the daughter
of Capt. AA'illiam J. Minor, of
Natchez, Miss. In 1867 slie moved
to Louisiana to live upon her fath¬
er’s sugar estates, where she has
been actively engaged in aiding
her brother to develop their in¬
terests as sugar planters.
Her grandfather, Don Estephano
Minor, was originally from Car¬
lisle, Pa., l)ut when quite a young
man moved to Mississippi, which
was then under the rule of the
Spanish governments. He ac¬
quired the Spanish language in a
remarkably short time, was en¬
listed in the Spanish army, and
soon rose to the rank of major.
Enjoying the confidence of Gov.
Guyoso, he was often left in charge
of the Spanish possessions, and
when the territory of Mississippi
was ceded to the United States
government he was employed by
Gov. Guyoso in running the bound¬
ary lines of the State, and re¬
ceived a large grant of land from
the Spanisli government in recog¬
nition of his services. Thus the
family proudly boast being among
the early pioneers of the Southern
country, their 2 ^i’esent estate in
Southdown, La., never having
been owned by any other family
AllSS KATHARINE L. MINOR,
FOURTH VICE-PRESIDENT, WOMAN’S AUXILIARY OF WORLD’S FAIR.
MRS. BELLE H. PERKINS,
LADY COMMISSIONER FROM LOUISIANA.
CAMPBELL’S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OE THE WOBLD'S (’OJ.IAIIHAX EXPOSITION.
LOUISIANA AT THE EXPOSITION.
The Louisiana building occupied a ground
space of 6(3x56 feet, was two stories high, with
piazzas to both floors on parts of three sides.
It was built in the colonial style, an imitation
of the old fashioned Creole homes of that state.
The interior was flnished in natural woods,
cypress and white pine. On the first floor was
a large hall and otf this reception rooms, din¬
ing and smoking rooms. In the second story
was a large exhibition room, ladies’ parlor, small
exhibition rooms, retiring rooms and lavatory.
On the right of the entrance was a small
fountain; a very handsome fire-place composed
of cypress wood was the delight of artistic house¬
keepers. Curly pine and other handsome woods
were used for the interior decorations, and fine
pieces of upholstered furniture made of ebony
wood artistically carved.
siver quartz, zinc ore, chalk, lignite, petroleum,
sandstone, gneiss, conglomerate, marbles, grind¬
stones, whetstones, kaolin, mica, meerschaum,
table, coarse and rock salt, sulphur, green sand,
indurated marl and mineral waters.
The members of the Louisiana State Board
were A. A. Woods, president. New Orleans;
Jos. A. Shakesj)eare, vice president. New
Orleans; Robert Bleakley, secretary. Chamber
of Commerce building New Orleans; James M.
Pagaud, Jr., treasurer. New Orleans; John C.
WicklilTe, state commissioner; Thomas J. Wood¬
ward, New Orleans; A. Britting, New Orleans;
John Dymond, New Orleans; L. M. Finley. New
Orleans; Lewis Johnson, New Orleans.
Ladies Auxilary Board: Mrs. Belle H. Per¬
kins, Mrs. fScott McOehee, vice chairman; Mrs.
Jos. Oglesby, secretary; Mrs. W. W. Carre,
treasurer. National Board Lady Managers.'
Miss K. L. Miner, Houma; Mrs. Belle A. Per-
lai)
sented, but the card bearing the words “Lots’
Wife” explained to all who did not grasp the
idea. The figure was well executed and attracted
all passers-by. It is claimed that this great
salt mine is capable of supplying the world
with that article for years to come. It is situ¬
ated about 160 miles west of New Orleans.
TWO FINE FLAGS.
Two very handsome silk flags adorned the
committee room in the Woman’s building and
hung in the rear of the platform.
These flags were made of white silk, one being
embroidered with gilt stars aiid both trijumed
with yellow fringe. One had tlu' year 1776 in
gilt letter at the toj) and under it the motto “God
and Our Native Country.” Beneath this a
shield surmounted by a dome, on the top of
which was perched an eagle. Upon one side of
LOUISIANA STATE BUILDING AT THE WORLD’S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
A large show case contained many ancient
and interesting articles. A pearl and gilt fan
125 years old, specimens of confederate money;
several old style blue plates, such as were given
to each girl who was married in one of Louisi¬
ana churches after being properly blessed by
the priest, and many other things.
The state appropriation was $36,000, of which
the buihling cost, $23,000; exhibits in Agricul¬
tural department, $4,000; Mineral, $500; and
Forestry, $3,000.
In Agricultural building the seven exhibits of
rice, showing methods of cultivating harvest¬
ing and milling was very interesting; here also
was corn, oats, sugar, molasses, syrups, tobacco,
silk cocoons, cotton, cotton seed oil and hulls.
Mines anl Mining building contained seven
exhibits of iron pyrites, black oxides, gold and
kins. New Orleans; alternates: Mrs. B. S.
Leathers, New Orleans; Mrs. W. W. Carre,
New Orleans.
National Commission: Davidson B. Penn, New
Orleans; Thomas J. Woodward, New Orleans;
alternates: Alphonse Le Due, New Orleans; P.
J. McMahon, Tangipahoa.
A UNIQUE SALT EXHIBIT.
Louisiana had an exhibit in the Mining build¬
ing that must be given the medal for originality.
It was an exhibit made by the New Iberia Salt
company of a figure of a women carved from a
block of rock salt. The figure was life size and
represented a woman looking back over her
shoulder. Almost any person familiar with the
bible could at once decide what the figure repre-
the shield was a handsome painting of an Ameri¬
can Indian and upon the other a sailor. Btfiow
this in large gilt letters was the following:
“From the Women of New York.” Then the
word “Centennial” and the year 1876.
The (filler large flag had at the toi) an eagle
perched on the summit of an hemisphere. Bt‘-
neath this was the New York State coat of arms,
upon one side of it the figure 1876 and upon the
other 1776.
Bmieath this in large gilt letters one read,
“The Lord God be witii us. He was with our
fathers,” find Ixfiow this was inscribed “From
the daughters of New York to the Sisters of the
Union.” These flags were presented to the
Centennial Exposition and were loaiual to the
World’s Columbian Exposition by Mrs. Gill¬
espie, of Philadelphia.
4t)()
CAMPBELL’S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE WORLD’S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
THE LOUISIANA RICE EXHIBIT.
Few visitors to the ^reat Fair failed to notice the
quaint Japanese pavilion in the Afjricultural building
which contained the Louisiana Rice I^xhibit. This
pavilion was so unlike any other display that it arrested
the attention of visitors at once and the many thousands
who carried away with them little souvenir packages
of tine Louisiana rice have since discovered, by practical
tests with the contents of those little packages, that in
devoting a few moments to the Japanese pavilion they
hit upon a discovery destined to make an important
innovation in their household economy.
The Louisiana Rice Exhibit was the direct result of
the combined efforts of the Board of Trade of New
Orleans, representing the rice interests of that city,
the rice planters of the Pelican State and the transj)or-
tation interests engaged in handling rice. It was felt
that however extensive the consumption of rice had
become in the territory close to the rice fields the nu¬
tritious cereal was comparatively little known to the
rest of the country. It was also believed that were
the merits of rice placed before the great mass of the
the Fair, and his untiring zeal in explaining to visitors
the many useful qualities of Louisiana rice are attested
by all who have paid the little Japanese pavilion a visit.
That vast numbers of people were ignorant of the
properties of rice and how to cook it, was amply devel¬
oped by the experience of the manager of the exhibit
during the Fair. He soon found that comparatively
few knew how to cook rice or that it had any other
value than as a desert. It wms shown that in many
parts of the country the good qualities of rice were
practically unknown and that its economic value as an
article of food was scarcely suspected. The exhibit,
therefore, fulfilled exactly the mission it was designed
for and the eagerness with which the sample packages
of rice were sought after and the great demand for the
little books telling how to cook rice, proved the gen¬
eral interest taken in the display.
Rice has a history which dates back to the remotest
antiquity, and today is used to a greater or less extent
the world over. By far the larger portion of the world’s
population lives upon rice almost exclusively. In
China, Japan, the East Indies and islands adjacent,
rice is the staple article of food, and the success or
be lighter here than in Europe, but were the economic
and nutritive properties of rice better known, there is
little doubt that the consumption would greatly in-
creasev
While in the South rice is on the table every day
not only as a desert, but as a staple article of diet like'
potatoes or bread, in most other sections of the country
it is regarded as somewhat of a luxury and is only oc¬
casionally used as a desert. The small consumption
of rice in the North and West is due to a lack of
knowledge as to the value of the cereal and to ignorance
aa to the methods of preparing it for the table. Ac¬
cording to accepted authorities, rice takes first and
highest place among food grains suitable for human
consumption in its nutritive qualities. As the result
of careful investigation and experiments it is found
that one pound of rice contains 3.45 per cent, more
nutriment than wheat, 3.12 more than corn or rye, and
11.97 per cent, more than oats; in its nutritious, heat
producing, fattening qualities rice takes precedence of
all other cereals. When compared with meats, or po¬
tatoes, the difference in favor of rice as an article of
food is very much greater. A pound of rice yields
PHOTOGRAPH OP THE LOUISIANA RICE EXHIBIT AND PAVILION IN AGRICULTURAL DEPARTMENT.
American people in a iiractical way and some means
were found of affording general instruction as to the
methods of preparing it for human food its consump¬
tion would be greatly increased.
The advent of the great Fair was the opportunity the
rice interests needed, hence funds were promptly sub¬
scribed, the little Jaxianese pavilion erected in the
Agricultural building and an instructive and compre¬
hensive display of rice in all stages of cultivation and
manufacture was prejiared. It was decided to dis¬
tribute pamphlets describing the quality of rice as food
and little books containing instructions upon the
preparation of rice for the table, as well as a number of
favorite recipes in general use in the South. A large
amount of choice clean rice was also put up in fancy
quarter pound packages for general distribution among
visitors to the Rice pavilion.
The Rice exhibit was entrusted to the care of Cap¬
tain C. M. Murray, a gentleman who has had many
years experience in the cultivation and handling of rice
in Louisiana. Captain Murray remained at his post of
duty in the Rice pavilion, during the entire period of
failure of the rice crops affect quite 800,000,000 people.
The annual production of rice in the Eastern coun¬
tries is estimated at 250,000,000,000 pounds, the vast
bulk of which is consumed in the countries where
grown. Large quantities are exported to Europe and
to North and South America. The cultivation of rice
in this country dates back to the commencement of
the eighteenth century, and for more than a century
large quantities were exported. Of late years, however,
the domestic production, although greatly increased,
has not nearly sufficed for home consumption, and until
within a year or two from 200,000 to 250,000 packages
of foreign rice had to be imported annually to meet
the demand. The production of rice in the United
States last year amounted to over 11,000,000 bushels
of which Louisiana alone furnished 8,000,000 bushels.
The consumption of rice in the United States is
probably five pounds per capita whereas in Great
Britian and on the continent of Europe it reaches
thirteen to fifteen pounds. Of course, the abundance
and cheapness of other food products in this country
make it natural that the consumption per capita should
more than three times as much nutriment as a pound
of potatoes, three times as much as lean and almost
twice as much as fat beef. A good authority places
various foods in the following order of excellence both
as to economy and effect: Rice, oatmeal, flour, bread,
potatoes and lean beef.
The little book distributed at the Rice exhibit furn¬
ished valuable information as to methods of cooking
rice. This valuable compilation should be in the pos¬
session of every prudent housewife as it will furnish
her the means of varying the menu of her table with a
number of delicious, wholesome and at the same time,
cheap dishes.
The Louisiana Rice Exhibit also showed samples of
rough rice as well as of rice polish and bran. The
rough rice has been found to be valuable food for stock
while the bran and polish have also a commercial
value as animal food.
As a means of advertising the Ijouisiana rice industry
the exhibit at the Fair was a wonderful success and
it has proven a creditable piece of enterprise to its
originators.
491
CA]\IP11ELL’8 ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE WORLD’S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
PENNSYLVANIA AT THE EXPOSITION.
The Pennsylvania building occupied a ground
area of llOxlGd feet; was in the colonial style of
architecture, the front being a reproduction of
the old Independence Hall in Phdadelphia with
its bell tower and si)ire.
The liberty bell which rang its sound of free¬
dom in 1771) was shown on a raised ijlatform
built on rollers for s^^eedy removal in case of fire.
The building was constructed with Phila¬
delphia pressed brick, having a roof covered
with American tin, which served as a summer
garden, access to whi(di was from two outside
staircases.
The rotunda was finished in tile and slate like
the old hall; piazzas of commodious size sur¬
rounded the building with covered verandas and
protecting balustrade. Above the main entrance
wheat and other grains and grasses.
In Mines and Mining building were 255 ex-
hibiters showing samples of manganese ore,
iron ore, fossil iron ore, petroleum and its pro¬
ducts, coal, coke, building stone, granite, slate,
white sandstone, fire clay and brick, mineral
paints, copper ore, zinc ore, etc.
The mineral exhibit made by Pennsylvania
was of the most attractive, in the line of coal
products. A large pyramid of coal stood in the
center of the main aisle of the Mining build¬
ing, as a part of this display.
In the Horticultural department a display of
fruit and plants were made by the state.
In the Fish and Fisheries building the dis¬
play of the state fish commission included all
the variety of fresh water fish found in the state.
Mend^ers of the State Boai'd of Commissioners
were G. Robert E. Pattison, president; Louis A.
Guatemala, Honduras, Salvador, Nicaragua.
Costa Rica, Colombia, Veiu'zuela. Ecuador.
Peru, Bolivia, Chili, Argentine Republic,
Uruguay, Paraguay, Brazil, AVest Indit's, San
Domingo. This exhibit consisted of a pictorial
history of those countries, by showing one
thousand, one hundred and forty-four (1,144 )
paintings, water colors and photographs, which
gave to every observer a comprclumsive idea of
the natural scenery, architecture and employ¬
ments of the })eoj)le in tlu'se countries.
LOUISIANA SUGAR EXHIBIT.
One of the interesting displays in tlu'Agricul
tural building was that mad*' by tin' sugar
growers of Lousiana. The beautiful little ])a-
vilion was mad<' entirely of sugar-cam' .stalks.
Some novel and artistic I'tfects wi're proiluced
LOUISIANA SUGAR EXHU
was the state coat-of-arms, and on either side
statues of Penn and Franklin. Other groups of
statuary were displayed on the front. The
floors of building were in hard wood and marble
and the walls were wainscoted in wood frescoed
and heavily corniced. On main floor was a re¬
ception room 58x51) feet in size, also parlors for
men and women. On the second floor were the
Governor’s, board of commissioner’s and trea¬
surer’s rooms.
The state appropriation was $300,000; build¬
ing cost, $121,000; Agricultural exhibit, $11,000;
Mineral, $30,000; Horticultural, $$.000; Dairy,
$1,500; Wool, $300; Forestry, $1,000; Fisheries,
$7,000; Educational, $7,500; Ethnological,
$fi,000; Woman’s, $1,500; special exhibits, $0,000.
Ill Agricultural building were 224 exhibiters
showing wheat, rye, oats, corn, barley, buck-
T IN THE AGRICULTURAL BUILDING, WORLD'
AVatres, vice president; Robert E. AA'right,
secretary;!. S. Dillinger, assistant secretary;
Rodney A. Mercur, treasurer; A. B. Farquhar,
executive commissioner; AAhlson M. Gearhart,
chief clerk,
National Board Lady Managers: Miss Mary
E. McCandless, Mrs. Harriett Anna Lucas;
alternates: Mrs. Samuel Plumer, Mrs. W. S.
Elkins.
National Commission: R. B. Bickets, John
AY. AVoodside; alternates: Geo. A. Macbeth,
John K. Hallock.
AN INTERESTING EXHIBIT.
In the eastern gallery of the Government
building was a very interesting and illustrative
exhibit of the following countries: Mexico,
COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
with this material, the lettering on the booth
being especially fine.
The exhibit shown in the pavilion con¬
sisted of every variety of sugar raised l)y the
southern jJi’oducer, from the muscovado to the
refined goods. Sugar cane plants wt'ri' growing
in vases surrounding the booth, while barrels
and casks containing samples of the saccliarine
article filled the interior.
Samples of the diflA'rent grades of sugar were
given out to visitors as souveidrs. The exhibit
also included syrups, and every line of goods
manufactured from the product of the cane.
This exhibit in conm'ction with tin* one made
in close proximity by the rice growers of
the state gave Louisiana a fine re])resentation in
that department, and sliowed up the state’s re¬
sources in good shape.
CAMPIiELL’S ILLl STKATi:i) HISTORY OF THE WORLD’S (^OLIDIBIAN EXFOSITIOX,
THE BEE AND HONEY EXHIBIT AT
THE FAIR.
The display of the i)roduct of those busiest of
all insect creation made in the east gallery of
the Agricultural building is one that attracts
all lovers of honey. The simplicity of the cases
containing the exliibit from the different states
is atoned for by tlie arrangement of the exhibit
in the cases.
B(‘ginning at the nordi end of the exhibit is
that made by New York. This state makes a
very fine showing in four cases, besides one case
in whicli are several swarms of bees that have
been busy all sumim'r. The product of fheir
labors has amounh'd to about 250 pounds of
honey—real World’s Fair honey—the bees hav¬
a castle made with boxed honey. It re¬
quired 2,200 boxes or pounds to make the struc¬
ture. On one side, formed of boxes of dark
honey, can be seen the name “ILLINOIS.”
The disi)lay is one of the finest ever made in
this country.
IN THE DAIRY EXHIBIT.
There have been thousands and hundreds of
thousands of visitors at the Exposition who
never saw a pound of butter or cheese made in
their lives, although they have been eating
both since they were able to sit at a table. To
these people and to thousands of those who are
familiar with butter and cheese making, the
Dairy exhibit at the Fair has been one of much
cow in producing that essential element to ever"
slice of bread or warm biscuit that a man maj
wish to devour.
The lectures and practical demonstrations in
butter making which have been given durini/
the continuance of the Exposition has been of
instructive interest to all who availed them¬
selves of the opportunity offered, and many a
good housewife has gone home determined to
profit by the instruction she received.
AN AMERICAN BIRD COLLECTION.
In close proximity to Maine’s exhibit in the
Anthropological building may be seen one of
the finest collections of stuffed American birds
at the Exposition. It is the exhibit of Prof,
PHOTOGRAPH OF THE EXHIBIT MADE BY PENNSYLVANIA IN AGRICULTURAL BUILDING, WORLD’S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
ing obtained their supply in the vicinity of the
Exposition grounds.
Following New York, Michigan, Ohio, On¬
tario, Wisconsin, Nebraska, California, Iowa,
Minnesota and Indiana each have one case
filled with fine displays of both comb and
strained honey. The principal exhibit made
from Wisconsin is that of el. el. Ochsner, of
Prairie du Sac, that genthmian having cut his
name and address out in wood, the space of
each letter being filled with honey by the in¬
dustrious little creatures.
Illinois makes an exceptionally fine showing
in four cases. One case contains a display of
comb honey, and another of strained. In one
of the others is a house made entirely of bees¬
wax, while in the last one is a reproduction of
interest besides being instructive.
The little building in which this industry has
been shown in all the latest improved methods
of extracting the golden-hued butter from the
lacteal fluid, and which is located in the lower
part of the grounds, has been visited by many
people since the opening of the Fair. Some
came to see butter made for the first time in
their lives, while others came to note the im¬
proved methods of making it that they might
return home and try the same methods.
A trip through this building discloses some
interesting things in butter-making and the
possibilities of the article in ornamentation, as
well as for commerce. Science will have to
rack its brains still harder than it has thus far
if it expects to compete with a good old Jersey
Albert Boehm, of La Crosse, Wisconsin, and
shows the labor of many months. Tlie birds
cover the range of the feathered tribe in the
western and southern part of the Ignited States.
The collection numbers 400 different speci¬
mens, and fills twenty-one large cases. Prof.
Boehm is one of the finest taxidermists in the
west, as well as a naturalisi, and the arrange¬
ment and posing of the birds is true to life in
every respect. He values the collection at
$1,000 and is willing to dispose of it to the Col¬
umbian Museum at that sum. It would cer¬
tainly be a valuable addition to that institution.
__ (■
The exhibit made by the Chicago Packing;
houses in tlie Agricultural building has beeU
the wonder and admiration of visitors.
c
PKNNSYLVANIA BUILDING
AS IT APPI<:ARRr) T)URTN(^ THR EXPOSTTIGN. SHOWING
THE CLOCK ^J’OWER AND MAIN ENTEAXCE.
494
CAMPBELL’S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY
OF THE WORLD’S COLU^IBIAN EXPOSITION.
EXTERIOR VIEW OF THE FORESTRY BUILDING AT THE EXPOSITION.
CENTRAL AISLE OF FORESTRY BUILDING, SHOWING EXHIBIT OF WOODEN WARE.
41)5
CAMPBELi;S ILUISTRATET) HISTORY OF THE WORLD’S OOLEMIUAX EXTOSITIOX.
HON. OSCAR R. HUNDLEY.
The subject of this sketch was born in Lime¬
stone county, Alabama, in October, 1854. After
completing a preliminary course of study at
Phillips’ Exeter Academy, in New Hampshire,
and at Marietta College, in Ohio, he graduated
with distinction at the Vanderbilt University,
Nashville, Tenn., in 1877, and at once entered
into active practice, being admitted to the bar
of Alabama the same year. In 1882 he was
elected City Attorney, for the city of Huntsville,
In 1888 he was again nominated by his party
for Representative, and duly elected by an in¬
creased majority. In 1887, by appointment of
the Grovernor of Alabama, he represented
that state at the Constitutional Centennial,
which was held at Philadelphia in tliat year.
In June, 1890, Mr. Hundley was nominated by
acclamation by the democracy for senator to
represent the Fourth Senatorial district in Ala¬
bama, and in August following was elected with¬
out opposition, this being the tirst incident of
the kind in the history of politics in that district.
tary struggles known in that body.
During the session of the Cleneral Assembly
of Alabama in December, 1890, he prepared and
introduced in the senate of that state, a bill to
make an appropriation for the purpose of having
his state properly represented at the Fair, and
the bill passed the senate by an almost unani¬
mous vote, but was defeated in the house. The
failure of the State of Alabama to be properly
represented at the great Exposition docs not
therefore lie at the door of Commissioner Hund¬
ley. As a member of the World’s Columbian
HON. OSCAR R. HUNDLEY.
NATIONAL COMMISSIONER FROM ALABAMA TO THE WORLD's COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION
Alabama, to which position he was re-elected in
1885, and again in 1889. While holding this
position he prepared and published the code of
ordinances of the city of Hunt,sville, which is
now in use in that city. In May, 1886, without
his solicitation, he received the nomination of
the Democratic party in his county for repre¬
sentative in the General Assembly of Alabama,
and was duly elected in August following, re¬
ceiving an overwhelming majority.
His term of office did not expire until 1894.
Mr. Hundley’s career in the senate has been
a marked one, and has placed him among the
foremost of Alabama’s progressive young men.
For the past three years he has been president
of the Democratic caucus of that body, and in
the memorable fight in the senate during its
recent session, over the Election Bill, he cham¬
pioned and led that measure to a successful con¬
clusion, in one of the most brilliant parliamen-
Commission he occupied a conspicuous and
prominent position, having been a member of the
committee on judiciary, rules, and by-laws; com¬
mittee on tariffs and transportation; committee
on electricity, and committee on awards. After
the organization of the last committee he was
the secretary thereof, and was chosen a inembm'
of the court of reference and appeals on awards.
He is a pleasing and ready debater, and a skilh'd
parliamentarian.
49()
OAMIMJELL’S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE WORLD’S (M)LUMIUAN EXPOSITION.
]\(RS. JAMES P. EAGLE,
LADY MANAGER FROM ARKANSAS.
MRS. MARIE J. GASTON,
LADY MANAGER PROM SOUTH DAKOTA.
MISS LAURETTE LOVELL,
LADY MANAGER FROM ARIZONA.
MRS. ISABELLA BEECHER HOOKER,
LADY MANAGER FROM CONNECTIGUT.
4^97
CAMI’iiKI.I/S ILLUS'
MRS. H. P. BROWN,
LADY MANAGER FROM MINNESOTA.
MRS. JAMES P. EAGLE.
Mrs. Mary Kavanaugli Eagle, wife of Gover¬
nor James P. Eagle, of Arkansas, was born in
Madison County, Kentucky.
Mrs. Eagle was reared on a farm, her father
lieing a farmer. She vais graduated in June,
1872, from Mrs. Julia A. Tivis’ famous school.
Science Hill, Shelby vide, Ky. While there she
distinguished herself and gained the esteem of
her teachers by standing in the front ranks of
all her classes.
She was married to Governor Eagle, January
3, 1882, and moved to his large cotton plantation
in the upper Arkasas river bottom in Lonoke
county^ Ark., where he was engaged in farming.
She was appointed on the recommendation of
Col. John D. Adams, democratic commissioner,
as a member of the Board of Lady Managers of
the World’s Columbian Commission, and proved
to be a valuable member.
MRS. MARIE J. GASTON.
Mrs. Marie J. Gaston was born in Horncastle,
Lincolnshire, England. Her parents removed
to America when she was but a year and a half
old and settled in Toledo, Ohio, She was ed¬
ucated :.n the pulilic schools of that place, and
MRS. IDA TURNER,
LADY MANAGER FROM TEXAS.
rRATFd) HISTOKV OF THE WOKLD’S COLE
was a charter member of the Toledo high school
which has since gained an enviable distinction
thioughouc the state. Mrs. Gaston removed to
the Black Hills in 1880, and in 1883 she was
married to the late J. A. Gaston, of Deadwood.
A arm-hearted and generous he was in accord
with her many undertakings and often assisted
her in carrying them to a successful termination.
In Deadwood she has been identified with the
religious, charitable and literary work of the
place. An enthusiastic equal suffragist she has
been an earnest worker in that line and has
latel}’ been elected state organizer by the Ameri¬
can Equal Suffrage Association.
An indefatigable worker in any undertaking,
she did much towards the success of South
Dakota’s part in the great Exposition, in her
13osition as Lady Manager. Being very
generous and hospitable, Mrs. Gaston has the
love and esteem of all with whom she conies in
contact, and is held in the highest respect in the
community in which she lives.
MISS LAURFTTE LOVELL.
Miss Laurette Lovell, of Tucson, Arizona, one
of the two Lady Managers from that state, was
the youngest member of the Ladies’ Board of
LIDA M. RUSSELL.
LADY MANAGER FROM NEVADA.
the National Commission. She was born in San-
Jose, Santa Clara county, California. Notwith¬
standing her youth, it is doubtful if she has a
peer among the ladies of Arizona in statistical
and useful information concerning the territory.
She actively engaged in laying out the work,
ami furthering in her province the plans sug¬
gested by the committee on state work. To
this work she devoted her untiring zeal, her
natural qualifications, and state pride. Miss
Lovell is thesecond daughter of William McNary
Lovell and Mildred Louize Welch, who were
married in San Jose, Cal., in 18h2. Both fami¬
lies were from the state of Kentucky, and were
identified with the early history of that state
Her father is recognized as one of the leading
members of the legal jirofession on the Pacific-
coast, he having enjoyed thirty years of contin¬
uous practice.
MRS. ISABELLA BEECHER HOOKER.
Isabella Beecher is the youngest of the four
daughters of the illustrious New England divine.
Dr. Lyman Beecher, and was born in Litchfield,
Connecticut, in 1822, rather more than ten years
MHIAN EXPOSITION.
MRS. J. M. STONE,
LADY MANAGER FROM MTSSTSKIIM’I.
later than her famous sister, Mrs. Stowe. Isa¬
bella was the first child of the lovely second Avite,
who came to the home which already held nine
children, and with her brother James made the
wonderfulgroupcjf eh'vmi, who havesince become
individually and collectively noted as perhaps t he
most remarkfd)le family in thiscountry. Attlu^
age of nineteen she was married to John Hooker
a young lawyer of talent.
Mr. and Mrs. Hooker lived in Farmington
until 1851, when they removed to Hartford
which has since been their home.
Some years ago Mrs. Hookm- pnblislual a
book called “Womanhood—Its Sanctiti('s and
Fidelities,” treating various t('nder siibjcc-ts in a
lirave and pure manner. A tract publislu'd
originally in Putnam’s Magazine, entitled “A
iMother's Lt-tters to a Daughter,” was an etfi'c-
tive argument upon the tlumie which has (mi-
gros.sed her labors for many years.
To Isabella Bi'echer Hooker and the handful
of other brave women Avho were the pioneers in
the Woman’s Sufi’rage cause the woman of this
generation owe nnu-h to their intellect ual status.
Mrs. Hooker was a member of the liofird of
Lady Managers of the World’s Columbian Expo¬
sition from Conne(‘t icut, in which body she took
a (ha'p and active interest, as well as in the
Great Fair itself-
MRS. HESIER A. IIANBACK,
LADY MANAGER FROM KANSAS.
(U^rrUKLlAS IIJ.rSTKATKI) IIISTOKY OF THE WORIJ)‘S ('OEniBlAN EXPOSTTIOX.
But of metal, first moulded by skill of all arts,
Built of the treasures of fond human hearts.”
ioa
THE NEW LIBERTY BELL.
The year 1892, the 400th anniversary of the
discovery of America, had almost closed, leav¬
ing: its record a blank so far as any celebration
or marked undertaking in connection with the
discovery of America was concerned, when a
circular was addressed to the representative
friends of free institutions throughout the
world, asking the question, “What was the most
appropriate Christinas gift tliat republican
civilization could make in this Columbian
Year to the peoples of the world ?” The
answers received to this circular letter were
But the bell refused to ring until it rang for
Liberty.
Influenced by this poem, the creation of the
New Liberty Bell was undertaken on the line
marked out by its suggestions. The governors
of every state and territory, and the presidents
of the near by republics, were asked to appoint
a lady member of the committee to create it.
The executive officers of the great patriotic
societies were asked to do the same. Alost of
them responded favorably. It was intended
and planned that this bell should be llie great
swords, guns, cannon-balls; pledges of love
jewels, rings, thimbles used in connection with
the War of the Revolution, metal that had been
in the possession and use of Washino-tnn
^ ' '-'Ai y
Jefferson, Lincoln, Boilvar; coins that were in
circulation in Jerusalem when our Saviour was
on eartlp the Widow’s Mite, and coin with the
image, and superscription of Caesar. The
amount of iron and steel received was in excess
of the quantity that could be used in the clap¬
per, and the excess was principally in the form
of swords. These were sent to Alessrs. Deere
& Co., of Peoria and manufactured into a plow.
“ The sword shall be beaten into the plow-
PIIOTOGRAPH OF THE NEW
most earnest in their approval of the idea.
Previous to the writing of this circular letter,
on the occasion of the meeting of representa¬
tives of the different great patriotic societies of
the world, held in Independence Hall on the
J99th anniversary of the discovery of America,
could be seen upon the wall a poem entitled,
“Liberty’s Bell,” telling the story of a bell
“That never should ring, but to tell of the death
or the birth of a king.”
“It was not to be bnilded. this bell that they planned.
Of common ore, dug from the breast of the land.
LIBERTY BELL, AT PRESENT ON ADMINISTR.^
memorial of the A\ orld’s Columbian Exposition.
It was recognized that the Exposition was in
fact a monument illustrative of what was pos¬
sible in a republic, and its most appropriate
memorial was, therefore, a Liberty Bell.
The Bell is composed of 78 per cent copper
and 22 percent tin, excepting where this copper
and tin have been replaced with the gold and
silver contributions that were sent in. Some
22,000 different historical contributions ■were
received, coming from every battlefield and
effort for liberty. Implements of warfare,
ION PLAZA, WORLD’S FAIR,
share,” etc.
The Bell’s weight is 18,000 pounds. The
clapper weighs 700 pounds. Its cost as a bell,
delivered at the Exposition, was $0,500. This is
without reference to the gold and silver that
were used in its manufacture, which would
probalily exceed largely in value the $0,500. At
the Exposition it has fulfilled the line of duty
for which it was planned. It has mug on the
annivei'saries of the great Liberty events that
have occurred since its arrival. It has pai-
ticipated in every State celebration, rung
4-09
CA3rP?.ELi;S ILTTST
commemoration of the admission of the States
to the Union. The iMigiuo' has been done
either by representative m-eii, or committees of
yoimh' ladies appointed for the t)urpose. An^nist
Bartholdi, creator of the “Statue of Liberty
Eali^htenino: the World,” ruiip" it upon the
aimiversary of the writinu; of the “ Star Spauoled
Banner;” President Palmer, on the anniversary
of the adoption by the Constitutional Conven¬
tion of the Constitution of the United States;
Governor McKinley, on Ohio Day; Governor
Boies, on Iowa Day; Indian Commissioner
Browing, in commemoartion of the preservation
of the lives of the Pilgrim Fathers of New Eng-
PATED IirSTOPY OF THE W0HL1)*S COLU
is to them what the Fourth of July is to the
United States.
The home of the Bell will be Capitol Hill,
Washington. It will always return home for
the 4th of March on the occasion of the inaug¬
uration of a new President, tliat it mav ring
immediately upon the oath of office being taken.
At times other than this, it will be a missionary
of Freedom throughout the world upon the
celebrations of the events that it is to commem¬
orate.
After the first of November, 1893, the World’s
Columbian Exposition, with all of its architect¬
ural beauties and wonderful attractions, will be
HEIN EXPOSITION.
finest displays made. The picturesqim little
pagoda erected l>y that country in the south¬
west part of the building has attractcil thou¬
sands of visitors during the continuance of the
Fair.
It is built in the style of architecture so prev¬
alent in tliat country. The exhibit is varied,
consisting of beaten metal ware, articles made of
gold and silver, carvings in precious woods,
tinsel work on fabrics of diiferent kinds and a
display of silk work. The carvings done on the
tusks of elephants are so delicate and fine as to
be almost imperceptible, while the filigree work
is equal to that done with gold and silver.
PHOTOGRAPH OF THE PAGOD.
land by the gift of corn from Massasoit, and
Commissioner Sarrano, on Mexico Day.
The Bell goes from Chicago directly to
Washington, where it is to be placed on Capitol
Hill. It will be rung in W ashington for the
first time on Tuesday, November 7th. It will
be received by all the dignitaries ot the Govern¬
ment with most a})])ropriate ceremonies. It is
planned that the Bell shall be on the battlefield
of Runymede on June 15, 1894, the anniversary
of the Magna Charta, that it may celebrate with
the English speaking world, this event, which
AND EXHIBIT MADE BY SIAM IN MANU4'ACT
a memory. The Bell will be the heir-at-law of
all the sentiment that has created this Exposi¬
tion and that it has augmented, and it will go
on and on, down the pages of time, ringing its
stwrv of Liberty, and identified always with the
(T-reat World's Columbian Exposition ot 1893.
to
SIAM IN MANUFACTURES BUILDING.
Siam has taken an active interest in the Ex¬
position in all its departments, but it is in the
-Manufactures building that she has one of the
BUILDING AT THE FAIR.
A COSTLY EXHIBIT.
The diamond exhibit made by Titfany & Co,
in the Manufactures building has been visited
by more peojile than any other single display
at the World's Fair. The large case containing
their collection of diamonds and precious stones
represents more wealth to the amount of s])ace
occupied than can be seen in any (h'partment,
the value a])])i’oximating over $1 .b(K),(KK), From
the time the exhibit is opened until its close a
throng of visitors may be found around this case.
500
CAMPBETJ/S ILLl^STRATEI) HISTORY OF THE ^YORL^)•S COLLTHBIAX EXPOSITIOX.
1 lIOKXjIvAril OF THE ROPE USED TO RING THE NEW LIBERTY BELL, THE MATERIAL OP WHICH WAS CONTRIBUTED BY EIGHTY-
SIX NATIONS REPRESENTED AT THE WORLD’S FAIR.
OPYfUoHr Jii^'3 13 ■ C/^MPBtfLCL.
PHOTOGRAPH OF REPRESENTATIVES OF DIFFERENT NATIONS RINGING
THE NEW
LIBERTY BELL, CHICAGO DAY, OCTOBER 9, 1893.
501
CA.5IPBELi;S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE WORLD’S COLOIIHAX EXPOSITIOX.
CHICAGO DAY, OCTOBER 9, 1898.
When future venerations are studying the
history of the United States they will find
several pages devoted to a great universal Ex¬
position that was held in the later part of the
nineteenth century in what will at that time be
the metropolis of the world, Chicago, U. S. A.
As they read of the interest and enthusiasm
with which the people of that time were filled
and the assistance they gave to the enterprise,
they will marvel at such a gigantic undertaking
being planned and carried out by what was then
a comparatively young city.
The attendance during the whole period of
the Exposition will cause them to wonder
where so many people came from at that time.
But when they reach the figures for October 9,
“Chicago Day,” they will be tempted to doubt
same papers. All the avenues inside of Jack-
son Park were filled from seven o’clock in the
morning until far into the night. As a day for
sightseeing it was not a success, from the simple
fact that one could not get anywhere near what
he might wish to see and be allowed to remain
long enough to more than get a glimpse of the
attraction.
The program for the day as carried out,
would have been very interesting on any day
but that particular day. Not that it was not
successfully carried out, but the crowds were so
large that it was impossible for any kind of exer¬
cises to be conducted with any degree of success.
The greatest attraction was the display of fire¬
works and the fountains in the evening. The
parade of floats was a disappointment, from the
fact that there was no regularity in conducting
it. When people are compelled to wait from
MEXICO AND HER EXHIBITS.
The republic of Mexico is the leading repub¬
lic among the Latin-American states, from a
geographicical and commercial standpoint.
Lying between the two great oceans, with a
climate, soil and other natural advantages un¬
equaled by any other country in the world, slie
is bound to take foremost rank among the
wealth-producing nations.
She has an area of 751.7(X) square miles and
a population of 11,400,000 in round numbers.
This population is divided in to three great
races, of which 19 ])er cent are European and
Spanish American; 48 per cent mixed; and 88
per cent Indian. With this diversified popula¬
tion her progress was slow until a few years ago,
since which time she has made such rapid
strides in commerce, internal improvements,
PHOTOGR-VPH OF SCENE ON ADMINISTRATION PLAZA,
WORLD’S FAIR,
DURING THE PARADE ON “CHICAGO DAY,” OCTOJIER i), 1893.
the truth of the historian’s statement. Could
it be possible that 754,000 were assembled to¬
gether to celebrate a peaceful event?
To those who live in this generation and who
were a part of that vast crowd it was a reality.
The day was one long to be remembered. From
Nature’s standpoint it was perfect. The people
came from far and near, all intent on making
the day set apart by the greatest city on this
continent as its special day, one of the greatest
in the history of the Expositon, in point of
numbers.
The exercises and ju’ogram of the day cut a
comparatively small figure. It is true there
was a program, but thousands of people in at¬
tendance knew it only by seeing the announce¬
ment of it in the papers beforehand and an
account of wdiat was done the day after in the
fifteen minutes to half an hour between floats
in a procession of that kind they lose all inter¬
est. The float presented by the Board of Trade
was very fine. Had the fiery dragon of the
General Electric company been inline with the
rest it would have added to the display, but
coming trailing along half an hour behind, when
a large number of people concluded the parade
was all over, it presented a lonely ai)pearance.
Some idea of the number of people in the
city may be obtaiiu'd fi-om the report of the
passengers carried by the di Iferen 11 ransportal ion
lines. The South Side cable carried 757,000,
the lllinos Central, 780,829, the North and West
Side cables, 705,042, and the Alley “L” road,
2t)4,980, making a total of 2,550,000 in round
numbers. These figures do not represent but a
fraction of the people in the city.
development of her many natural resources and
the indmamients otferc'd to capital that today
Mexico stands before the world as one of the
most progressive countries among the Latin-
American states.
Her natural advantages are so great and di¬
versified that it is impossible toenumerati' them
in a short article, suflicient to say that the cap¬
italist, the agriculturist and the business man
can there fine ample opportunities f )r ju'ofitable
investment. Her mountains are rich with
hidden treasuri's of gold, silvtw and other ores.
Her valleys are broad and fertile. ILu- two
great water gateways olbu' an uidimiti'd field
for commerce with other countries.
With such resources ami entc'rprising men at
the head of the govanainumt, it is not to l)e won¬
dered at that she makes such a magnificent
r)()*i CAMTIJELI/S IMJ S1
showing at the World’s Fair. Mexico is repre¬
sented in sixteen ditt'erent departments at the
Exposition in each of which she has a display
that, for size and diversity, has no e(}ual annmg
the different countries exhil)iting. Thech'part-
ments in which she has exhibits ar(' Mining,
Horticultural, Manufacturt's and Liberal Arts,
Fisheries, Agricultural, Forestry, Machinery,
Transportation, Womans, Anthro])ological, Shoe
and Leather, Viticulture and Fine Arts.
The largest s[)ace is occu])ied in the Mining
department, almost 10,000 square feet being
filled with the mineral products of the country.
The exhibit made in each department is com¬
plete and shows in an admirable mamier what
the'‘'Treat resources of the country are in all
branches of industry One of the main objects
R.VTKI) HISTOKV OF THE WORLD'S OOLF
collections of statuary to be seen at the Exposi¬
tion. The display contains almost every con¬
ceivable subject that a scuR^tor could utilize
and fashion from marble and bronze.
The two gladiators in bronze at the east en¬
trance to the exhibit are fine si^ecimens, while
the figures of “Mignon,” “Carmen” and “Sor-
l)ressa at the Lath,’' in marble have received
much admiration from visitors.
Owing to a lack of space this exhibit has
been too compact to allow the visitor an oppor¬
tunity of admiring the hundreds of beautiful
specimens of marble work.
The Eighth Cavalry Band of Mexico, has
been one of the leading musical attractions at
the Fair during October.
V III AX EXFOSITTOX.
ing the Exposition, than pay out these millions
to artists, artisans and contractors for building
the matchless “White City” at Jackson >Park
as well as collect and properly apply the mil¬
lions of dollars to be received from the many
millions of people, who would for six months be
transfixed with wonder and admiration at the
magnificent Exposition.
No mistake was made in selecting Mr. A. P,
Seeberger for this important position, and his
extensive business experience, coupled with
keen perception and general knowledge of the
great w'ork which he had undertaken, enabled
him, without making any mistakes, to surround
himself with a full corps of assistants, who
w’ould each strive in his special department to
secure that success, which is now apparent in
PHOTOGRAPH OF THE EXHIBIT OF MARBLE AND BRONZE STATUARY, ITALIAN SECTION, LIBERAL ARTS DEPARTMENT, WORLD’S FAIR.
sought after by the Mexican government in
making such an extensive exhibit is to attract
the capitalists of the world to its advantages
and induce them to invest.
The illustrations given in this number are
from photographs of the exhibits made in the
departments which can only give our readers a^
faint idea of the exhibit as seen by a carefu
examination of it.
ITALTAX SCULPTURE TN LIBERAL
ARTS DEPARTMENT.
In the Italian section at the south end of
Manufactures building is one of the largest
WORLD’S FAIR TREASURY DE¬
PARTMENT.
When considering such a monster enterprise
as the World’s Columbian Exposition, with its
necessarily enormous expenditure of money^ it
becomes a matter of general interest as to wdio
has been intrusted with such a resijonsible and
delicate position as treasurer.
The first Board of Directors of the World’s
Columbian Exposition had no duty more im¬
portant than the selection of the very best man
obtainable for the position of treasurer, who
was to first collect tlu‘ millions of dollars, sub¬
scribed and donated for the purpose of exploit-
the great amount of work accomplished and the
large amount of money handled.
When it is realized that since the opening of
the Exposition alone, this corps of workers has
received from the various sources of revenue,
recounted, prepared for deposit, and distributed
to the different banks or to emijloyes about
2,500 pounds of gold, over 20 tons of silv<'r,
and over six million dollars in currency, which
would be comprised of no less than two million
bills, some adequate idea of its vast compass
can be obtained.
During the last two weeks the average attend¬
ance at the Fair reached over 275,000 daily.
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I)R1T.L OF CADETS ON THE PLAZA WEST OF THE ADMINISTRATION RUILDING. ALL MILITARY EXERCISES WERE HELD HERE DURING THE EXPOSITION.
PHOTOGRAPH OF SCENE ON GRAND PLAZA BETWEEN ADMINISTRATION BUILDING AND MACHINERY HALL, CHICAGO DAY, OCTOBER 9, 1893
PHOTOGRAPH OF THE U. S. GOVERNMENT BUILDING AND PLAZA SHOWING THE
ENCAMPMENT OF NATIONAL TROOPS DURING THE EXPOSITION.
50(1
CAMIMJELL’S ll^LESTKATEI) HISTOIIY OF THE WORLD'S COLILREIAX EXPOSITIOX.
ILLINOIS AT THE EXPOSITION.
The slate of Illinois appropriated $800,000
for Exposition purposes. The buildinj,^ cost
$240,000; the exhibit in At^ricnltural building-,
cost $8,000; in ILnlicnltnral building, $20,000;
Educational exhibit, $20,000; Live Stock ex¬
hibit, $40,()()(); Wcjinan's exhibit, $80,000; Bee
exhibit, $2,5t)0'. In addition toabove the exhibits
in state building cost $07,000.
The Ill inois building was in every way calcu¬
lated to pro])('rly disi)lay the products of the
state, being 450 feet long by 100 feet wide, hav¬
ing spacious galleries, thoroughly lighted and
with good ventilation. Every inch of space on
main floor nnd galleries was filled with interest¬
ing ('xhibits artistically arranged.
TIu' memorial hall contained a fine collection
of relics Ix'longing to the state, such as trophies
ipal capacity, through its several departments,
boards, commissions, bureaus and other agencies
in the work of promoting the moral, educational
and material welfare of its inhabitants, so far as
such methods and results are susceptible of
exhibition.
The natural history and arcliteology of the
state was fully dlustrated; the state tish com¬
mission made an exhibit of native and culti¬
vated live fish, showing hatchery, appliances
and equipments for transportation, models of
fishways, etc. A full collection of the agricul-
tural products, also maps, charts, diagrams and
tables conveying full information relative to
Illinois and her resources. One-tenth of the
space in building was devoted to the display
made by the women of the state, it was in every
way creditable and attractive.
In the Agricultural building were 410 Illinois
in making such a magnificent fippropriation
and the officers of the state organization in car
rying out the wishes of the people. In points
of attendance and enthusiasm ‘Illinois” and
‘Whicago” days at the Fair led all the rest
The state not only led in the extent of its ex
hibit in its own building, but was amon,f>- the
foremost in all the departments. This was
especially true in the xAgricultural, Horticul¬
tural and Live Stock exhibits. The Woman’s
department was in the lead of all other states
The members of the Illinois State Board
of Commissioners were: La Fayette Funk, presi¬
dent; David Gore, vice president; Wilson C
Garrard, secretary; John W. Bunn, treasurer-
John P. Reynolds, director-in-cliief; Daniel h'
Paddock, attorney; J. Irving Pearce, J. Harley
Bradley, Wm. Stewart, Byron F. Wyman, A
B. Hostetter, Samuel Dysart, W. D. Stryker
ILLINOIS STATE BUILDING OX ILLINOIS DAY, FROM THE LAGOO:
of the war and other periods.
An interesting feature was the educational
exhibit, a part of which was five model common
school rooms of higli grade, fully equipped and
furnished under the direction of the statesuper-
iniendent of public instruction. The methods
and results of educational work as pursued in
the normal universities, the public, technical,
art schools and high sc-hools of the state was fully
illustrated. The University of Illinois made an
exhibit of the etjuipmeut, methods of instruc¬
tion and achievements of that institution in its
several (h'partments; also an exhibit of the
educational and industrial work as conducted in
the state charitable institutions.
A full collective exhibit was made illustrating
its natural rt'sources, methods employed and
results accomplished by the state in its munic-
exhibiters showing wheat, oats, barley, rye,
buckwheat, grasses, forage plants, sorghum and
sugar cane, sweet potatoes, yams, mangle
wurtzels, pumpkin, squashes, broom corn, peas,
beans, butter, tobacco, hops, peppers, henq).
flax and cotton.
In Horticultural building were 164 exhibiters
showing specimens of all Illinois fruits and
vegetables. In Alines and Alining building
were 42 exhibiters showing speciimms of all the
various clays in the state, also brick, terra cotta,
stone-ware, tile, sewer pipe, etc.
The prominent position taken by Illinois at
the Exposition was conclusive evidence of the
appreciation with which she regarded the honor
conferred on the state at large and her chief
city by the location of the great enterpri.se. It
was this spirit which actuated the legislature
LOOKING NORTH.
John A irgin, D. AAh Vittum, E. B. David, W.
H. Fulkerson, J. W. Judy, S. W. John, E. E.
Chester, James R. Dickerson, Edward C. Pace,
B. Pullen, J. AI. Washburn.
Illinois Woman's Exj^osition Board: Airs.
Alarcia Louise Gould, president; Airs. Robert H.
A\ iles, vice president; Aliss Alary Callahan, sec¬
retary; Airs. Richard J. Oglesby, Airs. Francis
L. Gilbert, Airs. Francine E. Patton, Airs. Isa¬
bella Laning Candee, Airs. Frances Welles
Shepard.
National Board Ladv Alanagers: Airs. Richard
J. Oglesby. Airs. Francis W’’. Shepard; alter¬
nates: Airs. Alarcia Louise Gould, Airs. I. L-
Candee.
National Commission: Charles H. Deere,
Adlai T. Ewing; alternates: LaFayette Funk,
DeW itt Smith,
(JAMPBELTAS ILl.USTBATEI) IflSTOIlV OF THF WORLD’S (’OLFMIUAX EXFOSmoX.
ILLINOIS FKUIT EXHIBIT IN HORTI¬
CULTURAL BUILDING.
There are two exhibits of Illinois fruit on the
i-Tounds at Jackson Park, one in tl^e Illinois
])uildiu^- uiuler direction of the Board of At>:ri-
cuitnre, the other in Horticultural building by
the State Board of Horticulture. The latter is
tlie one to which the present attentioii of the
reader is called.
The exhibit is under the iininediate supervis¬
ion of Air. H. Augustine, of Normal, i\[r. Arthur
Bryant, of Princeton, and H. M. Dunlop, of
Savoy, all well known horticulturists of the
state, the fcnaner the president and the latter
ciently matured, and to that action is largely
due the excellent exhibit of ai)])les, by far the
best in the building up to this time. As soon as
the earlier varit'ties matured in the southern por¬
tion of the state sam])les were secured and have
gradually replaced the plates of last year's fruits.
The tables assigned to Illinois are the most
attractive of any in the building, as well as ex¬
tensive, with pcrhaj)s the exception of Califor¬
nia. Only a small ])orti(m of the exhibit is in
glass, as is the case with some others whose dis¬
tance from home necessitates this method of
preservation, which at the same time greatly
magnifies the fruit and robs it of its beautiful,
natural color.
T) t) t
voured by the fat ’possum in the Mississippi
bottoms.
Although the appropriation for this exhibit
was not available iintil .May L and tin' failure'
of the fruit cri>]) made the outlook discourage'-
ing. yet on that day tlu're we're' btK) plate's e)f
a])ple's elis])hiye'el on the' lllineeis table's. Since
tin'll the varie'ty eif fruits has e-eenstantly in-
creaseel anel the elisplay has eh've'hipe'el elaily
until teielay it iiu'lueles alnmst, if imt all the
fruits greiwn in the' state whie*h mature' at this
sea.'-'.e)]). The're' have' be'en slniwn sine-e' Alay 1st
the feelhiwing in their se'asem; Strawberrie's.
25 varietie's; currants. It; cherries, 5; raspber¬
ries, 21; geieise'be'rries, 11; elewbe'rry, 1: black-
PHOTOGRAPH OF THE ILLINOIS FRUIT EXHIBIT, HORTICULTURAL
the secretary e^f the State Horticultural Society.
Last year the crop of fruit in Illinois was
small, e*e)m])aratively, and it was thought that
the re'st given the trees woulel enable them to
prejeluce a very abunelant yield in 93, but un-
faveirable weather at blooming prevented fertil¬
ization and the result is an almost total failure,
although in some favored locations a small crop
is on the trees.
The State Horticultural Society had, how¬
ever, secured and iilaced in cold storage, about
one hundred barrels of winter apples, so there
might not be an exhibition of bare tables early
in the season, before this year’s fruit had suffi-
The legislature approi)riated $20,000 to i>ro-
inote the display, and the managers have ])ur-
chasing agi'iits travelling in the fiaiii sections
to keep the tallies sup])(ied with fresh and si'a-
sonable fruits. Illinois with its varii'd soil, its
several degrees of latitude and its jiroximity to
the largest and best fruit market in the woild,
possesses unusual advantages for the fruit¬
grower. Chicago is the great fruit distributing
point for the northwi'st and must, from its g('o-
graphical location, continue to ri'inain so.
From the first of April when strawberries Ix'gin
to ripen at Cairo, there is a succession of fruits
until the last frost-bitten persimmon is de-
DEPARTMENT, WORLD'S FAIR.
bei'ri('S, 10; plums, 10; pi'aches, 31; apjiles, 50;
pi'ars, 25; grapi's, 9,
Th(' nundx'r of varii'ties will bi' greatly in-
/;r(';is('d as tlu' si'ason advanci'S; in fact, it will
soon Ix'conu^ a (jiu'stion of room. A cold stor¬
age' I'oom has been built and part of the fruit is
shown uiuh'i’ glass in this I'oom, whih' tlu' sur¬
plus is s('nt to an outsidi' storagi' company,
wlu'iici' it is withdir'.wn as occasion reipiires.
Taki'ii all in all. tlu' ])eo]ile of Illinois have
('very reason to la* proud of tln'ii' hoi'ticultural
exhibit wlu'n compai’cd with that made from
other state's, considering the almost total failure
of the present season’s crop.
('AMIMJKLI/S ILLrSTKATKI) iriSTOKV OF THE WORLD'S ('OLEMIUAX EXPOSEITOA.
Ad!;
ILLINOIS’ AVONDERFUL EXHIBIT.
Illinois is essentially an a.”Ticnltnral stale.
In the west end of lu'r state building is an ex¬
hibit that shows the pi'oducts of the state to the
best advantage, whih; at the same time the dis¬
play, from an artistic, standpoint, has no e(pial
on the Ex])osition gi’onnds.
This work of art is hai*d-made and rejn-eseids
the artistic skill and genius of fifteen young
ladies, native's of the state.
The i.ucture^ re-pre'seids a typical farm scene.
The house's, animals, })e'rs')ns, ami in fae-t e'very-
ferr the market June 12. An exhibit of wheat
in stfdk is shown with matured heads fre)m six
to eight inches in length. It is ejf the ])resent
year’s gre^wth, and came fre)m sendhern Illinois.
ARCADIANS.
In the Louisiana state l)uileling is seen an
interesting gre^up of women fre)m the lejwer por¬
tion of that state, and who live as their feere-
pare'iits die I ceiduries ago. The'y are of French
eer Spanish descent and are called Arcadians.
Tliere are wrtmen in attendance who practic-
old and covered with an old cow-hide, coin-
Xdetes the furniture of this unattractive rejom.
Aliss Zulme Bramssard entertains the visitors
by explaining heew the peejple live anel from
what pursuits they derive a livelihood. From
her story one only gathers the idea of a life of
mere existence.
They are engaged in raising and preparing
for the market only in the old-time vuiy—rice,
cotton and corn.
These women have never before seen a rad-
road or train of cars. They live near Abbey-
ville in the parish of Vermillion, and it is at
rHOTOC RADH OF A FARW SCENE,
PRODUCTS, IN THE ILLINOIS BUILDING.
thing contaiiu'd in tlu' ])icturt' is made of Illi¬
nois products. The whole gives the idea of an
oil [)aintlng, so pt'rfect has the arranging of
colors in natural grains and grasses b('('n made.
The heavy dra[)t'ry over out' side of the franu'
is nuuit' by an arrajigemeut of ddft'reut grasst's,
the whole giving the etb'ct of silk.
A magnitict'ut pagoda, in dost' proximily, is
also made eutirt'ly of native products and is the
work of tilt' same ytmng latlies.
Illintiis slitiws an exhibit ttf potatties that
were jilantt'd from seed April 15, and were ready
DESIGNED FROAI GRAIN
ally demt)nstrate their daily life, and have with
them their implements which are more than a
huntlrt'tl years old.
The rtitmi is fitted up with tlie most primitive,
rutle anil ancit'iit furniture. Near the center of
the room sits Airs. Tht'riot, a mitltlle-agt'tl
woman, at her wlu't'l. First she cords hi'r cot¬
ton and then turns to the wheel and s[)ius for her
autlit'nce. At a short distance sits another
woman weaving the cloth of which their
tlresses az’e inatle. A high post-bed, shelves,
lounge and a chair, more than a hundred years
this place Longfellow is said to have found his
“ Evangeline.”
On Alidway plaisance anti just west of the
V Oman's building is an old New England
farmer s home. It is complete with the neces¬
saries which were usetl in the year 177t). Quite
a number of intt'rest ing, historical relics are
st'en, among them being the cradle of Perriguai
AVhite,the first white child born to the New Eng¬
land Colonies, a quilt 200 years old, and a dress
belonging to a famous Boston belle.
CAMPBELL’S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE WORLD'S COLUMP»lAY EXPOSITION.
.00
IN THE GOVERNMENT BUILDING.
Ill the Govennnent buikliiig the visitor is
pleased to pause before lar^a^ and commodious
cases tilled with a rare and interesting collection
of Colonial relics.
The first case upon the right as the visitor
emerges from the south entrance is the space
allotted to New York state, and among some of
the most interesting is a handsome silk pin¬
cushion, worked by Mrs. George W ashington,
and presented to Hon. J. Y. L. Pruyn. A sil¬
ver service owned by Gov.^ Jacob Leisler,
lieutenant-governor of New York in 1089, in
which year he was executed as a traitor. Seal
of Gen Pliilip Schuyler; sword worn by Gen.
Sittmaiin; camp service used by Gen. George
Washington during the revolution; a square
of brocade silk that came over in the Mayflower
Cotton Smith’s gold watch and pistols; Smith
was the first governor of Connecticut. x\ sing¬
ing book, one hundred and fifty years old; some
pewter plates belonging to John Rogers and
made in the year 1600; a silver watch of Joshua
Huntington; and a large pair of shears used to
cut garments for Revolutionary soldiers.
In the case which came from New Jersey
and Pennsylvania are some interesting relics,
a piece of the first lightning-rod, a tea-caddy,
platter, and silver spoon belonging to Benjamin
Franklin; The journal of Benedict Arnold; a
coffee-mill used at Valley Forge; epulettes of
Gen. Washington and a silver communion ser¬
vice used in a church in 1726 at Freesburg.
The case from Massachusetts contains the
largest, oldest and most interesting relics of
Colonial and prior periods; among the more im¬
portant and noticable is an iron spider which
Rock; a silve spoon by Gen. Burgoyne; Gov.
Roger AValcott s silver tankurds;asil\er mug and
spoons of George asliington; sibei tea-pot
and candlesticks of John Hancock; a biazier
owned by Paul Revere; Commodore Perry’s
silver pitchers; Xlajor General Jt)seph Warrens
waistcoat; Mrs John Adam s watch, and the
watch and seal of John Quincy A<lams; a gold
ring worn by John Hancoc'k; a silver snufPbok,
the property of Major Bulling who held the
lantern in the steeple of the North church in
the year 1775 for Paul Revere at the time of his
celebrated ride; a drum which was u.s(h1 at the
battle of Banker Hill and the property of Gen.
Moses 8haw; a silver salt cellar owiu'd by Mary
Chilton, who was the first person to set fcK)t on
Plymouth Rock; a silver sugar bowl the pi'op-
erty of Lady Arabella Johnson and ,)iought
over in the Mayflower; an alter clot i worked by
REPKO I AUCTION Ob
r the GREELEY RELIEF EXPEDITION, U, S. (GOVERNMENT 1)E1>ARTMENT.
and has always been used as a christening
blanket in the Chester family; miniature por¬
trait of Genet, first minister to France; seal of
William iSeaton the last royal notary in New
York City; the first issue of the New \ork
directory; a cane of Gen. Wasliington s; a
piece of Mrs. Washington's wedding-dress and
a needle book of Nellie Curtis. A silk vest em¬
broidered by Marie Antoinette.
In the exhibit from Conuecticuit and Rhode
Island are some quite interesting relics. Among
them the “Bloody Tennets'’of 1644; a cup and
saucer and inkstand of Stephen Hopkin, one
of the signers of the Declaration of Independ¬
ence; tray-snutfers, candle-sticks and silvercup,
once the property of Nathaniel Green; spec¬
tacles worn by William Ellery; a silk necktie
of Gen. Lafayette; John Adam’s tea-pot; John
was for many years used in the family of John
Hancock; miniature figures of George Wash¬
ington and King Philip carved from a beef-
bone by a soldier during the Revolutionary
war; a quaint old pipe owned and used by
Captain Miles Standish; a canteen carried at
the battle of Ticonderoga; the first umbrella
imported to this country; a small vial contain¬
ing tea that was found in the boots of Col. Ab¬
ner Cheever, of the Boston Tea Party; part
of the torch used by Gen. Putnam at Pomfret
when he was attacked in the cave by that
famous wolf; a pewter plate belonging to Sam-
ual Chase, one of the signers of the Declaration
of Independance; the family bible of John
Alden, brought over in the Mayflower and
printed in 1599; letters from Gen. Knox to
George Washington; a piece of the Plymouth
Queen Ann, of England.
In the North Carolina section are some
curious and interesting ridics. On paridiment is
seen the first ordination ot a ministei in
America. It isdati'd li47 and William lioopei
of Boston being the minister. A commuiiioii
service presented by Queen Anne to a church
in Edeiiton, North Carolina; a tine miniature
Dortrait of Gov. Galiriel Johnson dated 17J4,
.some silver of Oliver. Cromwell, brouglit to this
country by his brotiu*r Richard and now the
property of the Wright family in Wilmington
N. C. A silver cup jiresenfi'd to Col. Alexander
Martin by George Washington in the year 1782;
a richly embroidered stomacher worn by Queen
Elizabeth; a curious old ma]) drawn by DeBreys
inl587. It also contains an account of the new
world, especially that state.
510
('\MIM5KLi;s IIJ.rSTRATKl) IIISTORV OF THE WORLIVS FOLI^MIUAX EXPOSITIOX.
JJUILDIXC;
E[|ECTFJ) AT THE
EXPOSITION BY THE KRUPP GUN
WORKS.
INIERIOR VIEW OF KRUPP GUN WORKS BUILDING SHOWING THE 122-TON GUN.
511
r\M[‘r»Eij;s iiJ.rsTKATFJ) iirsTouv of thf wonurs ooli mrian fxpostttox.
view OF GERMAN CITIES AND VINVARDS, REPRODUCED IN THE GERMAN WINE CELLAR, HORTICULTURAL DEPAIiTMENT.
VIEW OF INTERIOR OF GERJilAN WINE CELLAR, HORTICULTURAL DEPARTMENT.
CAM?riELi;S II.LrSTRATEI) HISTOKV OE THE WORLD'S COLUMRLVX EXDOSIIION,
5 1 2
ORXAMEXTAL GER^IAX GATES.
(A)lnml)ia avcnno in flu' ALunifactart's biiild-
inu' was oat' of Ilit' most j)ojnilar Ilioroimhfart'S
ill any buikliai^ at tlu' Exposition, iiaatp'd on
each si(h' of tliis avenue was some of tlie finest
exliibits to be seen at flit' Exjjositic.n In tlie
vicinity of t In'j^'reat clock fowt'r was tlu'exhil)its
of (iennany, Pranct', Grt'at Britain, fin'Tiffany,
and otlit'i's of not('.
Pcrlia])s t he oiu' that attracti'd as much atten¬
tion as any in tlu' bnildinii; was that made in the
(jferman st'ction. Tlu' entrance to this section
was L!,narded by tlirec^ wroug’ht-iron ^ates.
Tht'se i^att's formt'd the iarjj.a'st pit'ce of wroiy<>’ht
iron ever imuh'. Tlu'ir total frontai^e was Bil
fci't. Tlu'ct'ntral ,u,-ate of the ^-ronp was forty
fet't liin:h and twmity-two feet widt', while each
sidt' ^ate was thirty feet hi^h and fifteen feet
wi(h'. TIu' ('('iitral ^ate wc'i^-ed ei^ldeen tons
is known that this material was very delicate
and frazil, the b'at of brinuin^’ it such a dis¬
tance, without sutferin.e; any misha]), seems won¬
derful to contemplate.
A lar^'e paintinp^ on porcelain tiles was placed
})etween the handsome pilfers umU'r the statuary
ciowidu”' the porch. This paintini^ represented
Germania and her two sons, Industry and Cour¬
age. The entire scc'iie was a beautiful view on
the river Rhine, showinuf Coloejue s Catlu'dral
towi'i's, with the tii^ure of Germania in the clouds
and Father Rhine in a boat.
This excellent piece of work was purchased
by the Germania club of Chica^’o, and placed in
their handsome club-house on the north side of
the city.
In the north alcove of the porch was an ex¬
hibit of porcelain dishes that W(.)uld captivate
the heart of the connoisseur. Here was to be
seen every iniai^'inable kind of dish, from the
Fair which occupied an important position in
the ^mneral succi'ss of the i>reat exhibition
This was the Emero-ency Hospital. Thousands
of men, women and childrc'ii were ^iven aid and
comfort who otherwise would have lieen com¬
pelled to suffer. The building- was located in a
convenient part of the ,u;rounds, and its staff of
nurses, physicians and ambulance cordis was jier-
fect. The sweet-faced uursi^s, in their frilled
caps and white aprons, will long lie remembered
by the people who fell under their gentle min¬
istrations. They occupied a conspicuous place
among the thousands who were employed on the
Fair grounds, although their names and faces
were familiar to a few outsidi' of the building in
which they so patiently and nobly labored.
During the six months of the Fair 18,500
cases were treated at the hospital, being an
average of 120 a day. During the early days
the cases were fi'w and were contined almost
oivXamIjNial wrougut-tron gates guard...ng entrance to the german section, manufactures department.
and the two side pairs thirteen tons ('ach.
Tlu'y wt'i'c' tinislu'd in ornamental scroll work
consist ing of fruit, flower, leaf and other th'signs.
Thv'gall's wi'i'c made by Armbruster Brothers,of
Frnnkforl-oii-the Main, Germany.
GERM AX POROELAIX EXHIBIT.
Tdie exhii)it of porcelain in the German sec¬
tion of the Manufactures di'partmeut was one
that attracted universal attention anil admira¬
tion. Till' [xu'celain ])orch marking the en¬
trance to this exhibit was one of the most beau¬
tiful pieces of architectual work on Columbia
avenue.
This entiri' 2 )orch, or eidrance, was made by
the Royal Porcelain Factory of Berlin, Germany,
and then transi)orted to this country. When it
tiny salt-celler to the magniticent vase. There
were many different sizes and styles of vases,
some of them with figures and sceiies almost
life-like in their rejirodiiction.
As a background or setting for this exhibit
was a haiidsome 2 >ainting on jiorcelain. The
painting represented Cupid as conductor of a
musicale. wherein the fowls of the air and
earth were the musicians. The figures in tlu'
painting were perfect in color, the whole bh'ud-
ing into a harmony of shades. Tlii' entire wink
as done by I rof. A. Ivpis, of Berlin, who was
sipieriiitendent of the exhibit.
AVORK OF THE COLUAIBIAX EMER
GEXCY HOSPITAL.
There was one department at the World's
exclusively to the workmen employed upon the
grounds and in the buildings. The least num¬
ber treated was diii'ing May, that month show¬
ing a record of 2,t)oL cases, duly and August
showed the largest number of cases, d,292 for
the former and d,l()9 for the latter. The gri'at-
est number of jiatieiits for any single day was
on October 9, Chicago J)ay, wlien the record
showed 253, three of whom died.
The cases treaii'd re^u'esi'iited almost every
class of aihneid During the hot wi'ather of
duly and August the number was increased by
heat jirostrations, faintings, headaches and other
nervous conpilaints, very fc'W being from ac¬
cidents. That day of horror, the burning of
the Cold Storage building there w'ere 102 cases,
twenty-three of which came from the tii’^-
There were three deaths on that day.
CAMTT»ELi;S [LLT STTiATKl) HrSTORV OF THE WORTJVS (U)LrMlUAX EXI’OSITIOX.
EXHIBIT OF PORCELAIN DESKJN. HERMAN SECTION MANUFACrUBES BUILDINO.
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PORCELAIN EXHIBIT AND PAINTING ON PORCELAIN, GERMAN SECTION MANUFACTURES DEPARTMENT
CAMPHELI/S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE WORLIUS (’OLUMIUAX EXPOSITION.
H. E. AIARSHAL JOSE SIAIEAO DE OLIVEIRA,
LATE PRESIDENT BRAZILIAN COMMISSION TO THE WORLD’S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION
I DIED JUNE 19, 1893.]
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REPRODUCTION FROM A PHOTOGRAPH OF THE PAINTING ‘BRAZILIAN INDEPENDENCE.” ON EXHIBIT IN BRAZIL’S BUILDING AT THE WORLD’S FAIR
BRAZIL AT THE WORLDH COLUMBIAN
EXPOSITION.
Brazil is the second largest republic in the
world. The total area of South America is
7,lb<),158 square miles. Brazil alone covei’s H,-
1^88,000 s(piare miles, or over one-half the entire
area of the South Ameilcan cozitinent. Tliis
vast territcay, occupying almost the entire east¬
ern part of the continent, is 2,GOO miles long,
2,500 miles wide, and has over 4,000 miles of
seaboard. The ])opulation of South America, at
the last census, was 55,000,000, and the popu¬
lation of Brazil about 12,000,000. This would
give Brazil one-third the po])ulation of the en¬
tire country.
Brazil is composed of twenty states or pro-
♦diices, the largest of wlii<'h is Amazoii, and the
smallest Seigipe. The folhjwing are the names
of the several states: Amazon, Para, Alatto
tanee was at once admitted by the Government.
Prompt action was taken by the country as a
wliole and also by the individual states. A
large appropriation was made and 100,000 feet
(jf space was asked for in which to make a dis-
jday in the ditferent departments. The large
numb(‘r taking part in \he Exposition, however,
made it nece.ssary to curtail the amount of space
allotted to each country, on the part of the
United States, and Brazil was able to get only
50,000 s([uare feet, or about one-third of what
she asked for.
When it was decided to make a largo number
of departments Brazil pvt'pared exiribits for
thirteen of these departments. One of the
finest sites in the north end of the Exposition
grounds was allotted to that country on which
it at once began the erectioii of what has proved
to be the handsomest foreign building on the
grounds, if the country can really be classed
wise, the whole surface being finely polished
This exhibit forms one of the attractive features
of the Forestry dei)artment.
Coffee, rubber, sugar and cotton are the prin¬
cipal products of the country. All of these are
shown in a large display made in the Agricul¬
tural building, where that country occunies a
large space in the northwest end of the buildino-
• *
Tobacco, cocoa, tapioca, mandioca, Brazil
nuts, and many other products are also shown
here.
In the Manufactures and Liberal Arts depart¬
ments are to be found displays of tln^ medicinal
Xiroducts of the country, mosaic work, many
varieties of work done in feathers by native
Indians, besides articles of commerce in manu¬
factures,
In the Mining department is an extensive ex¬
hibit of gold, silver, and other minerals, besides
a display of stones, argiles and crystals.
REPUBLIC OF BRAZIL AT THE WT)RLD’S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
BUILDING ERECTED BY THE
Grosso, Goyaz, Maranhao, Piauhi, Ceara, Rio
Grande do Norte, Parahiba, Pernambuco, Ala-
goas, Bahia, Minas Geraes, Espirato Santo, Rio
de Janeiro, S. Paulo, Parana, S. Catherina, Rio
Grande do Sul and Seigipe. Only about one-
third of the entire country is settled.
This country has been a rexniblic since 1881)
when it deposed Dom Pedro II, and instituted
a republican form of government. Since that
time it has grown in population and has in¬
creased its commercial relations with other
countries. It has also paid much attention to
internal improvements, in the way of railroads,
to assist in developing the interior portions of
the country.
That such a large and progressive country
should be represented at the Mhirld's Columbian
Exposition in a manner iiefitting its impor-
among what is termed foreign countries. Com¬
modious, elegant in its style of architecture,
with decorations and interior furnishings of the
most costly kind, giving it an air of homelike
attractiveness, it has been the mecca for hun¬
dreds of thousands of visitcms, who admired the
costly and elegant paintings adorning the walls
and the display of cajfees made on the entire
first tioor.
Of the disjfiays made in the thirteen different
departments that in the Forestry building is
the largest and finest made l)y any country and
includes 441 ditferent varieties of woods. These
woods are nearly all useful in some degree',
('ither for dyestuffs, construction, joinery or
mosaical work. Nearly all the specimens are
polished on one end. and one rosewood niece is
shown consisting of half a tree sawed length-
The section in the Fine Arts gallery devoted
to that country contains some rare collections
of the work of celebrated artists and sculijtors.
In the south end of the Woman’s building is a
fine exhil)it of lace work and bead woi’k by na¬
tive Indians and otlier women of the country.
In the west wing of the Fisheries building is
an exhibit of the different kiinls of boats used
in that country, including the sail rafts. A
stuffed alligator and a large variety of shells
and coral add to the display.
Small exhibits are made in each of the Trans¬
portation, Machinery, Electricity and Ajithropo-
logical buildings, that in the latter being of
much historical interest. In t he Hide and Lea¬
ther building they make a fine display of the
skins of wild animals and of rubber.
In the early days of the Exposition, owing
to a combination of circumstances, Brazil was
somewhat delayed. The sickness and death of
President Oliveira was a sad loss to the com¬
mission. During these trying times there wa 5 »
one man connected with the comniissioii who
was always at his post of duty and to whom
great credit is due. This is Dr. Adolpho
Aschotf, the gentlemanly secretary of the com¬
mission. This gentleman has won many friends
among the representatives of this and other
countries for h;g courteous bearing and indefat¬
igable zeal in the interests of the Exposition.
REAR ADMIRAL J. ANTONIO CORDO-
VIL MAURITY.
The new loresident of the Brazilian Commis¬
sion to the Columbian Exposition, whoso ap¬
pointment was made to till the vacancy caused
by the death of President Oliveira, arrived at
his headcprarters in the Brazil build¬
ing, Si^ptember 4. This gentleman
is Rear Admiral J. Antonio Cordovil
Maurity, of the Brazilian navy, who
is one of the most famous naval offi¬
cers of modern times.
He was born forty-seven years ago
and has seen active service in the
navy for about thirty-five years. Al¬
most his entire life has been spent iji
the service of his country, and some
of his deeds of daring and naval ex¬
ploits read like tales of romance.
VV^hen 1)ut twenty-two years of age
he performed a deed of valor in
making ‘'The Passage of Humayta,”
during the war between Brazil and
Paraguay, which brought him fame
all over Europe and promotion in his
country, where his name is so very
popular that every city in Brazil has
a street named in his honor.
He is one of the few officers in
the Brazilian navy or aimy who ever
received the decoration known as the
“Southern Cross Prize,” a mark of
distinction that, in Brazil, means
more than tlie Cross of the Legion of
Honor in France, from the fact that
it is seldom conferred, This was
given him by the late Dom Pedro,
Emperor of Brazil, for gallant service.
The xVdmiral is an energetic, active
gentleman and enters into his work
as president of the commission, with
the same zest that he would display
were he going into an engagement
with an enemy to his country. Al¬
though he has spent a greater por¬
tion of his life in the navy lie has not forgotten
to keep abreast with the times in an educational
way. His range of knowledge covers a wide
territory; in fact he is known as one of the best
educated men in the naval service of any coun¬
try. He speaks several languages very fluently,
and being a gentleman of polished manner and
address, he is a valuable addition to the foreign
representatives at the World’s Fair. The ac¬
companying photograph was taken since his
arrival in Chicago and is a perfect likeness of
the gentlemen as he at present appears.
MARSHAL JOSE SIMEAO DE OLIVEIRA.
The number of deaths occurring among the
foreign representatives at the World s Fair
since its inauguration has been very small, most
countries being very fortunate in this respect.
Among those which suffered the loss of their
accredited commissioners at the Exposition is
Brazil. The gentleman who succumbed to the
grim monster was Marshal Jose Simeao de Oli¬
veira, President of the Brazilian Commission to
the Exposition.
President Oliveira was born in 1838, in Rio
(Irande do Sul, a state in Brazil. He entered
the military school at Rio de Janeiro when a
youug mail, from which institution he gradu¬
ated as military engineer and at once entered
the service of the governnu'nt. During the war
with Paraguay, from 1805 to 1870. he took an
active part, receiving distinguished honors for
gallant service done.
From that time until the revolution of 1880
he was in the service of the governmeut in the
capacity of military engineer and an offici'r.
He espoused the cause of the revolutionists and
on the overthrow of the monarchy and estab¬
lishment of a rexiublic he received the axuioint-
ment of governor of Pernambuco, one of the
Brazilian states. He was afterwards elected as
senator of that state to the general government,
in which capacity he served until 1801 when he
was Minister of War by President
Peixoto.
When a commission was organized to look
after Brazil’s exhibit at the Worlds hair, Mar¬
shal de Oliveira was ai3iiointed jjresident of it.
He came to Chicago and directed the affairs of
the commission until early in May when illness
compelled him to give up his work and hasten
home. He only reached New York on his way
to Brazil when his sickness proved fatal. He
died June 19th, in that city. His body was
einbalnuHl and taken to his native country where
he was buried with military honors.
ETHNOLOGICAL EXHIBIT IN THE
WOMAN'S BUILDING.
In the ethnological room is seen an elaborate
dis^ilay of valuable and imiiortant curios, among
wliich is the extensive and comxilete collection
obtained by Mrs. French-Sheldon during her
exxilorations in Eastern Africa.
Twenty-five cases are coinxilelely filled and
each article carefully and accurately labled.
Among the most attractive and interesting are
her traveling costumes, court dresses, swords
and belts. The disjilay of native attiri', curios,
imxilements and utensils is large and comxilete.
There is seen a beaded loin cloth and the first
one ever jiarted with after being worn by a
native woman. Dresses embroidered by African
women, shields of all descrijition, size, shajic
and material are shown. Staffs, carrit'd by rich
natives, slave chains and yoke, savage imxile-
ments of war, bows, arrows, sxiears,
knives, clubs, (dc., barter cloth, nu'd-
iciue bt'lts, headgear of all kinds,
made of the feathers of native birds,
es^iecially the vulture, garments from
the skins of monkeys, lions, tigers
and otlun' ferocious beasts. J\lany
utensils for domestic usi', such as
cuxis, bowls, etc., made from cotton
and cyxirus wood. One set contains
the only sanpile of human figure
carving in East Africa, ornaments of
all kinds, both for men and wonum
made of beads, gold, silver, iron, coxi-
per and brass; armh'ts, h'glets, ear¬
rings, necklaces, nose-rings and tine
chains.
There are stuffial birds, rare stones,
sliells, pipes, snuff-boxes, sandles,
jioisoned arrows, cloths, fibre mats,
coins, and thousands of every con¬
ceivable thing that grows or is imuU'
in Africa. Quite consxiicuous are
the different flags which Mrs. Shel¬
don carried during her tri^i consist¬
ing of a fine silk flag of the United
States, a flag of greeting, flag of wel¬
come, flag of truce, and the beautiful
blue flag, always carried at the liead
of the caravan, on which the fol¬
lowing words are inscribed in gold
letters, “Noli me Tangera”—“Touch
me not,” a safeguard to her iierson
and a xirotection from all harm
Several other large cases contain a
fine collection of native wares, wea-
Xions, utensils and curios from the
Island of Madagascar, loaned by l\Irs.
Frederick Taylor, F. R. S., disxilayed
and exhibited by Mrs. Sheldon.
The exhibit from the Smithsonian Institute
is also exceedingly interesting and contains
much that is rare and valuable.
AMONG LATIN-AMERICAN STATES.
Among the Latin-American states rexiresented
at the Fair are Costa Rica, Jamaica, Uruguay.
Trinadad, Paraguay, Argentine Rexmblic, Nic¬
aragua, Hayti, Venezuela, Colombia and Ecua¬
dor, each of the latter four have buildings of
their own in which they make a vm-y creditable
exhibit. In the Venezuela building are some
very fine oil x^'ihitings which attract much at¬
tention from visitors. There is a “Charge of the
Amazons,’’ “A Bull Fight,” “Purgatory,” “An
Eviction,” and “A (fliaritable Call.” Some of
the ^tates exhibit in the Agricultural building
REAR ADMIRAL J. ANTONIO CORDOVIL MAURITY,
PRESIDKXT BRAZILIAN COMMISSION TO WORLD'S FAIR.
CAMPBELL’S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE WORIJPS COLILMBLAX EXPOSITIOX.
T) 1 1\
REPUBLIC OF COLOAIBIA AT THE
EXPOSITION.
The Republic of C(jloiiibia, South America,
made a very credirable representation at the
Exposition. This country takes in the extreme
northwest part of Soutli America, the Isthmus
of Panama Ixun^ its western boundary. Among
the Latin-American states it lias taken a lead-
ing part in the jirogress of tliat section of the
world, and by its interest in the World's Fail-
made further steps in that line.
An ap])roj)riation of $150,000 was made for a
proper representation of the country. This
was expended in the erection of a handsome
little building in which was made a display of
gallery aliove The exhibitions rooms were
conveniently arranged with show cases and
shelves for properly displaying the exhibits.
The two corners in front were crowned with
two groups of children supporting a globe from
which two tlagstaffs jirojected. On each side of
the building were hothouses, each 12x24 feet,
and filled with various iilants.
The reception rooms were handsomely fur¬
nished and much enjoyed by visitors.
The Commissioners were: T. Paredes, special
commissioner for Antiocpiia; H. R Lemly, com¬
missioner general; E. E. Britton, commissioner
for xAntioquia; Miguel Alontoya, commissioner
for Boyaca; Juan AL Davila, commissioner for
Magdalena.
of woods to be found in the country; dyestuffs
minerals, sugar in the raw state and refined*
Birds of beautiful plumage, from which millions
draw their sui)plies were numerous.
There were over 3G0 separate classes of ex¬
hibits scheduled from the state. These exhibits
were made in the departments of Horticulture
Live stock, Fish and Fisheries, Alines and
Alining, Alachiiiery, Transportation, Alanufac-
tures. Liberal xArts and Foi-estry. In the exhibit
devoted to the products of the forest was a very
attractive and valuable assortment of gums
resins, barks, berries, roots, herbs, medicinal
plants, fibers, veneers and various other com¬
mercial products.
About $2,000 was expended in the erection of
T E REPUBLIC OF COLOMBIA BUILDING AT THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION
the various products of the country, coffee,
dyestuffs, medicinal plants and minerals taking
the leading place. Birds of beautiful plumages
filled many cases.
The building had a frontage of. 50 feet and
heighth of 00 feet, was of the French style of
architectuie, hnished in wood, staff, iron and
zinc. It occupied a conspicuous position on the
avenue extending from the Fifty-seventh street
entrance to the Lake and in close proximity to
Sweeden’s building.
In the center a dome rose in conic form,
crownc-d at the top with a large condor, which
is the symbol of that country.
A large staircase gave easy ascent to the
t
EXHIBIT OF COSTA RICA AT THE FAIR.
Among the Central American states to take
an acHve part in the Exposition Costa Rica
occupied a conspicuous position. A special
building was erected on the north pond in close
proximity to the Fine Arts building. It was in
the Doric style of architecture, 100x00 feet in
dimensions, and two stories in height. The
building was composed of wood, iron and staff
hnished in very handsome design.
The interior of the building was filled with
an exhibit characteristic of Central American
states, coffee being one of the products. Among
the many things to be seen were the varieties
the building and a large sum in the installation
of the exhibits.
The exhibit of agricultural products made by
the country consisted of everything which
could be successfully grown in a semi-tropical
country, including rice, cotton, sugar cane and
all the different cereals.
Costa Rica was represented at the Exposition
by Manuel AI. de Peralta, president of the com¬
mission; Dr. David J. Guzman, commissioner
general; D. Joaquin Bernardo Cah-o, secretary;
Anastasio Alforo, archaelogical department;
Di. Francisco J. Rucavado, treasurer; Dr. Felipe
Gallegos and D. Guillermo Gerard, commis¬
sioners.
510
(’AMIT>ELi;S ILLUSTKATEI) HISTOEY OE THE WORLD’S COLT MBIAX EXPOSITION.
BUILDING ERECTED BY COSTA RICA AT THE WORLD'S COLUMJHAN EXPOSITION.
AGRICULTURAL EXHIBIT MADE BY PORTO RICO AT THE EXPOSITION.
20
CAMIM}ELi;S ILIXSTIIATEI) HISTOEY OF THE WORLD'S ('OLU)IIUAX EXPOSITION.
MRS. LAXA A. BATES.
LADY MANAfiKK FROM NKBRAKKA.
MRS. E. C. LANGWORTHY,
LADY MANAGER FRO.M NEBRASKA.
MRS. ACiNES C. PAUL,
LADY .manager FROM VIRGINIA
MRS. ERANCIS B. CLARKE,
LADY MANAGER FROM MINNESOTA
521
CAMTllELl/S ILIXS'I
MISS CORA D. PAYNE,
LADY MANAGER PROM KENTUCKY.
MRS. AGNES C. PAUL.
Mrs. Agnes G. Paul, member of tlie Board of
World’s Fair managers for the Fourth Congres¬
sional district of Maine, is a native of the town
of Fort Fairfield, in Aroostook county, where
she has always resided.
From early life Mrs. Paul has manifested a
lively and intelligent interest in questions of a
public nature, and for many years she has been
an acknowledged leader in efforts to jjromotethe
welfare of the community. In 1849 Mrs. Paul
was made assistant postmaster, having sole
cliarge of the office for several years. In April,
1887, she was commissioned postmaster, which
api^ointment she held nine years, since which
she has been engaged in mercantile business.
She is, and has been since 1881, local agent of
the Associated Press, and a regular correspond¬
ent for several papers, being a vigorous and
graceful writer.
February, 1890, the National Non-Partisan
Woman’s Christian Temperance Union ap¬
pointed Mrs. Paul provisional president of that
organization for Maine, involving the duty of
organizing a State Non-Partisan \\. C. T. PL
which she did October 1st of the same year and
was made president of that body which office
she now holds.
MRS. THOMAS A. WHALEN,
LADY MANAGER FROM UTAH.
'HATED IIISTOHV OF THE WOHldfiS (’Old
MRS. FRANCIS B. CLARKE.
Mrs. Francis B. Clarke, of St. Paul Minnesota,
a member of the Board of Lady Managers for
the Columbian Exposiiion, was also president of
the State Board of Minnesota. She was like¬
wise Chairman of the committee on music for
the Woman's building during the entire period
of the Fair.
Mrs. Clarke is of New England and of South¬
ern descent. She is the daughter of James
Egbert Thompson and the grand-daughter of
Judge Amos Thompson of Poultney, Vt., and
was born in Georgia. She was educated in
Germany
Mrs. Clarke is an excellent musician and an
accomplished linguist and is a leader in matters
of art, culture, philanthropy and society. She
is an active meinlier in the “New Century Club,”
also president of the “Mitford House,'’ a most
successful home for girls.
MISS CORA D. PAYNE.
Miss Cora D. Payne, is a native of Henderson,
Ky., where she received her education and
taught for a time in the public schools. She
MRS. PARTHENIA P. RUE,
LADY MANAGER FROM CALIFORNIA.
was for three years the special correspondent of
the Evansville Courier and Journal, and has
been prominently connected with other well-
known publications. While Miss Payne has
led the uneventful life of a Southern lady, of
which class she is a typical representative, her
talent and journalistic ability became so gener¬
ally known that she was appointed by the
governor of Kentucky to represent that State as
one of the Board of Lady Managers for the
yVovld’s Columbian Exposition. At the first
iueeting of the board, Nov. 20, 1890, her execut¬
ive abilities were recognized by her appointment
to the office of tenqiorary secretary, in which
capacity she served until the election of Miss
Phoebe Couzins. MissPayne is personally very
congenial, having as great a talent for social as
for official life. To this her social succe.ss in the
past will testify.
MRS L. M. N. STEVENS.
Mrs. L. M. N. S. evens, nee Ames, was born in
Dover, Maine, March, 1844. Was educati'd at
Foxcroft Academy and Westbrook Seminary
and Female College, and spent several years
MHIAN EXIfilSlTIDN.
MRS. L. M. N. STEVENS,
LADY MANAGER FROM MAINE.
prior to lu'r marriage— in 1807—as a teacher.
H('r husband is a business imin of Portland.
She has bt'en identified with the philanthropies
and charities of Alaine for tlu' past twenty years.
For thirteen years she has been (and now is)
president of the Maine W. C. T. 1 . and one of
the secretaries of the National Y . C. T. 1^.
She is one of the trusti'es of the (J iris' 1 ndns-
trial School of Maiiu', out' of tlie principal
founders of the Temporary Home for Net'dy
Women and Children, and corn'sponding secre¬
tary for Maine of tin' National Conference of
Charities amt Uorri'ction. Slu' is couseipiently
extensively know’ii throughout h(>r state', having
visited and spoken in marly eve'ry city ami
liamlet, lu'r apjiointment on tlu' Board of Lady
Managers was a just recognition of her abilities
and worth.
MRS. LAURA PREWITT COLEiMAN.
Mrs. Laura Prewitt Coleman was born in
Kentucky and is a descendant of the Prewitts
of that stat(' and the Talbots of Virginia. Her
subsequent life has been sijent in the West
She was appointed one of the Board of Lady
Managers from Colorado, serving on the Boai'd
daring the continuance of the Exposition. Her
efforts were directed toward having a compre¬
hensive exhibit from the women of her state.
MRS. LAURA P. COLEMAN,
LADY MANAGER FROM COLORADO
DELAWARE AT THE EXPOSITION.
The Delaware state building was constructed
entirely of native woods and materials from the
state. It was 58x60 feet in size, very jhctur-
esque, elaborately furnished and cost $9,500.
The principal room was furnished in colonial
style and contained clay models of the old
Swedish church at Wilmington, Barrett’s
chapel, and Christ church, which was built over
100 years ago. This church was built of heart
pine, iiad liigli backed pews, cliancel at one end,
with servant’s gallery at the opposite end, mid¬
way on the east side was the lofty puljht and
Imimaliately below the reading and clerk’s desk.
Pallors and committc'e rooms wer('convenieidly
arranged.
The state a])])ropriation. including i)rivate
subscriptions, amounted to $21,700. Of this
amount, $9,500 was expended on the building.
000. The building cost $150,000, was three
stories high and occupied a ground space of
105x160 feet. It was a frame structure with
facing of staff in imitation of marble; the roof
was decked and circled by a heavy balustrade,
each pedestal of which supported an Italian
vase filled with a bay tree. The fiat roof with
such surroundings made an attractive prom¬
enade and summer garden. On the north and
south ends of the building were circular porti¬
coes each having a fountain.
This building was not only very attractive,
but arranged in such a way as to accommodate
large gatherings of such distinguished guests as
the commissioners were pleased to entertain.
The various parlors, reception rooms and offices
were conveniently located, handsomely furnisiied
and attractive. The main hall had a mosaic
floor and was decorated with imported silk
hangings. This hall was 84 feet long, 46 feet
and canned fruits, palms, ferns, foliage plants
ornamental bulbous, tiowering plants, orchids'
roses, aquatic plants, magnolias, hydrangias'
caniias, rock plants, cut flowers, and florist’s
supplies of all kinds, canned vegetables, gar¬
den implements, etc. In the Forestry buildiiiD-
was an exhibit of the native woods of the state
In Mines and Mining building were 247 ex
hibiters showing iron ore, petroleum, granite
limestone, coral shell, marble, sandstone, slate'
garnet, clay and pressed bricks, glass sand, terra
cotta, kaolin, cement, mineral water, mineral
paint and salt.
In the MMnian’s department New York took
the lead, the library being a j^art of their exhibit
In every department the state was represented.
The members of the New York State Board
of Commissioners were Chauncpy M. Depew
president; Gorton 4V. Allen, vice president-
John Foord, secretary; Donald McNaughton,
* ' I
ll|
.vans,* '
^2
agSP"
DELAWARE STATE BUILDING AT THE WORLD’S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
and the remaining portion distributed in the
Woman's, Fthnological and other exhibits.
The members of the Delaware State Board of
Commissioners were: Thomas B. Smith, presi¬
dent: George Wh Emery, vice president; Wdl-
liam K. Allaband, secretary; R. W'^. Reynolds,
treasurer; Henry C. Conrad, Matthias T. Moore,
Mrs. Caleb Churchman; Miss Ida Bacon, Mrs.
Anna E. Hall, Gov. Robert J. Reynolds.
National Board Lady Managers: Mrs. J.
Frank Ball, Mrs. Mary Kinder, alternates: Mrs.
Thomas F. Armstrong, Mrs. iMay Torbert.
National Commission; George V. Massey.
W illard Hall Porter, alternates: Charles F.
Richard, IVilliam Saulsbury.
NEW^ YORK AT THE EXPOSITION.
The New York state appropriation was $(>00,-
wide and 45 feet high, the ceiling richly orna¬
mented with fruit designs. It was known as the
bampiet hall and was the largest room of the
kind at the Exposition. The lighting of this
building required two thousand electric bur¬
ners, on extra occasions such, as receptions,
banquets, etc.
A relief map of the state of New York which
cost $40,000 was greatly admired and served to
give all visitors a correct idea of the topography
of the empire state.
In Agricultural building were 997 exhibiters
showing samples of wheat, corn, oats, rye, buck¬
wheat, barley, sorgum, cane, sugar, syrup, beans,
broom-corn, peas, butter, cheese, hops, wool,
flax, silk, chestnuts, beechnuts, butternuts,
hickory nuts, and preserved fruits.
lu Hoi ticult uial building were 184 exhibiters
showing peaches, grapes, apples, strawberries
executive officer; John Boyd Thacher, Louis
M. Howland, Walter L. Sessions, Charles A.
Sweet.
Officers of the Board of Lady Managers: Mrs.
Erastus Corning, president; Mrs. George Whid-
dington, first vice president; Mrs. J. S. T. Stra-
nahan, second vice president; Mrs. Leslie Pell-
Clarke, secretary; Miss Frances Todd Patterson,
treasurer; Mrs. Florence C. Ives, chief clerk;
Executive Committee: Mrs. Dean Sage, Mrs.
Frederick P. Bellamy, Miss Anna Roosevelt,
Miss Caroline E. Dennis, Mrs. Howard G.
IVhite, Mrs. H. Walter Webb.
National Board of Lady Managers: Mrs.
Ralph Trantman, Mrs. Win. K. Vanderbilt;
alternates: Mrs. John Pope, Mra. A. M. Palmer.
National Commission: Chauncey M. Depew,
John Boyd Thacher; alternates: James H.
Breslin, James Roosevelt.
Tl
TTirni
iHtmUtiU liittl.
mmu
tuiiiifil f «nn{M
I t
mmm mmimt itittittf
NEW YORK STATE BUILDING AS IT APPEARED DURING THE EXERCISES ON “MANHATTAN DAY AT THE EXPOSITION
521 -
CAMIMIKLL'S ILLrSTTIATKI) HISTOHV OF THE WOK’LD'S (M)LrMHlAX
AlISSOURI AT THE EXPOSITION.
The Alissouri ljuildiiig was two stf)ries high,
with large dome 70 feet, tiaiiked by smaller
doiiK'S 48 feet high; the ground space occiii)ied
8()x8() feet.
The main entrance was of brown cut stone
from the (piarries of Warrensbiirg; the balance
f)f the structuia' was frame, covered with staff.
The rotunda of the Imilding had a flooring of
mosaic tih*. There was a telegrai)li and post-
office' under tin' octagonal dome. On the left of
th('rotunda V('re two ('xhibit rf)oms 30x20 and
28x17 feet; also, pre'ss, reading-room, library
and information bureau.
On the seeamd thjor was a large audience
room, parlors, reading-rof)m, toilet-rooms, com¬
mittee' room and s])ccial room for the Oovernor.
The ])lat(' glass, tile for roof and flooring, the
plumbing and cut stone was all donated by
.Missouri manufacturers.
Dairy, $10,000; Wool, $250; Forestry, $5,000;
Fisheries, $1,000; Educational, $6,000; Live
Stock, $16,000; Anthropological, $2,500;
Woman’s, $7,500; Arcluoolejgical, $2,500.
In the Agricultural building they were 177
exhibiters, and they made a fine display of
wheat, hay, corn, oats, grass seeds, rye, millet,
clover, barley, broom-corn, flax, hemp, and 32
varieties of tobacco.
In the Mines and Mining building there were
105 exhibiters, with the following exhibits:
galena, hematite, limonite, magnetite, fossil
coal plants, blende, calcite, dolomite, marcasite,
cerussite, silver ore, stalactite, martite, millerite,
biutuminous and caiinel coal, marble, sandstone,
cubes, limestone, polished marble, granite,
por[)hyry, onyx, oil stones, tripoli, kaolin, clays,
Roman brick, etc.
In Horticultural building a fine display was
made l)y 71 exhibiters, consisting of grapes,
peaches, cherries, blackberries, (piinces, goose-
EX POSITION.
The followin,g were members of the Alissouri
State Board of Commissioners: N. H. Gentry,
president, Sedalia; Nathan Frank, vice-presi¬
dent, St. Louis; Will. Dawson, secretary, Xew
Aladrid; Dr. E. McD. Coffey, treasurer, Platte
City; Charles W. Green, Brookfield; H. H.
Gregg, Joplin; Hugh J. McGowan, Kansas
City; J. K. Gwynii, executive commissioner,
St. Louis.
Ladies’ Auxiliary Board; Airs. Patti Aloore,
Kansas City; Airs. J. N. Edwards, St. Joseph;
Airs. Teresa B. Adams, St. Louis; Airs.
S. P. Sparks, Warrensbiirg; Airs. AI. J.
Phelps, Springfield; Airs. J. J. Russell, Char¬
leston.
National Board Lady Alanagers: Airs. Phoebe
Couzins, St. Louis; Aliss Lillian AI. Browu,
Kirkwood. Alternates: Airs. Patti Aloore,
Kansas City; Airs. A. L. Y. Ortf, St. Louis.
National Commissioners: Thomas B. Bullene,
Kansas City; Charles H. Jones, St. Louis'
MISSOURI STATE BUILDING AT THE EXPOSITION.
All tlu' furnit lire in tlu' building was made of
native woods in artistic designs and in every
way appropriate for the various rooms occupied.
A^isitors will remombor the two fine peacocks
nicely mounted and having such attractive
spreading tails that one could easily imagine
that they must have been proud birds when
alive.
One room was finished by Jasper county, the
walls and ceiling covered with sparkling zinc
and lead, with a beautiful onyx fire-place.
Several cities furnished rooms which were occu¬
pied with interesting exhiliits of their products
and historical articles.
The Alissouri appropriation for Exposition
purposes was $I5().0()0, which was expended as
follows: State Imilding, .$45,000; Agricultural,
$8,000; Alineral, $15,000; Horticultural, $10,000;
berries, crab apples, plums, pears, apricots,
nectarines, apples, currants, strawberries, peas,
beans, tomatoes, cucumbers, corn, squash,
canteloupe, parsnips, radishes, cabbage, aspara¬
gus, celery, carrots, and beets.
In the Forestry building was a creditable
showing of the different woods of the state,
made by 15 exhibiters, consisting of blue ash.
aspen, buckeye, catalpa, black wild cherry, dog¬
wood, gum, hackberry, hickory, holly, linden,
maple, pine, poplar, red bud, sassafras, willow,
alder, bitter sweet, blackberry, rattan, Carolina
rose, prairie rose, saw briar, sheepsbery, straw¬
berry, bush, summach, trumper, creeper,
woohoo, wafer, ash, wisteria, oak, buckthorn,
button bush, chokeberry, cissus, corkwood,
crabapple, cross vine, dewberry, elder, grape,
arrowroot, wild plum, and raspberry.
Alternates: O. H. Piclier, Joplin; R. L. AIc-
Donald, St. Joseph.
Alissouri had many special features in the
Agricultural depaitment. One of these was
the reproduction of the bridge aci'oss the
Alississippi at St. Louis. The structure was
entirely of sugar cane, and, architecturally, it
was a very fine piece of work. A perfect horse
made from the different grains and grasses
native to the state was another feature to be
found in this exhibit and one that showed
the possibility of the use of grains in ornaiiien-
t-ation and reproduction of animals, birds and
even men and women. The different shades
and colors of the animal w^^re almost perfect,
each part being composed of a different kind
of grain, the grain used showing artistic care in
combination.
AGRICULTURAL ARCHITECTURE.
Never before at an exhibition in this or any
other country has there been such a widespread
and diversity of ornamental architecture in the
construction of exhibits and booths in tlie de¬
partments devoted to the products of the soil.
This h as been brought to the highest state of
perfection in the Illinois and Iowa state build¬
ings, where the work done in grains and grasses
is something really wonderful to those not fa¬
miliar with the possibilities of snch ingredients
for decorative pui’ijoses.
The farm scene in the Illinois building is one
of the most attractive pieces of artwork done
at the Fair, and calls forth more praise from
visitors than anything else in the same line of
decoration. In the Iowa building is some
panel work that requires the closest inspection
in order to convince one that it is not done in
FOREIGN EXHIBITS IN THE AGRI¬
CULTURAL DEPARTMENT.
The active part taken by foreign countries in
the ^yorld’s Fair is seen to a large degree in
the Agricultural building. Here may be found
exhibits from countries that do not have a
showdng of any kind in the other departments
of the Fair. This is true of quite a numl)er of
smaller countries of South America and Africa,
including British Guiana, Colombia, Trinidad,
Venezuela, Paraguay and several other South
American states, and Cape Colony. South Africa.
Of the European countries Great Britain,
France, Spain, Portugal, Russia and Germany
take the lead, each state making an extensive
exhibit. New South Wales is prominent in this
department for her exhibit of the wool industry
of that section, making by far the largest and
finest display of this product at the Fair. Japan
in the Forestry building of the d*tferent varie¬
ties of woods to be found in all parts of the
world. As almost everything that enters into
the house in the way of furniture is made from
the woods of some ])art of tlu' world, this exhibit
IS the more attractive. To nauu' the great
variety of woods shown would be impossible
without making an extensive and elaborate ar¬
ticle, but at least a half a day should be sj)ent
in this building by all who visit the Fair.
FARM MACHINERY EXHIBIT.
The display of farm maehim'ry in the aiuiex
to the Agricultural building is the largest and
of a greater variety than any other class of ex¬
hibits at the Fair. Almost the entire exhibit
is made by American inventors, and the ditVer-
ent machines used for farm work fill almost the
entire annex. In the display of reapers and
PHOTOGRAPH OF HORSE REPRODUCED IN GRAINS IN THE MISSOURI PAVILION, AGRICULTURAL BUILDING.
oils, or that it is not the product of the brush
or pencil, so perfect is the colors blended.
In the Agricultural building there are any
number of pieces of work done in grains and
grasses that are marvels of architecture and
show artistic ability of the highest order on the
part of the artist. The figure of a woman in
the North Dakota pavilion, that of a horse in
the Missouri, and many other jiieces and de¬
signs are among the most attractive things to
be seen in tlie building.
The possibilities of the grains and grasses as
materials for decorative purposes seem to be
infinite in number, the different colors making
harmony possible. The greatest article for
this class of work is corn. This great American
product offers possibilities in the architectural
line that none of the others can, owing to the
ability to use it in the ear.
has a fine showing in the west end of the build¬
ing in which her silk industry is given promi¬
nence. The cases filled with silk cocoons form
a very interesting feature of the exhibit.
Canada occupies a conspicuous place on the
main aisle near the east end of the building in
which she has an exhibit of her products that
challenge competition. Throughout the entire
building, both on the main floor and in the
galleries, foreign countries have displays in all
branches pertaining to the products of the soil,
all helihng to complete the world’s showing of
what tillers of Mother Earth can produce by
cultivation.
IN THE FORESTRY DISPLAY.
Visitors at the Exposition find one of the
most interesting exhibits in the display made
harvesters as well as mowers, tlu' McCormick,
Deering, WckhI and Cham])ion take tiie lead.
The exhibit of plows and cuKivalors incliuh s
everything that can in any way be utilized for
tilling the soil and saving labor for the farmer.
Several different inventions for road-making
are shown which has and will revolutionize this
class of work. In threshing machiin's tlu' J. I.
Case, the Aultman, tlie Minnea])olis thresher
and half a dozen other makes are shown, each
having superior (|ualiti<'S of its own.
Ditb'rent kinds of ])umi)S and apparatus for
wells are displayeti in gri'at varieti('s. from the
old-time chain-pun\]) to the lat(*r-day force
pum[)S. The whole annex is filled with a])i)li-
ajicc'S that save tin' faianer much of tlie labor
he fornu'i'ly was com])ell('d to ('X('rt in order
that he might 1)(' abh' to ])rop(‘ily cultivate
the land and harvest his crops.
<'AMI'l!Kl.i;s SM.rsTRATKI) IIISTORV OP’’ THE AVORLD'S (’OHl'MBIAX EXROSITIOX.
A NIGHT AT THE EXPOSITION
July 4th, 1893, was uuu of the many red-letter
days at the Expositou, with nearly thiH'e linn-
dred tlionsand })eo}d(' in attcmdaiiee, and it was a
tittino; eehdjraticjn of the Nation’s Independ¬
ence.
While the sun with its lieat and brilliancy
was disappearing in the west, the chime of bells
on IVlachinery Hall was entertaining: the im¬
mense concourse of ])eople with soot lung music,
wl’en suddenly tln^ dome of Administration
building is in a dootl of light from thousands
of electric burners, (piickly followed by the
lighting up of the surrounding buildings and
tion, adding brilliancy and variety to the pic¬
ture. Very soon the gorgeous display of fire¬
works commences on the Lake Front and con¬
tinues for .an hour with brilliant surprises
sufficent to last a life time. Who could tell the
story of enchantment that meets the eye in
every direction ?
Imagine the “hre-tlies” in a mid-summer
night, as they pass and repass in all directions,
showing their flickering light; increase the
number a thousand times and you would not
have the brightness of a single electric burner,
hundreds of whicli are around and about you
on every hand. Think of Aladdin with his
wonderful lamps and recall the story of the
repassing crowds, as they hurry from cne place
to another, as though afraid of missing a single
one of the many attractive pieces.
Walk to Wooded Island and secure a glimpse
of Fairy Land outdone; see everywhere among
the trees, bushes and along the walks, Chinese
lanterns, in all shapes and colors, with the small
jack lanterns, arranged in countless numbers
slong the edge of the Island and in the shadows
of the underbrush.
“The fragrance of fair garden stole
Through silent spaces dusky,
Detective tire-flies flashed patrol
Down many path ways musky.”
Watch the launches, as they pass in all
PIIOTOGRAPil OF Til
L MISSOURI PAVILION IN THE AGRICULTURAL BUILDING, WORLD’S
FAIR
the Court of Honor.
Presmitly the electric fountains began to play
and colored streams of water in artistic conilh-
nations of beauty, were forced into view to re¬
turn again and make ghul the tish of our inland
sea.
Tlu' lagoons and grand basin were lined with
[H)ints of light, whih^ the electric launches and
Venetian gondolas glide swiftly around in every
direction, filled with happy people who are en¬
tranced wdth the beauty of the scene. Enor¬
mous search lights, vieing with the orbs of the
heavens, at short intervals peer in every direc-
wonders he saw, then gaze again at the almost
heavenly vision that is being photographed on
your mind through the medium of your owm
stereoscopic eyes.
See those bursting bombs of colored lights,
high up in the air and gently descending in
showers of gold, blue, crimson and yellow.
Look at those immense rockets of blazing fire
and burning fuse.
A\ alk east to the lake and admire the long
row of colored lights and torches, that seemed
to be burning on the surface of the water in all
colors of the rainbow j watch the passing and
directions, with their decorations of colored
lights and freighted with hai^iTy sifirits who
are not dreaming, but alive to the matchless
beauty on every hand.
Combine all the adjectives in the English
language that express beauty, loveliness, grace
and i)erfection, even then you will fail to de¬
scribe a gala night at the Exposition, when in
the zenith of its glory
“Jeweled with ivory paiaces like these;
By day a miracle, a dream by night;
Yet real as beauty is, and as the seas.
Whose waves glance back keen lines of glittering light.”
(:A3IP?»ELI;S TPLUSTHATET) HISTOKV of the WOKED'S (M)LI MIUAN expositiox.
^) Z i
ST. LOUIS BRIDGE REPRODUCED FROM SUGAR CANE,
MISSOURI EXHIBIT IN AGRICULTURAL DEI’ARTMENT, WOBIJrS FAIR.
EXHIBIT OF MISSOURI IN THE AGRICULTURAL
DEPARTMENT AT THE WORLD’S FAIR.
(^\Airi’>EM;S ILLKSTHATEl) lUSTOTIY OF THE WORLD'S (MILEMIDAN EXPOSITION.
as a writer on several different daily newspapers.
HON. JAMES M. WELLS.
James M. Wells, the Executive Commissioner
I'or Idaho, was born in Erir County, state of
From Mississippi, in 1877, the subject of this
sketch moved to Washin^^ton, D. C., where he
tilled important p<jsitions in the War Depart¬
ment and United States Treasury, under Secre.
taries AlcCreary, Sherman and Windom In
1884, being broken in health from disease con¬
tracted while a prisoner of war, he immigrated to
Idaho and settled on a ranch where he still lives.
Air. AVells was a member of the first legisla¬
ture of Idaho, where he served in the State
Senate with lionor and distinction. He was
strcjiigly urged to become a candidate for gov¬
ernor on the Republican ticket at the coming
electi(m, but declined the nomination, prefering
to carry out the work so favorably begun.
Being the only Commissioner for Idaho, and
with Alliene Case, Secretary, constituting its en¬
tire State Board, Ix'ginning the work nearly a
year behind every other state in the Union,
Commissioner Wells has labored hard and
earnestly to bring the “Gem of the Alountains”
to the front in this great work, and his efforts
are being crowned with success.
COL. JOHN E. STEARNS.
NATIONAL COMxMISSIONEE FOR IDAHO.
John E. Stearns was born in Chicago in 1851.
He has made the West his home for the last
twenty years, four of which he has spent in
Idaho. Air. Stearns is a Democrat and an ar¬
dent admirer of Cleveland. He is at present
President of the Nampa Board of Trade, Presi¬
dent of the Nampa Times Publishing Company,
and is engaged in the double capacity of merch¬
ant and dealer in heavy hardware and agricul¬
ture implements. Although a busy man, he
tloes not forget his duty as a World's Fair Com¬
missioner and leaves nothing undone to prom¬
ulgate the interests to have his state well repre¬
sented at the great Fair.
A life-sized figure of an elephant chiseled
out of a block of solid stone will be on exhibi¬
tion at Chicago from Indiana.
HON. JA.MES AI. WELLS,
EXECUTIVE COMMISSIONER FOR IDAHO.
New York, but moved to Alichigan with his
parents at the early age of two years, where he
was raised on a farm and educated in the com¬
mon schools. Seized with the spirit of advent¬
ure he left school and crossed tlie plains in 1880,
remaining at Virginia City, Nevada, something
more than a year. On the 11th day of August,
1801, he sailed for his home in Alichigan, where
in December of that year he enlisted as a private
soldieT in the Eighth regiment of the Alichigan
cavalry. He participated in the celebrated
Atorgan raid through the states of Kentucky,
Indiana and Ohio, being present at the caiiture
of that noted rebel chieftain. He was also with
his regiment through the camiiaigns of East
Tennessee, Atlanta and Nashville, and was pro¬
moted meantime to the rank of Captain. Capt.
Wells was twice a prisoner of war, and was en¬
tertained in three southern prisons. He was
one of the party to pass through the historic
tunnel at Libby Prison, Richmond, Va., and
was among the forty-eight prisoners who made
good their escape at that time. Returning to
his regiment he was again captured near Athens,
Ga., in August, 18(>4, on the celebrated raid led
by General Stoneman, for the purpose of releas¬
ing the federal prisoners at Alacon and Ander¬
son ville. In (‘oimnon with many other officers
of this command Capt. Wells was placed under
fire of the federal batteries at Charleston, B. C.
Fh-om Charleston he was exchanged and mus¬
tered out at Pulaski, Tenn., July, 1805. In 1868
he immigrated to Alississippi, receiving an ap¬
pointment by the general government in the In¬
ternal Revenue service, and subsequently served
COL. JOHN E. STEARNS,
NATIONAL COMMISSIONER FOR IDAHO.
IDAHO STATE BUILDING AT THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
^ PERPETIUTY OF THE EXPOSITION.
__
S It is only at rare intervals that we have
^ sufficient data to, with any degree of accuracy,
estimate what the real progress of the world is.
In every workshop, laboratory, private house,
store and factory, the minds of men and women
are activeiy planning some improvement that
will reduce to a minimum the work, toil and
drudgery of life and increase in every way the
pleasures of living.
The masses of our people only have a realiz¬
ing sense of the improvements that are being
made, when they are occasionally called to wit¬
ness some great exhibition of the skill and
cunning of man, as shown in the product of their
handiwork.
In the regular order of nature, a laerson can
only live a moment at a time, but when called
upon to visit such a magnificent display of the
accomplishments of man, as were to be found in
such a profusion at the Columbian Exposition,
we unconsciously assimilate the life of a great
many men, as they labored to perfect the models,
machines and manufactured articles that have
added so much to the progressive civilization of
the day.
Columns, pages or volumes, might be written
about the improved machinery and the detail
as to quality and usefulness of new inventions,
but it is only when they are seen by the peox^le
that the real educational jjrocess commences.
Thedescrix)tive i)owers of some writers, sujq^le-
mented by attractive and accurate tyx)ographical
books, panq)hlets or x)a]pers, form our x)rincix)al
means for culture, but the eyes of every xDerson
are their own best means of carrying imj^res-
sions to the mind, from the objective realities
they see and hence it is, that the Columbian
Exposition will be remembered as the most im¬
portant educational institution ever knewn, be¬
cause it contained in greater variety, perfection
and accuracy the results of the world’s most
acconqjlished artists, artisans, and mechanics.
It would be imx)ossible to say just how many
jjeox^le • there are in the world, because a com-
l)lete census has never been taken; but this we
know that in the economy of nature no two
X^ersons think just alike, and hence it is that the
progress of the world must show conq^arative
X)rogress in every line of thouglit, and this fact
was fully demonstrated at the great Exx)osition,
which will live in song and story as long as men
live or books are written. The xu’esent x^arfec-
tion of copper-x^late engraving from sun x)ictures
has preserved the White City and its exhibits.
(!AMPb?:li;s illi:stkatei) history of the world's colu.mbiax exposition.
r))io
IDAHO AT THE EXPOSITION.
The nienibers of the Idaho State Board of
C )nnnis.sioiiers were James M. Wells, execu¬
tive commissioner; Alliene Case, a.ssistant com¬
missioner; C. M. Sain, secretary; and about
titty other ladies and gentlemen from different
parts of the state.
National Board Lady Managers: Airs. Anna
E. M, Farnum, Mrs. J. 0. Straughan; alternates:
Mrs. Louise L. Barton, Mrs. Ella R. Aliller.
National Commission: George A. Alanning,
John E. Stearns; alternates: A. J. Crook,
John M. Burke.
The state appropriation was $50,000. The
building cost $28,000; Aliiieral exhibit, $41,000;
Horticultural ('xliibit, b.OOO; Forestry exhil)it,
$500; Educational exhibit, $000; Floral exhibit,
$000; Scenic exhibit, $1,200.
metaliferous rock and the* andirons, door latches
etc., were made in imitation of miner s tools.
The men's reception room 27x48 feet, in style of
a hunter's and trapper s cabin, lire place made
of Idaho lava, andirons of bear traps and tish
spears, and other hardware representing Indian
weapons, arrows, etc. The entire third floor,
was one large hall for special receptions.
The Agricultural exhibit which was prepared
by Idaho, was unfortunately burnt in transit.
In Horticultural huilding, were 126 exhibiters
showing grapes, prunes, peaches, pears, plums,
nuts and vegetables.
In Alining building were 282 exhibiters show¬
ing, iron ore, pyrites, gold and silver ore, galena,
gold quartz, amethysts, lead ore, petrified wood,
magnesian rock, garnets, sulphurets, granite,
marble, jasper, alabaster, pumice stone, mica,
lime, asphaltum, alum, copper, tin ore.
icos on four sides of the building; the west or
front side was semi-circular in plan, with arohed
openings between the Ionic pilasters, the latter
being of full height of the two stories.
The north and south porches had four fluted
Ionic columns, each extending the full height
of two stories. The columns were surmounted
by an enriched Ionic entablature with decorated
moldings, inodillions and dentils; above the
entablature the building was finished with a
balnstrade surrounding tlie four sides of the
roof, with ornamental urns over each pedestal in
the balustrade. The building was two stories
high occupied a ground space of 32x59 feet,
and constructed with wood and staff in imita¬
tion of granite.
Entrance to the building from all sides was
through French windows opening to the floor.
The main hall was 18x25 feet, parlors and offices
RHODF. ISLANITS STATF BUILDING AT THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
Idaho state building was a three story log
cabin, in the Swiss style of architecture, with
roof extending ten feetbeyond the building line.
All material used in the construction was
brought from the state; tlie foundation was of
basaltic rock and lava, but the main part of the
building was of stripped cedar logs, stained to
the appearance of weather-beaten age. The
g('nerous supply of wide balconies was very
enjoyable. The chimneys were large, roughly
stuccoed to imitate in appearance those of real
pioneer days. The area occupied was 70x90 feet;
on the first floor was a large hall, having stone
fire place and log mantel, office, sleeping apart¬
ments and toilet rooms.
On the second floor was the women's recep¬
tion room 24x48 feet in size, representing a
miner’s cabin, the fireplace of which was made of
RHODE ISLAND AT THE EXPOSITION.
The members of the Rhode Island State board
of commissioners were: E. Benjamin Andrews,
l)resident; Arthur H. Watson, vice president;
Charlotte F. Daily, secretary and treasurer; John
C. Wyman, executive commissioner; John P.
Sandborn, Hiram Howard, Walter A. Peck,
Alarsden J. Perry, Daniel B. Pond, Richard
Thornley.
National Board Lady Alanagers: Airs. Amey
AI. Starkweather, Aliss Charlotte F. Dailey;
alternates: Airs. Geo, A. Alumford, Aliss Loraine
P. Bucklin.
National commission: L. B. Goff. G.C. Simms;
alternates: Jeffrey Hazartl, Lorillard Spencer.
The Rhode Island building was built in
Greek style of archilecture with columnar port-
were conveniently arranged. An appropriate
room was assigned for the use of the Governor
of the state. xAll floors were in hard wood and
the interiors furnished in cypress.
The state appropriation was $50,000, of which
$ll]000, was expended on the building. In the
Fisheries department the state made a tine dis¬
play of one of its principal iiulustries, expend-
$4,000 on the exhibit, which consisted of canned
and smoked fish and fishing tackle.
The eduational exhibit made in the Libei’Ml
Arts department covered the whole ran.ge of
educational institutions and work in the state.
It cost $5,000 to collect, install and maintain
this exhibit.
The state was also rei)resented by individual
exhibiters in nearly every tlepartment at the
Exposition.
581
CAMPBELL’S ILLUSTEATED HISTOEY OF THE WOELirS COLILMBIAX EXPOSITION.
COLORADO AT THE EXPOSITION.
The Colorado building' was erected at a cost
of $82,000 arid was in Spanish renaissance style
of architecture. It was an imposing structure
with its two towers each 98 feet high. The
skeleton of the building was made of wood and
this was entirely covered with “staff” or plaster,
in special designs suitable for such a structure,
tinted ivory color, which assisted in bringing
out to perfection the profuse ornamentation.
The roofs of building and towers were covered
with red Spanish tiles, which in a bright day
gave a strong contrast with the light color of
the building.
Including the end porticos the building was
125 feet long with a depth of 45 feet and 26 feet
to the cornice line. The fi'ont vestibule opened
to the main hall and on either side were stair¬
ways leading to the floor above.
Commissioners were: Governor Davis H.
Waite, of Aspen, presideid; A. B. McKinley,
of Denver, vice president; O. C. French, of
Denver, secretary; Joseph A. Thatcher, of
Pueblo, treasurer; B. S. LaGrange, of Greely,
Frederick Steinhauer, of Denver,Natlian B.Coy,
of Denver, R. E. Goodell, of Leadville, Joseph
H. Smith, of Denver, H. B, Gillespie, of Aspen,
W. S. Coburn, of Paoina.
Messrs. O. C. French, J. H. Smith, R. E.
Goodell, and H. B. Gillespie were also members
of the National commission. The Board of
Lady Managers were Mrs. L. P. Coleman, Buena
Vista, Mrs. M. D. Thatcher, Pueblo; Alternates,
Mrs.Wm. Patrick, Leadville, Mrs. Susan R. Ash¬
ley, Denver.
The state appropriation was $132,000, a por¬
tion of which was si^ecially assigned for the
following exhibits: Agricultural, $15,500, Min¬
ing, $20,000, Horticultural, $16,500, Forestry,
occupied a prominent position.
Being essentially a mining state one of tlie
finest exhibits made in the Mines and Alining
department was made by Colorado. In the
west gallery of this building was the celebrated
“Silver Queen” as representative of the great
industry and product of the state.
The exhibit of gold and silver ores and quartz
was among the largest from any of the mining
states, but it took the lead in displaying its
silver product. The chief of this division
Frederick J. V. Skiff, being a Colorado man,
the state took pride in making one of its great¬
est display’s in the department.
In the Anthro])ological building her collect¬
ion of relics and anti(|uities were the most
interesting and rare. Her forestry display con¬
tained woods useful for ornamentation and
general building.
The State’s exhibit, taken as a whole, was one
COLORADO STATE BUILDING AT THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
At the rear of the hall was a large onyx
mantel and on either side of the hall were glass
doors leading to ladies’ reception room, gentle¬
men’s STUoking-room and offices, each opening
into an uncovered terrace, surrounded by a
balustrade. The assembly room was on the
second floor extending the entire length of the
building, had a high vaulted ceiling with an
ornamental cornice.
At the ends of the assembly rooms were read¬
ing and writing rooms and all supiJied with
electric lights, the hanging balconies from these
rooms were attractive exterior features.
Both the front and rear balconies of the
building were enjoyed by all visitors, as well as
the view from the towers which could be reached
by convenient staircases.
The members of die Colorado state Board of
$2,500, Anthropological,9,500, Vv oman s, $10,0'30,
miscellaneous, $5,000. In all of these depart¬
ments very creditable displays were made.
Colorado not only made an exhaustive exhibit
in her own state building, but was represented
in almost every department at the Exposition.
Her display of friuts, fresh, dried and canned,
formed one of the most attractive displays in the
Horticultural department. There was also a
fine display of fruit trees and nursery stock in
the nursery exhibit.
In the agricultural deiiartment the exhibits
from the state occupied four groups and 176
classes, including exhaustless displays of all
kinds of grains and grasses, the state coinmi.ssion
alone making an exhibit of grasses containing
sixty varieties and tweidy varieties of forage
iJants. Broom corn, sugar cane and flax also
of great merit, and was a surprise to those who
considered it devoted entirely to the mitung in
dustry, and showed that in agriculture and
horticulture she could rank with many of her
neighbors, whose prairies were much more fertile
and broader than hers.
In the old time maps what is now the wealthy
state of Cohu'ado ■was part of the “Great Ameri¬
can Desert” supposed to be inhabited only by
wild Indians. The state is in form a perfect
parallelogram and is the only state in the
union with lines so defined.
The mineral wealth of Colorado is inexhaust-
able and the scenery is grand beyond descrip¬
tion, as the main range of the Rocky Mountains
traverse the state frcjm north t( south.
The state contains 103,477 square miles of
territDry or 56,205,875 acres.
82
CA^IPHKLL’S ILLUSTRATED HLSTORA^ OF THE WORLD’S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
WEST VIRGINIA AT THE EXPOSITION.
The state building was attractive, coiiiiiiodi-
ous and home like, havinj^ lar<>e porches, com¬
fortable louiigiiijj; seats, in represtmiatioii of a
well-to-do West Virginia residence.
The reception halls, parlors and committee
rooms were finished in hard wood; the walls
were plastered and ceilings were ornamental iron
work. Every exposed part of the building was
consfriictf'd of state ])r()dncts.
In ba.s-relief, the coat of mans, was })laced
over the entranc(\ Four large fire-])laces were
adorned with haiidsome cai’ved wood mantels.
The building occn[)i('d ground space 58x128 feet.
The state a])proi)riation was SdO.OOO. The
building cost $22,000; the Agricultural exhibit.
Members of the State Board of Commissioners
were; W. N Chancellor, president; 31. C. 31clva},
secretary; George 31. Bowers, treasurer; R. S.
Carr, John S. Naylor, Sidney Haymond.
National Board Lady 3Ianagers: 3Irs. V . N.
Lincl], 31iss Lily I. Jackson; alternates: 3Irs.
G. W. Z. Black, Miss Annie 31. 3Iahan.
National Commission: James D. Butt, I. W^.
St. Clair; alternates; John Corcoran, Wellington
Vrooman.
3I()NTANA AT THE EXPOSITION.
Montana appropriated $100,000 for the exhibit
at the World’s Fair. The state building cost
$19,200. It was one story in height, and hav¬
ing a wide gallery extending around the main
mental stone. The silver statute of Justice
containing over $50,000 worth of solid silver
was one of the most attractive features of this
exhibit. There were also gold nuggets valued
$40,000 and silver bricks worth $14,500.
In the xVgricultural department the state ex¬
pended $5,500, in erecting a handsome pavilion
and tilling it with a collection of agricultural
products that rivalled any state at the Fair.
Although practically out of the fruit belt,
with the exception of the more hardj varieties
she spent 81.300 in making a very creditable
exhibit of her horticultural products in the
Horticultural department.
Over $200 was spent in making an exhibit of
its wool and sheep industry, and in the Liberal
Arts department $2,000 was expended on an
WEST
VIRGINIA STATE BUILDING AT THE WORLD'S COLUiVIBIAN EXPOSITION.
$3,150. In the Alining department she was rei>-
resented by 251 exhiljiters showing: iron ores,
coal, coke, oil, asphaltum, brownstone, lime¬
stone, sandstone, marble, granite, grindstone,
clay, fire brick, lime, copper ores and mineral
waters. To erect the i)avilion and make this
exhibit, $4,000 was expended.
In Forestry building was shown hardwood
logs, planks and saplings, spruce and hemlock,
laths and shingles, panel veneers, brush and
imirlement handles, taidrark and commercial
woods of the state. The collection arrangement
and care of this exhilrit cost $3,500. Two
thousand and two hundred dollars was expended
on educational exhibit in the Liberal Arts de¬
partment.
hall, was in every way suitable for displaying the
state exhibits. The ground space occupied was
02x112 feet, built of wood, covered with staff,
having a tin and canvass roof with glass dome
for light, the vestibule had a marble floor, with
ceiling paneled iir staff. The building was con¬
veniently arranged with reception parlor's,
banquet hall and offices, fundshed in Georgia
pine, nicely tinted.
The states’ mineral resources received the
greatest attention, $15,500 being expended in
making the exhibit. There were 538 exhibiters
in this department. an:l the display led with
gold and silver, as its most prominent mineral
product. Coirper. iron, tirr and lead found a
place, also a fine showing of building and orna-
ed uca t iona 1 exh i bi t .
The members of the Alc^ntana State Bear'd
of Commissioners were Stephan DeWolfe,
president; Allen R. Joy, vice president; Janies
G. Ramsey, secretary; David G. Br'own,tr'eas-
irrer; W, 31. Bickford, executive comnrissioner;
Phil Lovell, Herbert O. Chowen, C. R. Aliddle-
ton, Alf. J, Stephens, Wtn. 31. Nevitt, Thomas
Joyes, A. J, Davidson, D. A. Pease, Wrn. H.
Sutherlirr, George 31. Hayes, George W. Alorse.
National Boai'd Lady Alanagers: Mrs. Clara
L. AIcAdow, Airs. J. E. Rickards; alternates:
Airs. 31. D. C(rop er. Airs. L. E. Howey.
National Commission; L. H. Hershfield, Dr-
A. H. Alitchell; alternates: B. F. AVhite, T. E.
Collins,
MONTANA'S STATISTICAL PYRAMID IN AIJRICCLTURAL LXHIRIT
INTRRIOR VIKW OP MONTANA'S PAVILION IN AORICULTURAL RUILDINO.
SIlVEf SIMTHS
TNESOLO
MFRMOD b JaOCAPD
CHIC(5G(»,
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i
f
IHHHI
I f
[ i .
PHOTOGRAPH OF THE INTERIOR
OF MANUFACTI:RE8 building, looking WEST, SHOWING THi
GREAT IRON GATES IN THE GERMAN EXHIBIT
iT
zc
v:
INTERIOR YIE^Y OF MANUFACTURES BUILDING, LOOKING NORTH FROM GALLERY, SHO^YING THE RUSSIAN. DENMARK, CANADA AND FRENCH SECTIONS.
(;a>iim{eli;s illustrated historv of the woRLirs columriax exposition.
A MECHANICAL WONDER.
“Have you taken a ride on the Ferris Wheel?’’ This
question is asked many thousand times a day by many
thousands of people who visit the World’s Fair. It has
become the general impression of everyliody who at¬
tends the Fair that a visitor who does not take a ride
on the h'erris Wheel has missed one of the greatest
op])ortunities of his life. One of the first questions
asked by the great multitude that daily gather around
this wonderful piece of mechanism, and admire its
beauty, immensity, and the ease and smoothness with
which it revolves, is who is the man that invented
this wonder of the nineteenth century, by the side
of which the Eiffel Tower pales into insigniticance. We
will endeavor to
answer that ques¬
tion by giving a
brief sketch of the
life of the inventor,
Mr. Oeorge Wash¬
ington Gale Ferris.
Mr. Ferris was
born at Galesburg,
Illinois, February
14, 1859. He was
educated at the
CahforniaMilitary
A c a d e m y, Oak¬
land, Cal., where
he graduated as a
Captain, after¬
wards entering
Rensselaer Poly¬
technic Institute,
Troy, N. Y., where
he graduated in
1881, having pur¬
sued entirely an
engineering course
and obtaining the
degree of C. E.
After graduating
from Troy Poly¬
technic, he spent
some time in New
York city as assist¬
ant engineer, doing
office work in con¬
nection with the
])roposed raib’oad
from Cincinnati to
Paltimore. He was
afterwards assist¬
ant chief engineer
in charge of loca¬
tion of the above
road, beginning
work at Charles¬
ton, VV’. Va.. and
following the line
up the Elk river
and over the Al¬
legheny M o u n -
tains.
Early in 188,3 Mr.
P’orris took a po¬
sition with the
Louisville Bridge
and Iron Co., of
Louisville, Ky.,
where he remained
until the construc¬
tion of the Hender¬
son Bridge across
the Ohio river at
Henderson, Ky.,
was begun, when
he was api)ointed
assistant engin¬
eer, having sui)er-
vision of the sink
ing and concreting
of the i)neumatic
caissons under
that bridge. Since
that time Mr. Fer¬
ris has been active¬
ly engaged in the
construction of
great bridges in all
sections of the
country. In 188il
he established the
metallurgical firm
in Pittsburg, under
the name of G. W.
G. Ferris & Co.,
which has been
very successful.
In 1888 he estab¬
lished, in connec¬
tion with the Metallurgical Institute, a branch known
as Ferris, Kaufman & Co. This firm has also been very
successful.
When work was begun on the World's Fair, the ques¬
tion of constructing something to represent American
engineering came up. Mr. Ferris at once began i)lan-
ning the mechanical wonder now to be seen on Mid¬
way Plaisance. The history of his labor, discourage¬
ments, disappointments and final success would till vol¬
umes. Sufficient to say that he did not obtain the conces-
sio 2 i from the Exposition officials until December, 28,
1892. With indomitable will, perseverance and energy,
the great structure was completed and ready for busi¬
ness in less than six months from that time, the inau¬
guration ceremonies taking place June 21, 1893.
The wheel is composed of two wheels of the same
size, connected and held together with rods, and struts,
which, however, do not approach closer than twenty
feet to the periphery. Each wheel has for its outline a
curved, hollow, square iron beam, 2534 x 19 inches. _ ^Yt
a distance of 40 feet within this circle is another circle
of a lighter beam. These beams are called crowns, and
are connected and held together by an elaborate truss-
work. Within this smaller circle there are no beams,
and at a distance there appears to be nothing. But at
the center of the great wheel is an immense ii'on axle,
.32 inches thick and 45 feet in length. Each of the twin
wheels, whei-e the axle passes through it, is provided
with a large iron hub, 16 feet in diameter. Between
these hubs and the inner “crowns” there are no con¬
nections except spoke rods, 234 inches in diameter,
arranged in pairs, 13 feet apart at the crown connection.
At a distance they look like mere spider webs, and the
wheel seems to be dangerously devoid of substantial
support.
The explanation of this is that the Fei-ris Wheel—at
least inside the smaller crowuis—is constituted on the
principle of a bicycle wheel. The lower half is sus¬
pended from the axle by the spoke rods running down¬
ward. and the upper half of the wheel is sui)ported by
the lower half. All the spoke rods running from the
axle north, when it is in any given position, might be
removed, and the wheel would be as solid as it would
be with them. The only difference is that the Perris
Wheel hangs by its axle, while a bicycle wheel rests on
the ground, and the weight is applied downward on
the axle.
The thirty-six carriages of the great wheel are hung
on its periphery at equal intervals. Each car is
twenty-seven feet long, thirteen feet wide, and nine
feet high. It has a heavy frame of iron, but is covered
externally with wmod. It has a door and five broad
plate glass windows on each side. It contains forty
revolving chairs, made of wire and screwed to the floor
The wheel, with its cars and passengers, weighs
about 1,200 tons, and therefore needs something sub¬
stantial to hold it up. Its axis is supported, therefore
on two skeleton iron towers, pyramidal in form, one at
each end of it. They are 40 x 50 feet at the bottom and
6 feet square at top, and about 140 feet high, the side
next to the wheel
being perpendicu¬
lar, and the other
sides slanting.
Each tower has
four great feet, and
each foot rests on
an underground
foundation 20x20x
20 feet. Cross bars
of steel are laid at
the bottom of the
concrete, and the
feet of the tower
are connected with
and bolted to them
with iron rods.
Thesuccessof the
wheel was demon¬
strated from the
very start. The
day following the
opening ceremon¬
ies it carried 8,000
people, and this
average was kept
up steadily until
the middle of July
when it showed a
marked increase,
and through Au¬
gust the receipts
have been much
larger. Those who
go up in the wheel,
paying their fifty
cents, come down
declaring that they
would not take ten
dollars for their
experience, and go
away to their
friends inducing
them to pay a visit,
and all become, af¬
ter their ride a
walking advertise¬
ment of the wheel.
The World’s Fair
will undoubtedly
reap a very large
income from the
receipts of the
wheel, although
the concession in
one respect, was
very favorable to
the inventor, viz.
that the first cost
of the wheel should
be allowed to be
deducted first
from the gross re¬
ceipts, without any
tax whatever being
levied by the Ex¬
position company.
The first cost was
8325,000, which is
at this time entire¬
ly paid back to the
stockholders, and
a large re\^nue of
fifty per cent, of
the gross receipts
is now being paid
to theWorld’sFair.
A great many
people have re¬
frained from rid¬
ing on the wheel
out of a feeling of
timidity. That the
great structure is
absolutely safe
was demonstrated
during the severe
storm here in July, when the wind blew with a velocity
of over 100 miles an hour. At that time Mr. Ferris
rode to the highest jjart of the wdieel, while the wind
was blowing its fiercest. When he came to the earth
again he claimed that hardly a tremor of the wheel
was noticeable, although, of course, the car swayed
more or less on its jjinion.
It has been tested to its utmost capacity hundreds
of times, every car being filled to the limit. The great
engine and machinery that drives the wheel is perfect,
and should any accident ever occur to this engine, a
duplicate of it stands ready to take up the work at once^
At night it is made doubly attractive by thousands o”
electric lights that are arranged in and around the
wheel, making it look like two great circles of fire.
PHOTOGRAPH OP THE FERRIS WHEEL ON MIDWAY PLAISANCE AT THE WORLD'S FAIR.
CAMPr>ELi;s ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE WORIjrS (M)1A'HT»IAX EX1‘0S1TI(L\.
THE YERKES’ TELESCOPE.
An exhibit that attracts much attention
many comments
stands in the
north end of
tlie Manufac¬
tures building-.
Thousands of
visitors at the
Fair pass into
the building
every day, and
the first object
that greets them
is a square steel
column, rising
up from the
floor to a height
of about forty
feet. As their
eyes follow this
coin m 11 fro in
the bottom up
they behold a
mass of wheels,
having the ap¬
pearance of the
interior mech¬
anism of a clock.
Suspended o ii
an axis is a huge
tube, which
looks for all the
world like one
of the big can-
n o ns in the
G o vernm e n t
buildirg.
At last they
have found the
great K r u p p
gun they have
read s o m u c h
about. At least
that is wliat a
great many peo¬
ple at once ob¬
serve to them¬
selves or to their
friends. As they
move around in
order to get a
better view, they
suddenly come
across the fol¬
lowing inscrip¬
tion written on
one side of the
f r a 111 e - w o r k:
“The Yerkes’
Telescope, Pre¬
sented to the
Chicago Uni¬
versity by
Charles T. Yer¬
kes.”
This great re-
vealer of the so¬
lar system has a
double interest
for everybody,
from the fact
that it is the
largest telescope
in tlie world and
has been pre¬
sented to what
promises to be
the greatest uni¬
versity in this
country. The
column it rests
upon is forty-
three feet high
and weighs fifty
tons. The polar
axis of steel is
fifteen inches in
diameter and
weighs three
and one-half
tons, while the PHOTOGRAPH OP^
declination axis NO^\
also of steel, is twelve inches in diameter and driving clock, which moves the great tulie,
weighs one and one-half tons. The main driv- wi'ighs one and one-half tons. The object
and ing wheel is eight feet in diameter and the glass is forty inches in diameter, the largest
ever made, and
weighs, with the
cell,7o0 pounds.
The tube'is 64
feet in length
and 12 inches in
diameter. The
total weight of
the entire piece
of mechanism is
75 tons.
This telescope
i.s the gift of
Charles T. Yer¬
kes, of Chicago,
who is [)resident
of the North
and West Side
Street Railway
com])anies, to
tlu' University
of Chicago. At
tlu' close of the
Fair the instru-
nuMit will be re¬
moved to Lake
Gu'neva, Wis¬
consin, this lo¬
cation being de-
cidi'd U[)on from
the fact of it be¬
ing away from
the dust a n d
6 in o k e of t h e
c i t y, w h i c h
would h a V e
mad(' its use al¬
most impos¬
sible.
THE TELESCOPE PRESENTED TO CTITCAGO UNIVERSITY BY CHARLES T. YERKES.
IN MANUFACTURES BUILDING, WORLD’S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
TIT E SCHOOL
EX HI HIT.
In the west
and south gal¬
lery of the Man¬
ufactures build¬
ing can be found
t h e exhibit
nnule by tin' ed¬
ucational insti-
tutionsthrongh-
ont tin' country.
This (‘xhibit is
of gri'at interi'st
to all, ITom the
f a c t t h a t i t
shows, by prac¬
tical illustra¬
tion, the work
done by ditb'r-
ent schools, un¬
der dif f e ren t
plans of ednca-
lion. To those
int('n'st('d in t'd-
ucalional work
this ('xhibit will
be of invaluable
b e n e f i t, a n d
should be givt'ii
closi' insiH'ction,
as it will convi'y
new ideas to all.
The work is tak¬
en f r o m a 1 I
grades of schol¬
ars, the kinder¬
garten, [lulilic
s c h o o 1, ii 1 g li
school and col¬
leges contribut¬
ing to thei'xhib-
it. Drawingdis-
])lays o c c u p y
the greatest
amount of space
and some artis¬
tic work is
shown.
JAPAN AT THE EXPOSITION.
Japan was officially represented at the World’s
Columbian Exposition by the following gentle¬
men; H. E. Oozo Tateno, vice president of com¬
mission; Hon. S. Teoima, C. INlatsudaira, im¬
perial commissioners; M.Knrn. official arcliitect;
T. Echida, H. Ishiz iwa, K. Tawara. H. Akiy-
(Plioenix Temple), which was built over 800
years ago and is still standing at I ji. Japan.
This edifice was indeed three buildings con¬
nected by wide jiorches. The styles of archi¬
tecture common in Japan loO years, 400 years
and 800 years ago, were illustrated in the erec¬
tion of the Imilding. The roofs were covered
with sheet copper, and the walls and'ceilings
In the Manufactures department Japan built
a handsome pavilion in the north end of the
Iniilding, the style of architecture being entirely
Japanese. In this pavilion was the largest
number of exhibits made by any single country
in the department. The catalogue showed 2089
separate and distinct exhibits covering almost
the entire range of manufactured good. There
that showed the cunning of the Japanese artisan.
In Agricultural building were 479 exhibiters
making a display of rice, vermicelli, starch,
glucose, canned meat, teas, tobaccos, hemp,
silk cocoons, vegetable wax, etc.
In Horticultural building were 20 exhibiters
<)f wines, persimmons, chestnuts, trees, plants,
orchids, ornamental plants, seeds, mushrooms
HO-O-DEN (PHENIX TEMPLE) REPPvODUCED AT THE EXPOcsITION BY JAPAN.
PRESENTED TO JACKSON PARK AT CLOSE OF THE EXPOSITION.
ama, Y. Yambe, secretaries; H. Ehimamura, U.
Saito, K, Neiva, S. Nishemina, M. Taketo, K.
Watano, J. Takamine. R. Hayakawa, Mr.
Shioda, S. Okamotos councilors; S. Amoim, ex¬
aminer of art works.
The Japanese building, located on Wooded
Island, was modeled' after the Ho-o-deii
were elaborately painted by Japanese artists.
Japan occupied the front rank among the
foreign countries in their exhibit of artistic
work in several of the departments, especially in
the Manufactures and Liberal Arts departments,
and exepaisite silk embroidery designs and work¬
manship in the Fine Art department.
were vases in almost countless numbers and
sizes, at prices ranging up to a small fortune.
Porcelain ware, China, pottery, ivory and wood-
carvings occupied a conspicuous place in this list.
There were also silk and cotton fabrics in various
styles and grades, dye stuffs, paints, druggists’
supiilies and a thousand and one things
The famous dwarf trees were showm in this de¬
partment.
In Fisheries building were 72 exhibiters illus¬
trating in their collections the Jaiianesi' way of
tishing and the jiroducts from their labor, such
as edible substances prejiared from sea weed,
oysters, mussels, scolloiis, lobsters, ci'abs,
(;AMPBELI;S IEIXSTKATED history of the world's (’OLI’MIHAA exposition.
prawns, sardines, canned fish and fish oils.
In Art Gallery were 348 exhibiters of sculp¬
ture, carvin<>'s and paintings in oil, architectural
models and works of decorative art.
In Liberal xVrts department were bl ex-
hil)it(‘rs illustrating hygiene, surgical instru¬
ments, education, literature, civil engineering,
government, commerce, associations, music and
musical instruments.
In Woman's building were 76 exhibiters
showing a large numbi'r of useful, ornamental
and attractive articles made by Japanese
women.
In Mines and Mining building were 48 ex¬
hibiters with specimens of rocks, minerals,
fossils, soils, manganise, coal, marble, emery,
clays, tiles, sulphur, salt, copper, antimony, gold
and silver leaf, etc.
In Transportation department was a collec¬
tive exhibit of models, diagrams, charts, and
the garden and house were decorated with
Chinese lanterns, the whole making a very pictur¬
esque scene.
EXHIBIT FROM ALGIERS.
In the northeast section of the Agricultural
building Algiers occupied quite an area in mak¬
ing an extensix’e ('xhibit of the products of the
country. The booth was very tastily arranged.
A fountain rose up in the center of the exhibit.
The drapings of the pavilion were of silk work,
while the floor was covered with handmade rugs
and carpets.
The exhibit consisted of wines, coffee, grains,
woods and tinsel work. One large book con¬
tained samples of polished woods, which were
arranged as leaves, and made a very handsome
display. One cabinet contained some inlaid
work that was very fine. The display of dye-
the Manufactures building was reached. Here
they foniid thirteen acres in one space under
the galleries, with grt'at beams and joint's lorm-
inu obstructions to tlu' work and lu'cessarily
wearing out innumerable bruslu'S. It wasat this
time ulr. Milh't introduct'd tin' Elt'ctric Faint¬
ing machint' by which thrt'C nu'u could do the
work of twenty. This machine forced tlu' jiaint
through hv)St' sinnlar to thost' ust'd by tin' fire
department, working very rapitlly. It took tt'u
of these machines and thirty men only tt'ii tlays
to paint the surfact' under the galleries of the
building.
This experiment being so successful it was
decided to paint tin' whole intc'rior of the build¬
ing. To do this it reipiircd 600 barri'lsof whit¬
ing, but by the aid of the machines the work
took only about one-ti'uth as long as it would
by hand and at a much h'ss ex])('ns('. while the
work showed more uniformity in tin' distribu-
NIPPON TEA HOUSE, CONCESSION OF THE JAPANESE CENTRAL TEA ASSOCIATION AT THE EXPOSITION.
stuffs and drugs formed an attractive and in¬
modes of railways, vehicles, vessels and other
marine transportation facilities of Japan.
JAPANESE TEA HOUSE.
Bordering on the north lagoon and directly
opposite the Japanese building on Hooded
Island, was the Nippon Tea House. This was
a reproduction of a Japanese tea garden, such
as are in vogue in Japan, where the tired aiul
thirsty visitors could stop for a few moments
and rest while sipping the delicious beverage,
served by the natix^es of Japan as oidy they
know how to serve it.
This tea house or garden was an exhibit or a
conce.ssion granted to the Central Tea Associa¬
tion. The space occupied was fitted np after
the style prevalent in Jaiian, with bamboo tables,
settees and other furnishings. The house was a
fac-siniile of similar houses in Japan. At night
teresting exhibit.
DECORATION OF EXPOSITION BUILD¬
INGS.
The painting of the ma.ssive structures com¬
posing the array of Exposition buildings was a
task that called forth all the genius of the de-
Xiartment of Decoration with F. D. Millet at its
head. It was found in the start that there was
about 170 acres of surface to cover with paint
on all of the buildings. To provide the neces¬
sary material for the work Mr. Millet ordered
50,000 feet of rope, fifty-six swinging stages, 250
jacks, 500 step ladders, 5,0(X) feet of planking,
50,000 pounds of white lead, 5,000 gallons of oil
and 500 barrels of whiting.
The work, which required an army of men,
progressed very rapidly and satisfactorily until
tion of the colors. The introduction of tlu'se
machines at that lime was very ojiportune, form¬
ing as they did, an interi'sting exuibit.
A MINER'S CABIN.
In the exhibit maih' by Nt'w Ab'xico iu the
Mining building was a mi nt'r'scabin that at t I'actcd
much attention from visitors, d’lu' frame work
of the little structuri' was of wood, but the siding
and the roof were nuuh' ('iitirely of small stoiu',
laid one on the other without the use of mortar,
apparently. The cabin was about 8x12 fi'i't in
size, with a door and oiu' window.
Inside the cidiiii was a bunk, a rough piiu' or
oak table, t wo three-h'gged stools, a botth' for a
candle-stick and a lew advertising picturi's on
the walls for ornameutatiou. To all apjiear-
ances the little structure would lx* anqJe pro¬
tection against wind, weather and Indians.
CAMPBELL’S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE WORLD'S COLniBlAX EXPOSTTTOA,
YM)
JAPANESE ART EXHIBIT.
Althonf^h Japan occupies a relatively small
space in the Fine Arts building, compared to
some of the other countries, her exhibit is
one that attracts the visitor at all times. At
the entrance to her s(*ction in the west end of
the main building is seen a model of a j^agoda,
such as are used in that country as temples of
worshi[) and i;ecei)tacles for art relics. This
model is one-twenty-fifth the size of the origi¬
nal and the work was so complex and intricate
that it recpdred the labor of thirty-seven skilled
workmen for one year to comjjlete it. It iscon-
struct(‘d of keyaki, a wood peculiar to Japan,
which is very hard, with a tine grain, and which
will take a fine finish. The pagoda is in six
sections and is a wonderful piece of work.
tions of the life and habits of the wild animals
of the jungles of Africa and Asia. One group
represents an attack by two tigers on a rhinoc¬
eros. The latter beast has succeeded in throw¬
ing one of the tigers to the ground and is in the
act of goring it with his single tusk, while the
other tiger has leaped upon the back of the
rhinoceros and fastened his teeth in the tough
hide. The expression of ferociousness upon
the faces of all the animals is something ter¬
rible and causes a shudder to pass over the
visitor as he gazes at them, engaged in what
must be a mortal combat.
The second group represents a combat be¬
tween a lion and a crocodile, the expression of
each combatant showing that they realize it
is a fight to death. In the last group the
artist takes for his subject a tiger in the act of
seems as though they can almost hear the words
He uttered to that rabble of Pharisees, “Let
him that is without sin cast the first stone ”
and hear the pleadings of the poor outcast
whom they were determined to stone.
The group is by Prof. R. Bernardelle, of Rio
Janeiro, Brazil, who has a bust of Dorn Pedro
and other works in close proximity.
SWEDEN IN THE WOMAN’S BUILDING.
The exhibit from Sweden in the Woman’s
building is small but especially good and very
interesting. The work has been selected from
many samples and every piece exhibited is a
work of art.
Some especially fine lace is called the “ Wods-
tena,” pillow lace, being only made in that town.
ENTRANCE TO JAPANESE SECTION
FINE ARTS BUILDING, SHOWING PAGODA AND
EXHIBITS IN WOOD CARVING.
The display of art works in the different
rooms contains some of the most beautiful silk
embroidery work that has ever been produced
by any crmntry or people. The screens and
tajrestry work, as well as many scenes and
figures, are all done in silk, but to the ordinary
observer they have the appearance of having
been done in oil. The display of wood-carving
includes some very flue figures and scenes.
They have an exhibit in the gallery which also
contains many works of rare merit.
A TRIO OF ART.
Near the south entrance of the Fine Arts
gallery are three groups of statuary done in
plaster of Paris that are marvelous representa-
devouring a young deer. The ravenous nature
of the beast is portrayed in the expression of
its face as it tears the flesh of the deer.
A BEAUTIFUL GROUP.
In the main court at the west end of the Art
Gallery is a group done in marble which com¬
mands the attention of the visitor. It is called
Christ and the Adulteress.” and shows the
figure of the Divine One standing erect, with
one arm extended toward an invisible audience,
while the other is resting on the head of a
woman who is crouching at His side endeavor¬
ing to hide her face in the folds of His robe.
As one gazes at the noble face and notes the
commanding gesture of the uplifted arm, it
Many years ago the nuns living in a convent
near by taught the art to the neighboring wom¬
en and it has since become a sjjecial industry
of the town.
There are some excellent specimens of en¬
graving on gold goblets and copper embossing
on leather and etching on glass. One large goblet
contains a Swedish sentence which reads when
translated, “The participation of the Swedish
women in the World’s Exposition.” Hand-
painted china, some fine embroidery in gold
thread, a very unique specimen of woven cloth
made in the eleventh century, some very hand¬
some portieres and drapings, some carved chairs
and cabinets and an elaborate specimen of
drawn work and a piece of lace which took more
than 100 bobbins to form the design are seen*
CAMPBELL*8 TLLFSTRATED HISTORY OF THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
THE INDIAN BUFFALO HUNT.
So much is said of the poverty of American
art, of the absence even of an American expres¬
sion in art, that we believe our readers will find
it a relief to note in our pages a short descrip¬
tion of a work which could not have been pro¬
duced in any other country, or by a man not
fully imbued with the spirit of our own land.
No visitor to the Art Gallery of the World’s
Fair can pass without seeing the colossal group
of “ An Indian Buffalo Hunt,” which occupies
the post of honor among the American works
of sculpture, and having seen it he will pause
to look with satisfaction at this vivid represen¬
tation of a phase of life now almost extinguish-
animal. He is in close quarters and the terri¬
fied expression of his face and tail show plainly
that he understands his danger. The Indian,
earnest and calm, is drawing another shaft to
its head, and, with deliberate aim, is about to
send it to a fatal spot. At first each of the
three figures seem to claim one’s sympathy in
turn, but whichever one eventually gains the
heart, it seems to us that the mind must ever
remain captivated by the human being, who, in
spite of his savagery, shows his superiority to
the brute whom he has subdued, and the one
whom he will soon destroy.
Mr. Bush-Brown’s early artistic training
fitted him to take a position among the
leading sculptors of the day, and his de-
511
has scented the prey and come to claim his
share. The attitude of the two birds shows
defiance and determination. Sitting on a pro¬
jecting rock a few feet below is another vulture
as if waiting the outcome of the quarrel be¬
tween his mate and the eagle before he makes
any attempt to secure some of the booty. The
pose and execution of the figures are perfect
and they seem as things of life.
WASHINGTON AND LA FAYETTE IN
BRONZE.
At the south entrance to the Art Gallery
stands two heroic figures in In'onze that will be
at once recognized by every school boy and
i\ ■■ 1
ffeti
VIEW IN NORTH COURT OF FINE ARTS BUILDING, SHOWING THE GROUP OF STATUARY, “AN INDIAN BUFFALO HUNT.”
ed by the civilization of which this same Fair
is the most wonderful fruit.
Our illustration gives the motive and expres¬
sion of the group as well as a mere sketch can
represent a work of plastic art, but it cannot
impress our readers with the sense of intense
nervous energy pervading the horse and rider,
and the fierce struggle for existence felt in every
line of the buffalo.
Henry K. Bush-Brown, the artist, has chosen
an instant’s pause in a scene of intense action.
The buffalo, having been wounded by one arrow,
has turned on his pursuer, and with fire in his
eyes is about to gore the horse. The horse has
reared to avoid the onslaught of the fierce
votion to the work has brought him honor
and success.
A WORK IN BRONZE.
A bronze group of statuary standing in the
central court of the Fine Arts building attracts
much attention from visitors. The scene jior-
trayed shows the body of a bear hanging over
a cliff. The broken end of a spear passes
entirely through the body, evidently thrown by
some hunter.
Standing with one foot on the dead body of
the bear is a large eagle. With the other foot
he is attempting to push away a vulture, which
girl who has studied American history. The
figures are those of Washington and La Fayette,
each standing erect. The latter has graspi'd
the right hand of the former with his rigid,
while in his left he holds two Hags, presumably
those of France and America. Washington
holds his sword in his left hand and is looking
straight before him. The exi)r('ssion on the
faces of both the figures shows noble as})irations
aiid a patriotic devotion to their country, one
by birth and the other by ado])lion.
The figures are the work of F. Barb(‘(lienne,
of Paris, and shows both boot('d and spurrc'd, ns
if just going into an engagement or returning
from one.
542
CAMPIIEJ.L’S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE WORLD'S (MlLr:\rP.rAX EXPOSITION.
' 4 -«
^ 1
SECCION MEXICANA
EN EL DEPARTAMENTO DE MANUFACTURAS.
(EXHIBIT OF MEXICO IN MANUFACTURES DEPARTMENT.)
SECCION MEXICANA EN EL EUIFICIO DE MINAS.
(EXHIBIT OP MEXICO IN MINES AND MINING DEPARTMENT.)
SECCION MEXICAXA EN EL DEPAIITAMENTO DE FOKESTEKIA. (EXHIBIT OE MEXICO IN FORESTRY DEBAR'l'MEN'I’.)
■■
m
%
.'a
)
A
'*>
fe.
5 ^
n
■'
1
SECCION MEXICAXA PIN EL DEPARTAMENTO HE PIELPIS V CALZADOS. (EXHIBIT OF MEXICO IN SHOE AND'LEATHER DEPARTMENT.)
CA’\irP.KLi;s II/LUSTPATEI) HIST()K‘V OF TFIF WORLD'S COLUMBLVX EXPOSITIOX.
MEXICO AT THE EXPOSITION.
After the initiation of the idea tiiat the
United Stati's intended to celelirate the anni-
vensary of the discovery of America by an Inter¬
national Exposition, tin* [mi'pose was wt*ll cher¬
ished by the President of tlie licpnblic of ALex-
ico, who, desirous of tiu' exidtation of humanity
and as an incessant laborer in the iiro^ress of
his country, endeavored with ardent zeal to co¬
operate in such acts from which the culture of
the present a^e may derive some benefit, as also
to demonstrate that Alexico marclu's in the line
and more intimate, the abilities of the people of
the Alexican nation, its science, arts and its in¬
dustries, as well as the richness of its mines,
the fertility of its lands, the abundance of its
products and the diversity of everything that
Alexico possesses, were scarcely known to a
great portion of the people of the United States,
who by means of their wealth might easily en¬
rich said lands and contribute to the prosperity
of the country.
The World’s Columbian Exposition was to
afford Alexico the opportunity of coming for¬
ward, not only before the L'nited States, but all
were necessary to carry into effect the intention
of General Diaz.
The City of Chicago having been designated
for the WorkPs Columbian Exposition, and the
regulations of said Exi^osition having become
known, Air. Fernandez Leal appointed comniis-
sions to collect the contingent through which
the Republic of Alexico was to be represented
at the Exposition, intrusting the organization
and collecting of exhibits for the Ladies’ De¬
partment to the intelligent and distinguished
Airs. Carmen Romero Rubio de Diaz, who, on
account of her valuable merit, is considerd the
SENOR Lie. MIGUEL SERRANO,
DELEGATE GR.NEKAL PEiOAI MEXICO TO THE WOKLu's COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
of civilization. The idea found no less favora¬
ble acceptance with Air. Alanuel Fernandez
Leal, who as Alinister of Promotion, Industiy
and Commerce, insiiires and realizes with in¬
telligence, learning and probity the ideas of the
President directed to favor the name and in¬
terests of Alexico.
The International Exposition of the United
States had a very great importance for Alexico,
for, notwithstanding the proximity of both Re¬
publics, and that their political and commercial
relations in the last few years have become more
the other nations of the world as it has already
done before on several occasions in order to
show that it is great and prosperous, and to
offer an extensive field for all noble aspirations
and fair busines of any kind. The president
of the Republic of Alexico perceived the oppor¬
tunity with keeness (as he always does, in the
public affairs of his country), and granted the
Exj 30 sition iiroject the required aid that Alexico
might co-operate in a worthy manner. Inimi-
diately after the Alinister of Promotion, Indus¬
try and Commerce made such dispositions as
most prominent lady in the Alexican society.
The reiiresentation of the other sections were
intrusted to persons of learning, who on other
occasions had made manifest their merit and
abilities. The gentlemen were; Air. Gilberto
Crespo y Alartinez, Fernando Ferrari Perez,
Pedro J. Senties, Eduardo Zarate, Roman Las-
curain, and others, to the co-operation of whom
is due the credit of assisting the Alinister of En¬
couragement in gathering the magnificent col¬
lections exhibited in Chicago.
The Mexican government appointed Aliguel
CAMPBELL'S ILLLSTRATEI) HISTORY OF THE WORLD’S (’OLI MBTAX EXPOSITION.
Serrano, LL. D. Delegate General, and sent him
to Chicago in order to obtain spaces for the
Mexican exhibits and make necessary prepara¬
tions for the exhibition. The delegate obtained
magniticent spaces in the Manufactures and
Liberal Arts, Mine and Mining, Transportation,
Horticulture, Viticulture, AVoman’s, Fine Arts,
Machinery, Agriculture, Ethnology, and Forestry
buildings, and in the Shoe and Leather Depart¬
ment. He arranged the ditfevent sections in a
proper nuinner for the installation of the num¬
erous exhibits sent by Mexico, which were
otfered to view in iron and glass show cases,
constructed by the well-known firm of AVinslow’
Bros. Co.
AA'hen the valuable exhibits were ready and
the day for the inauguration of the AAMrld’s Col-
After overconung some difficulties Mexico in¬
augurated its departments, and the visitors to
the Exposition had an o])portunity t<j admire in
the Gallery of Fine Arts the sculpture of
Guera, of Centurion, of Contreras, and the
paintings of A^elasco, Pina, Obregon, Parra,
Ibarraran. Izaguirre and Pc'sado. In the
AA'oman’" building was a tiiu> and delicate ('x-
hi])it of embroidered work in silk, linen, gohl
and silver thread, as well as with ‘'i.rfic'' thread
made by Alexican ladies. In the Alines and
Alining, Alanufactures and Libc'ral Arts depart¬
ments Alexico made manifest the richnes of its
mines, the diversity of its industrit's, and the
advancement of intellectual cvdture of its men.
In the Alachinery Hall and D(^partments of
Transportation and Agriculture AL'xico showed
•) L •)
awarded Alexico over thirteen hundred prizes.
Alexico Day, on the celebration of which
General Diaz sent the famous band of the Eighth
Cavalry Reginumt, direrded by Captain En-
carnacion Payc'ii, Ims left an agreeable and deep
impression of the AVorld's Columbian Exposi¬
tion. Nt) nation in celebrating its spc'cial day
luul a more pleasant, animated and artistically
organized celebration than the one given by
Alexico. The National Commission never be¬
fore had dojic what it did on Alexico Day; that
is, to attend the festivity in a body and place its
magniticent apartments at the disposal of a for¬
eign reprt'sentative, whicdi they did on this oc¬
casion for the reception of guests and friends.
General Portirio Diaz and Ali'. Alanuel Fm’-
nandez Li'al have rmichn'inl a great service to
STATUE OF COLUMBUS IN TUE CITY OF MEXICO.
umbian Exposition was fast approaching, the
Alexican Government appointed the following
commision to come to Chicago, for the purpose
of exhibiting and caring for the great display:
Sub-Delegate and Secretary General, Fernando
Farrari Perez, Esq.; Clerk, Air. Jose L. Oteo,
and Alessrs. Romulo Escobar, Carlos Sellerier,
Juan Fleury, Angel Diaz Hernandez, Aliguel
Garibay, Alanuel de las Piedras Fernandez,
Lauro A^iadas, Alanuel Garcia Torres, Agustin
AI. Chavez, Rafael Alallen, Albino R. Nuncio,
Federico Atristain, Jose F. Godoy, Othou de
Palacio, Natal Pesado, Jorge AI. Green, Ri¬
cardo de Alaria y Campos, Alanuel Caballero,
Rosendo Sandoval. Alanuel Huidobro de Azua
and Alaximiliano Cliabert, employes.
its progress in machinery and the f('racity of its
soil by its coffee, tobacco and otlu'r products;
and in the Departuumt of Forestry, the abun-
ance of its fine woods, the strength of the filx'rs
it produces, and its gums were among the finest
to be seen.
Alexico attained the immense success at the
Columbian Exposition. All existing doubts as
to its wealth and progr('.ss w('re banislunl wlnm
viewing the magnificent exhibit it dis])layt‘d at
Jackson Park, and the jx'ople of the United
States not only expressed their desire to
obtain Alexican products, objects, etc., but also
stated their desire to know more of tlu* country
and endx'irk into busine.ss. Upon the (pialitica-
tion of exhibits the jurors, without any difficulty.
tln'ir country by ])r(\s{‘nting Alexico at the
World’s CfJumbian Ex])osition as tlu'y did.
At the ])resent day tlu' Commerce of the
lTnit(al Status knows wheia' to g<'t tlu' innumer-
abh‘ ])i-inie materials recpdrc'd for its 8U[)ply, and
capitalists well know at jjrescmt the nation
wh('i-e tlu'y may to a great advantage invest
tlu'ir ca|)ital.
Now that the economical affairs of AL'xico
lead th(> country to search for ent-erprises ditf('r-
(Mit fi'orn tho.s(^ alr('ady known, tin' field op<'ned
through the int<'lligent elfoihs of the Pn'sident
of tlu* Alexican Re])id)lic, and of his Alinister
of Ih'omotion, Industi'y and Coinnu'rcc', ])romise
to yield, b('yond any doubt, abundant and rich
returiis.
5 m;
CAMPP.FJJ/S ILLlASTRATKr) IIISTORV OF TTIK WORLD'S COLUMRIAX EXPOSITION.
iNiiiitiii
•I Hill I,
fmiJL
•iniiltiitiiif
HOfITTCUT/rURAL HALL IN SILVER FILIGREE WORK.
EXHIBIT OF E. AT. ENDWEISS. AIONTEREY, MEXICO.
MEXICO
fOMlNfQ
SLCCION AILXICANA EN EL DEPARTAAIENTO DE IIORTICULTURA. (EXHIBIT OF MEXICO IN HORTICULTUR AL UEP iRTMENT.)
I
5 ^
t-H
H
P3
i—I
-<!
SECCION MEXICANA EN EL EDIFICIO DE LA MUGER.
(EXHIBIT MADE BY MEXICO IX THE WOMAN’S BUILDING AT THE WORLD'S FAIR.)
MEMBERS OF THE CELEBRATED EIGHTH CAVALRY BAND OF MEXICO, AT THE WORLD’S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION DURING OCTOBER
CONCERT GIVEN IN MUSIC HALL BY MEXICO'S EIGHTH CAVALRY BAND,
VIEXICO DAY AT THE WORLD’S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
550
CAMPP»KLi;S IPPrSTPATED HISTORY OF THE WORLD'S COLUHRIAX EXPOSITION.
CATHOLIC EDUCATIONAL EXHIBIT
AT THE EXPOSITION.
We i)reface our account of the Catholic
Educational Exhil)it in the Liberal Arts depart¬
ment at the Exposition with the following (]Uo-
tations; The Chicfujo ller(d0,o{ eJune 5, 1805,
says: “In the southeastern section of the
Alanufactures building, (ui the gallery door, is
an exhibit which should attract the attention
and excite the admiration of all good people, be
they Presbyterians, Alethodists, Baptists, or the
people who are responsible for the show.
The Catholic Educational Exhibit is the feature
ri'ferred to. It is not in¬
tended as a religious prop¬
aganda; it is simply a
material exposition of what
the peo[)le of one great
faith can do in the way of
])romoting humanity and
the world’s progress. Al¬
together, tlu' Catholic Ed¬
ucational Exhibit is (jiie
of the most interesting
features of the great Fair.’’
The Popular Educator,
published in New York,
declares: “The parochial-
school systmn scort'd a
])oint at the Fair, giving
much good reason for the
erasure of the ])ast criti¬
cism that parochial schools
teach sewing and cate¬
chism. Sewing and beau¬
tiful embroideries and
water color drawings are
then', to be sure, making
the aisle rich with tints,
but there is also plenty of
good work in tlu' liiu' and
ap[)arently according to
the methods of the public
schools.’’ (Nov., 1895.)
The primary object of
the Catholic Educational
Exhibit was to jilace be
fore the public tin' actual
every day work of the
Catholic schools, but above
and l)eyoiid this, it s('rved
to wid('n the horizon of
both Catholics and non-
C’atholiesin r('gardt(j Cath¬
olic schools, and the tend¬
ency of tlu'Catholic (diurcli
in scholastic work. The
eidire s])ace allotted was
occu[hi'd by tlu' work of
oidy about oiu'-third of the
Catholic educational in-
stitvdions of the -country.
All W('re willing to admit
that noiu' in this choice etlucational field
laboia'd more energetically or subscribed more
liberally to retlect cia'dit on the Exposition,
through the D('y)artnient of the Liberal Arts,
than the American Catholics—and tlu'iH'by,
thousands, not perhaps believers in Catholic
schools. t'xult('d to see such pure and disinter-
est('d American sentinu'ids.
It was likewise an I'dncation to the average
American to find not a dearth, but if anything,
a superabundama' of Auu'rican ('lubleins. Amer¬
ican sentinu'nts, and the loftiest American
ideals portrayed throughout the exhibit.
Nearly two years before the opening of the
Fair the Archbishops decided that the Catholic
church should assist in rendering the Fair a
success in the Liberal Arts department. It
was not, until October, 1891, at the meeting of
the Archbishops in St. Louis, that Bishop
Spalding, of Peoria, was given full power as
president, and Brother Alaurelian of the Chris¬
tian Brothers, was asked to assume the duties
as secretary, or general manager of the large
undertaking.
The Archdiocese of Chicago had taken steps
previous to the general decision, and as they
had all necessary committees at work, and
money collected under the management of the
RIGHT REV. JOHN LANCASTER SPALDING. D. D.,
BISHOP OF PEORIA AND PKESIDEXT OF THE CATHOLIC EDUCATIONAL EXHIBIT AT
Diocesean School Board, they formed a distinct
organization, and although the exhibit was in
the same section it was not under the control of
tlu'general Catholic Board.
The Catholic schools received a comparatively
liberal allowance of about 50,000 siiuare feet of
floor space, which admitted by ingenious ar¬
rangement of about 60,000 sipiare feet of wall
space. This was about one-half of what was
originally petitioned for.
The space was in the southeast gallery, sec¬
tion I., Liberal Arts department. This .space
was in the form of a rectangle, with two aisles
running north and south, and one aisle running
east and west. The entire portion was sub¬
divided into small rooms, or booths, oy)en at the
top to admit light and air. These booths were
eight feet in height, and the three sides served
as space for wall decorations. Each booth was
numbered and opened upon one of the aisles,
having over the doorway the name of the insti¬
tution whose work was within. Where large
communities or dioceses occupied several booths
a large sign with the name of the diocese or
institution indicated the property of such
exhibitor.
Within the booth, running entirely around,
was built a table about two and a half feet high,
and the same in width.
This served as a desk for
the exposition and exami¬
nation of the volumes and
fancy work. Whenever
necessary, glass cases were
put in place for jirecious
work, especially fancy ar¬
ticles. These cases served
a double purpose—to keep
the articles clean, and to
protect them from light-
fingered visitors.
Some of the booths were
l)rovided with stationary
chairs, and carpeted. All
made etforts at decoration,
and in any one the visitor
might tarry and feast his
eyes, and regale his mind.
There were in all 115
booths, and they contained
the educational work of the
1,200 different schools and
institutions.
The cost of preparation
of the booths, decorations,
and the expense for mater¬
ials, freight, help, etc., was
about $250,000.
To meet this large ex¬
penditure, the exhibitors
paid in proportion to the
amount of si^ace occupied.
The exhibitors were
classified as follows: Dio-
ce.san Exhibits: Brooklyn,
Buffalo, Chicago, Cleve¬
land, Covington, Denver,
Detroit, Dubuque, Fort
Wayne, Green Bay, La
Crosse, Manchester, Alil-
waukee, Natchez, New
York, New Orleans, Phila¬
delphia, Pitt.sburg, San
Francisco, Sioux Falls.
Religious Teaching Order
Exhibit; Benedictine
THE world’s FAIR. Fatlicis, Biotlicis of Alaiy,
Brothers of the Sacred
Heart, Brothers of the Christian Schools,
Brothers of the Christian Schools (Spain,
France, England and Belgium), Benedictine
Sisters, Congregation de Notre Dame (Diocese
of Boston), Congregation de Notre Dame
(Diocese of Sacramento), Gray Nuns, School
Sisters of Notre Dame, Sisters of Charity
(B. V. Al.), Sisters of Charity (Emmettsburg),
Sisters of Charity (Nazareth), Sisters of Divine
Providence, Sisters of Loretto, Sisters of Alercy,
Sisters of Providence (Vigo Co.), Sisters of St.
Dominic, Sisters of St. Francis, Sisters of St.
Joseph. Sisters of the Precious Blood, tlrsuline
Nuns, Visitation Nuns.
CAMPT^ELI/S ILLI STEATEI) IflSTORV OF THE WORLD'S (OLT MRIAX EXPOSITTOX.
551
Individual Exhibits; Catholic Uni¬
versity of Aiuevica, Washington,
D. 0.; Catholic Archives of America,
Notre Dame University, American
Catholic Historical Society, Philadel¬
phia, Pa.; Catholic Text Books,
Columbian Library of Catholic Au¬
thors, League of the Saci-ed Heart,
Mi.ss M. L. Ashe’s Art School,
Memphis, Tenn.; Papal College
eTosephinum, Columbus, Ohio; Uni¬
versity of Notre Dame, Notre Dame,
Ind.
Foreign Countries: England, Can¬
ada, France, Hawaii, Spain, and
jMauritius.
Kindergarten Work.—I ii the logi¬
cal order let us begin at the first rung
of the ladder, and witness the infants
at their occupations; they bring us in
all their feebleness, their modeling,
paper work, weaving, etc., etc. All the
features of the kindergarten were
exhibited, but not by all the schools,
not even by all the dioceses.
The Grammar Schools. —The
grammar schools in all the branches
that pertain thereto, were naturally
the most generously represented.
They sent specimens of original
work, first drafts, copies, specially
selected papers, and volumes of
special examination papers were pre¬
pared within a limited time, and
\vere replies to (piestions unknown
to the pupils until the hour of exam¬
ination. All the pupils had the same
time' and all work was done without
REV. BRO. MAURRETAN. F.S.C.,
SKCKCTAIIY .\ND MANAGKU CATHOLIC EDCCATIOXAL EXHIBIT.
assistance, and was returned to com¬
mittees for binding and judgment
without revision.
Some volumes were exhibited
without correction by the teacher,
others had the mistakes clearly indi¬
cated in red ink, and the corrections
neatly noted on the edge of the page.
This latter method certainly gave the
most satisfaction to critics, as it per¬
mitted an easy access to the method
of instruction. In the preparing of
the volumes of grammar school work,
much taste, variety and ingenuity
was dis£)layed,
Most of the work iiresented was
liound either in cloth or leather, and
each volume usually contained the
exercises of a class, or grade, upon
one subji'ct. Sometimes another
method eipially pleasing was in
vogue, nanu'ly, the exercises of se¬
lected pupils in all the dilferent
branches of one grade were bound
into one book. All of tlu'se volumes
were clearly labelled, and sonu' con¬
tained in the inch'X, tlu' nanu'S of all
the ])upils, also tlu' ages, and stated
whether the exercises were first, or
second copy, correctial or uncori'eclt'd
work. Outside of the book work, the
grammar school childrmi olfma'd a
wealth of material in gi'ographical
drawings, war maps, pmi slo'tches,
crayons, charcoal work, and an ovi'r-
abundance of plain staving, and vari¬
ous kinds of fancy work, in the
plain sewing, besiih's the iwhibit of
<0 PY/ilCHT it9~
J'. 3-CAr-iFeCli.
■ \ :
1 ' ^ "
COLLECTIVE EXHIBIT OF
THE SCHOOL SISTERS OF NOTRE DAME,
CATHOLIC EDUCATIONAL EXHIBIT, WORLD'S FAIR.
5 :, 2
CAMPHKLI/S II.LrSTRATEl) HISTORY OF THE AVORED'S ( OLOFRIAX EXPOSITIOX.
different every day work, the practical was
l)rou^ht in view, in button-hole work, darning,
patcliing, mendinj^, etc. Tiiese latter, although
not as showy, gave a good iiidex to the
trend of the school, evidencing the fact that
the pupil was being fitted for the cares of after
years.
High Grades.— Passing from the grammar
grades to the academic, high school and college
exhibits, we perceived more strengtli, con¬
ciseness and breadth of treatment. Painting,
embroidery, lace, fancy sewing. ])astels, crayons,
etc., take the place of what may be termed the
‘‘extras” of the
lower grades.
One could not
pass over these
schools without
saving a very
strong woi'd for the
nieclianicfd n d
a:‘chit(‘ctural draw¬
ings and designs
from the higher
schools of the Bro¬
thers, find from col¬
leges. They wei'e
clear, exact, and
abundantly noted.
The musical com¬
positions from the
academies and
high schools also
deserve much com-
mendfition.
Anotlu'r branch
of work that wfis
gene rous 1 y and
creditfibly repn*-
sented was the
chfiritabh' institu¬
tions at work in
the United vStfites.
Exhibits from lU’-
})hamiges, asylums
fm’ the di-af and
dumb, charitable
industrial schools,
p r o t e c t o r i e s,
houses of refuge,
reformatories and
the Hki'. and in
many instfinces it
would havt' been
impo.ssible to say
thfit till' class work
did not iiroceed
from li r s t-c 1 fi s s
grammar schools
if it had not been
so plainly marki'd.
From till' insti¬
tutions for boys
were samples of
moulding, tailor¬
ing, shoi'inaking,
farming, printing,
modeling, carving,
drfifting. etc.
Pfi.ssing from the boys to the girls, it could
be seen that no less care had been ilisplayed.
The lace, needlework, embroielery, painting, etc.,
that claimed these institutions fis their birtli-
plfice, very justly excited the greatest admira¬
tion and praise.
Among the attractive features of the exhibit
wfis fi large oaken altar, handsomely and
lavishly carved, of which we give an illustra¬
tion. It was the work of the pupils of the
Josephinum Industrial College of Columbus,
Ohio.
A seven foct white Carrara marble statue of
the eminent prelate. Most Rev. P. A. Feehan,
D. D., Archbishop of Chicago, was admired by
all who saw it. The statue rested upon a
pedestal of much significance. If represented
two children at study, a boy and a girl of about
twelve years. They hold books in their hands,
but for the moment appear to have given their
attention to words tliat are iiroceeding from the
Archbishop, who is represented in the attitude
of instruction, with the left hand resting on a
speaker’s stand, and the right outstretched in
gesture. The Archbishop is attired in the
robes of his office.
Another striking feature ivas the collection of
the works of Catholic authors—termed the
Columbian Library of Catholic Authors. It
numbered about 8.000 volumes. They were
classified by countries. Books written by
women were placed together. Translations
from French, Dutch, Latin, Italian, iSpanish
and German authors were in numbers.
The exhibit of the American Catholic His¬
torical Society was well worthy of a visit. It
consisted chiefly of old and rare manuscripts,
pamphlets, autographs, books, crosses, plates,
ecclesiastical garments, portraits and the like.
An exhibit from the University of Notre Dame,
Ind., was conspii'uous. The exhibits were taken
from the Alemorial Hall at the University, and
embraced manuscripts, photographs, portraits
of different types and of many laics and clergy.
men of note, relics
of worthy men and
important times.
The exhibit from
the Province of
Quebec, under the
direction of Rev.
Canon Bruchese,
of Alontreal, is en¬
titled to very fav¬
orable 111 e n t i o n.
The two sections
of space 20x36 feet
was utilized to the
greatest advantage.
Among the insti¬
tutions well repre¬
sented were the
ChristiaiiBrothers,
The Alarist Broth¬
ers College, of St.
Laurent, Montreal
College, Joliet Col¬
lege, Laval Nor¬
mal. and Laval
University.
Among the Con¬
vents were: Alrsu-
lines. Sisters of
Jesus and Mary,
Sisters of St. Anne,
of the Holy Cross,
the Congregation
of Notre Dame and
others.
Ill all the schools
represented Eng¬
lish and French
are taught equally.
The deaf mutes’
work, fancy and
useful, was worthy
the highest praise.
On the whole the
Catholic Educa¬
tional Exhibit was
elaborate, compre¬
hensive and in¬
structive. About
one thousand med¬
als were awarded
to the entire ex¬
hibit. Prof. Pea¬
body, chief of the
Liberal Arts De¬
partment, said of
it that it was “ the most varied, complete and
exhaustive exhibit the world has ever seen.”
This sketch would be incompleto if we failed
to speak of Catholic Education Day, which was
celebrated in Festival Hall, September 2, 1893.
The immense hall was filled with clergy, the
members of the various sisterhoods, and a vast
concourse of the laity. The speeches, now
published in special pamphlet, were worthy of
CARVED OAKEN ALTAR, CATHOLIC EDUCATIONAL EXHIBIT.
CAMPBELI/S ILU^STBATEI) HISTORV OE THE WOHLD'S COLEMBTAN EXPOSITIOX,
5 .*) I?
the well-known orators. In the main the
speakers dwelt on the true idea of educaiiou,
the reason for Catholic schools, the love ex¬
pressed in the idea for the creation of the
fullest type of the American citizen.
RT. REV. JOHN L. SPALDING. D. D.
Right Rev. John Lancaster Spalding, D. D.,
Bishop of Peoria and President of the Catholic
Educational Exhibit, was born at Lebanon,
Kentucky, on June 2, 1840. Commencing his
theological studies in America he completed
them abroad, and by dis¬
pensation was ordained
before the canonical age.
His scholarly attain¬
ments, abilities and elo¬
quence early gave him
distinction. Having
served for some years in
the State of Kentucky
he retired in 1878 to
New York in order to
write the life of his illus¬
trious uncle. Archbishop
Mattin Spalding, of
Baltimore. The cele¬
brated Dr. Brownson in
reviewing this work de¬
scribed it as one of the
finest pieces of writing
in the English language.
Remaining in New
York he served as an
assistant priest in St.
Michael’s Parish. His
*ame as a scholar and
orator soon had its ac¬
knowledgment in his
being chosen to be the
first Bishop of Peoria.
Cardinal McCloskey
consecrated him in the
New York Cathedral on
May 1,1877. Thereupon
he retired to his diocese
where he has since la¬
bored with marvelous
energy and success.
Churches, institutions,
schools, everything that
is good flourished about
him
His giant powers were
not coiifined to his dio¬
cese, but were felt with¬
out and beyond. An
active promoter in the
cause of Catholic immi¬
gration, he powerfully
aided the association
established to draw off
the overflow of the East¬
ern tenements to the
broad farms of the West. An energetic worker
in the cause of the American Catholic Univer¬
sity, it was through him that Miss Caldweil
became interested in the enterprise and gave
$800,000 towards its endownment. By voice
and pen he secured large sums of money for the
university. Amidst these labors and those con¬
nected with his own diocese and the exercises
of his ministry previous to his consecration, he
found time to write poetry under the pen name
of “ Henry Hamilton,” to write his “ Religious
Mission of the Irish Race,” “ Education and
Higher Life,” and to frequently occupy a place
on the pages of the best magazines. Bishop
Spalding is a thinker. A man of more than
ordinary intelligence, he grasps the questions
of the day in the wid(;st range and is capable
of directing thought upon them. He stimulates
thought. This is an attribute of the greatest
minds. Well fitted to teach the age in which
he lives, he will not leave it without its being the
better for having owned him. Such was the man
selected by the Archbishops of the country to
serve as President of the National Educational
Exhibit at the World’s Fair in 1898; and is he
whose cry is for ‘'larger liberty and fuller life,”
who believes that if from man be taken the
ideals given him by i-eligion and literature,
millions of dollars will leave him still a beggar;
w'lose every thought and act is in unison with
thechurcii to elevate mankind to a higher iilaim
of thought and life.
REV. BRO. MAURELIAN, F. S. C
When the Archbishops of the United States
had determined to have a National Catholic
Educational Exhibit their first thought, after
having requested Bishop Spalding to act as
president, was the selection of a secretary and
manager. The subject of this sketcfli was their
uiianinious choice. At their reijuest. His
Eminence, Cardinal Gibbons, communicated
the wishes of the Most Rev. Archbishops to the
Rev. Brother Paulian, President of the Chris¬
tian Brothers’ College and Provincial of the
St. Louis District. He, in turn, cabled to the
Very Honorable Brother Joseph, Superior
General of the Order, the news of Brother
IMaurelian’s appointment and received in reply
his full consent to the Brother’s acceptance.
A Baltimorean, born in
1842, he attended the
parochial schools of the
Christian Brothers in
his native city until his
fourteenth year, when
he applied for admis¬
sion at the Prt'])aratory
Novitiate of his order.
Thus the work of his
life has been in the cause
of education. Of a cease¬
less energy whose only
limit is the i)hysical
durability of brain and
muscle, his labors and
the amount he has ac¬
complished are known
only to those who have
lived with him. A
scholarly gentlemen, the
kindness of his heart
and his conciliatory
manners are ecpialed
only by the tenacity of
jmrpose with which he
burrows on at what¬
ever he may undertake.
Probably no other man
in the United States
had the experience that
he had in regard to the
matter placed in his
hands. He made a care¬
ful study of the Edu¬
cational Exhibit of Lon¬
don in 1884, and Paris
in 1889, and had entire
charge of the exhibit of
his order at the World’s
Cotton Centennial Ex¬
position in New Orleans.
It was then that his
master hand was shown
to best advantage, then
that he manifested the
qualities which led the
Archbishoj)s of t h e
country to select him as
the most fitting person
to manage the exhibits
of the Catholics of the
country at the coming World’s Fair. His name
is synoiiymous with success. For more than
twenty years he has labored at Memphis where
he is looked upon with esteem by the people
and held in the deepest reverence and affection
by the thousands that have come beneath his
gentle, yet powerful influence.
H is work in connection with the Catholic.
Educational Exhibit was of a kind that de¬
manded abilities of the highest order. He
proved to all that he possessed such abilities
to a marked degree.
STATUE OF ARCHBISHOP FEEHAX, C.VTHOLTC EDUCATIONAE EXHIBIT.
THE COLUMBIAN PIPE.
One of the finest specimens of art work to be
seen at the Exposition is the Columbian pipe.
The head represents a gracefully formed tus-
cany vase. Its cov(‘r is composed of the finest
meersliaum, and is c(dored a beautiful lemon
^j^old. Its f( )rm is that of an imperial gothic
crown. The lowest ring contains thirteen or¬
namental stones, surrouiuh'd by arabes(|ue
designs. Nine (fillers are contained in as many
monstrances, which, standing upright, suiTOund
this ring. The surrounding rays curve towards
the ball at die top upon which rests the cross.
The ^fields, or open s^iaces of the cover are
adorned by rosettes resting upon gothic arches.
The third, showing St. Joseph, with one hand
extended and holding a lily in the other, while
at his feet is seen purgatory with two souls
praying for deliverance, represents the Pro¬
tection of Christianity.” The fourth shows the
throne of God, the eye denoting watchfulness
and the dove the superintendence of the Holy
Spirit. Beneath this is the church of St. Peter
founded on a rock. This represents the ^‘Com¬
bat of Christianity,” Beneath this is seen the
Colossus of Rhodes, rejiresenting Heathenism.
On one side is seen the owl and on the other the
death-watch, while from towers on both sides
Christianity is represented antagonizing Heatli-
enisni, gaining the supremacy in the end. This
represents “Victory of Christiany.”
symmetry of every piece and figure. When
it is taken into consideration that the artist was
compelled to work on an arched and circular siir
face, instead of a Hat one, it is truly wonderful
how he succeeded in perfecting the angles aiul
lines, in all the different figures. The wide
range from which he drew his subjects is an¬
other point that should not be overlooked, also
the design and execution of the different tab¬
leaux or epochs represented. The tools neces¬
sary for such delicate work were difficult to ol)-
tain. For cutting eyes, ears, li 2 )s, fiugc'rs and
other minute objects a needle-file was especially
made, consisting of a needle two and one-half
inches long with rounded file-like point. Deli¬
cate chisels were used for the other w’ork.
HQH
DISPLAY OF HIE MMOLE SUUIACE
OF 'I'lIE IIR\1) OF THE COJJJMBLAN PIPE.
DARSTELLIING DER OANEEN RUISDFL VTII’
DES KOFFES DEU COLUMBUS PFEU-E.
liKl-HESEmilON DE TOOTE LA SUmCE DE LV TETE DE LA PIPE COLL'MIMENXE
THE COLUJIBIAN PIPE, SHOWN IN CATHOLIC EDUCATIONAL EXHIBIT, LIBERAL
ARTS DEPARTilENT.
A massive golden (diain fastened underneath
the cross connects the cover with the steam.
It is impossible to go into a detailed descrip¬
tion of this truly wonderful piece of hand-carv¬
ing. The accompanying cut shows the whole
surface of the pipe. The artist has carved five
tableaux on the pipe. The first shows the Vir¬
gin Mary with folded arms. On one side is
seen Columbus pointing to the New MYrld
and on the other Isabella pledging her jewels;
this represents the “Discovery of America.”
The second, where the Archangel 3Iichael is
overcoming Lucifer, in the form of a dragon,
represents the “Founding of Christianity.”
But it is the great amount of work on the
pipe that attracts attention. On this small sur¬
face are carved 370 figures in all, ranging from
one and one-half inches, down to such small
dimensions as to require a microscope to see to
make them. This is all on a surface of only
18x20 scpiare inches.
In this large number of figures are 160 pieces
of cuchitecture, o9 pieces of fruit and flowers,
o() angels, 16 animals, 12 human figures and 76
miscellaneous figures. As all of these figures
are complete in every detail it will be seen how
intiicate and delicate the work must have been.
One thing noticeable in the work is the perfect
This wonderful piece of art is the work of an
old missionary of Chicago, Rev. A. Ebel, C. S.
S, R., who has been at the work for ov(n‘ eiglit-
teen years, while attending to his clerical duties.
The stem of tlie pipe, which is twenty-one
inches long, is also a wonderful piece of carvc'fl
work. The pipe can be seen in the Catholic
Educational exhibit in the Manufactures build¬
ing. A little booklet containing a full descrip¬
tion of all the figures on the pii)e and its
history, together with a series of photos, can
be obtainecl of J. P. Daleiden, 299 North ave¬
nue, or at Muehlbauer & Berhle's, 41 La Salle
street, Chicago.
CAMPBELL'S ILLUSTEATED HISTORY OF THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAX EXPOSITIOX,
MRS. WILLIAM REED.
Mrs. William Reed was born in Baltimore,
Maryland. She is the daughter of the late
David Telfair McKim and Sarah Beatty his
wife. Mrs. Reed has been interested in and
actively connected with a number of benevolent
and industrial societies in Baltimore.
Immediately after the late war she was promi¬
nent in a society which provided w'ork for the
destitute women of the South, which did an in¬
calculable amount of good. She w^as also active
in a home for poor working women and, on ac-
votes a great deal of her time. Mrs. Reed was
married in Baltimore in 1871, to Air. AVilliam
Bradford Reed formerly of Philadelphia, Pa.,
and now a merchant of Baltimore.
She was appointed a member of the Board of
Lady IManagers from Alaryland.
ELECTRICITY AT THE EXPOSITIOX.
It was the astonishment of every visitor at
the Exposition, to see the gi’eat progress that
had been made in the line of electrical improve¬
ments, machines and ajipliances.
^ ^
n 0 n
lightning that can explode a cloud, deluging
the country with water, at the same time purify¬
ing the air for our lungs and furnishing the life
principle of the c'ereals for our tables, it is cer¬
tainly true that electricians have succeeded in
making light for our eyes, as well as motive
power for our machinery, mechanically genera¬
ting this same force.
THE OBJECT OF SIOHT SEEINO.
The Columbian Exi)osition was a great mu-
count of her acknowledged executive ability,
was chosen president, for several years, of the
Charity Ball Association, which did so much to
relieve the suffering poor of Baltimore,
She has identified herself with the move¬
ment which has been so successful in raising a
large endowment for the John Hopkins Hos¬
pital, to be used for medical education of
W’omen of that institution. Her principal in¬
terest, how'ever, has been in the Decorative Art
Society of Baltimore, which she was active in
founding and to which she, as its president, de-
MRS. WILLIAM REED.
CADY MANAGKH FROM MARYLAND.
This world has existed a great many thousand
years and electricity, as an element of nature,
was old in years when the earth was formed out
of the original chaos, but it is comparatively
but a few years since the first dynamo was con¬
structed.
Why it should be necessary to manufacture
electricity by the spinning at a tremendous
speed of such a great circular disk of iron and
wire, would require the wisdom of an accom¬
plished electrician to tell.
AVhetherit will ever be possible to utilize the
scum of wonderful things; not an aggregaticjii
of stuffed animals and relics of various kinds
only, l)ut a grc'at centralization of the protlucts
of man from every department of aquired art
and imlustry.
It is perhaps true that many of the exhibits
sliown were not entirely new in tlesigii or work¬
manship), but it is equally true that many of
them were entirely new and it is not too much
to say, that the new thoughts which will be the
result of the Expjosition are likely to greatly
benefit the world.
SINGER SEWING MACHINE COM¬
PANY’S EXHIBCr.
One of the finest displays at the Exposition
is tl)at of file Singer Sewing MacJjine Ccjnipany
in the iManufactnres and Liberal Arts depart¬
ment. On the cast ^.^allery they liave a beautifnl
pavilion in wlnte ami i^old. Tlie first floor is
(hnn)ied to an exhibit of the various styles of
nnudiim'S inannfactnred l)y tiiis coni 2 )any while
on the second floor arc? tliree rooms, a recei)tion
room, a room fitted nj) in the Atyle of the Six¬
teenth century and one of the Nineteenth cen-
tury.
The room known as the “Kin,£^ Henry VITI
Dinin*'; Room’’ is worth journeying many miles
In the center of the east and west walls of the
room are two pieces of tapestry, each fiv^ feet
six inches by seven feet four inches in size.
Both of these designs are solid machine work,
that on the west wall being a scene from Eng¬
lish history, “Knighting of the Earl of War¬
wick,” and the other “The Troubadour.” The
marvelous work done on these two pieces of
tai)estry, the fidelity with which every light and
shade is i)roduced is something remarkable
when it is considered that it was all done on one
of the Singer Sewing machines, without any
attachments whatever, and although there are
millions of stitches in this work it was not
begun until November, 1892, and was comj)leted
before May, 1893.
broidery in satin stitch and satin applique
borders. The portieres at the entrance are of
broadcloth with green velvet borders to corres¬
pond with room borders. Over the entrance is
an old fashioned vallance in allegorical desitriis
The six chairs surrounding the table \re
eushioned and backed with green velvet and
leather applicpie work. The taljle-clotli is of
linen with center, insertion and border of Bat-
tenberg lace. There is an assortment of doilies
in Roman and drawn work, while the side tables
have tea cloths and tray covers made in different
designs.
The other room is fitted up in the style of a
lady’s boudoir of the Nineteenth century. The
ceiling is in cream and gold and the side walls
rUOTOCiRAPH OF INTERIOR OF -HENRY VIII DINING ROOM," SINGER SEWING MACHINE CO,’S EXHIBIT, MANUFACTURES DEPARTMENT.
to see. The ceiling, mantle, floor and wainscot¬
ing are tlone in anticpie oak of a brownish hue,
while the chairs, table, sideboard and sev'eral
side tables are of the same material only of a
darker shade. Every piece in the room is highly
carved.
The panels of the room are of broadcloth,
embroidered in crown and j)ineap 2 )le designs.
These panels are framed with velvet borders,
the designs carried out in satin applicpie work.
There are thirty-nine shields bearing heraldic
designs joining the different striijs of velvet bor¬
dering the i)anels, and mitering the four cor¬
ners of each panel.
Over the mantle is a picture of an old English
ship in solid machine work, with a frame of
applique work to corresjjond with the velvet bor¬
ders of the room. At one side of the room is a fire¬
screen containing a figure of King Henry VIII
done in solid machine work on broadcloth.
The figure is perfect in every detail and is from
the famous Holbein picture of that sovereign.
The ermine robe, the pearl necklace, the dagger
set in 2)recious stones and all the jewels are re 2 )ro-
diK.ed in the natural colors, while the ex 2 )ression
of the face is as perfect as the original in oil.
There are two j)airs of curtains in this room
made of broadcloth with centers of solid era-
are decoi’ated with satin-finish ijajjer of hand¬
some design. The iiujldings, mantle, bureau,
dressing table and small writing desk are of satin
wood. The furnishings of this room are exquis¬
ite beyond comjjarison. The east window of
the room is dra 2 )ed with Battenberg lace cur¬
tains disjjlaying several handsome designs. At
the right of this window’ is a dressing case
draped entirely with Duchesse lace laid over a
background of Idue satin.
A brass bedstead stands against the north
wall, drajjed in pale blue satin, with an em¬
broidered border of Roman work and scattered
leaves. The canopy is of the same material
a.) i
(UMri}ELl/S ILLFSl
with Roman work border and raised leaves.
There is a Brussels net spread and roll cover of
linen applique work. A brass bassonette stands
near the bed, covered with a white satin spread
bordered with wild roses. A white linen pillow,
the corners sliowin^^ assorted styles of stitchino',
and a hemstitched ruffle with the motto, “Rest
thee, my babe,” completes this beautiful piece
of furniture.
The two w’est windows are draped in silk
bolting cloth, with deeji borders of open work
and raised loses, over which are blue satin cur¬
tains with a border of machine work and scat¬
tered chrysanthemums. The satin-wood man¬
tle and mirror are draped in white silk, with
border showing several designs of machine
'RATED HISTORY OF THE WORLD'S (MILE
Dresden lamp stands on a small satin-wood
table covered with a white silk crepe de chine
shade, with border done in button hole stitch.
A white brocade satin sofa pillow, the de¬
signs carried out in several colors, yellow satin
portieres finished in light blue satin, and an
eudfflss variety of table covers of silk bolting
cloth embroidered in beautiful and elaborate
designs, complete the furnishings of the room
Tiiere are eight pictures on the walls repre¬
senting different scenes and figures, all in solid
machine work. The two most conspicuous and
handsome ones are entitled “German Songster,”
and “All revoir.” This work was all done in
the New York office of the Singer company, by
their own workmen, and it must be seen to be
[BIAX EXPOSITION.
ST. LOUIS BRIDGE IN SUGAR CANE.
In the exhibit made by Missouri in the Agri¬
cultural building is a piece of architecture made
from the stalks of sugar cane. It is a reproduc¬
tion of the bridge across the Mississippi river
at St. Louis. The entire structure is made
from the cane, the workmansliip being very ar¬
tistic in all its details. The cane stalks are
worked up into all kinds of designs and made
to represent columns, arches and railings the
whole producing a pleasing architectural effect.
Among th(( many charming entertainments
given in the M Oman’s building during the i)ast
month the musical and dramatic recital of Oc-
PIIOTOGRAPH OF INTERIOR OF NINETEENTH CENTURY EADY'S BOUDOIR, SINGER SEWING MACHIItE CO.'S EXHIBIT, MANUFACTURES
DEPARTMENT, WORLD’S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
work containing yellow luimroses and fern
leaves embroidered through.
The satin-wood bureau has a blue satin cover
with a border of real pointelace, machine made.
A three-fold screen stands at one side of the
room, the center jjanel, a scene, “Farewell,” the
lake and brook on the other two panels, as well
as the foliage, sky and flight of birds all being
done in solid machine work with spool silk.
All the furniture in the room is covered with
yellow satin brocade, the design being carried
out in blue silk. A small gilt fire-screen stands
near the mantle containing a bar of roses with
eighty ditferent shades of silk. A beautiful
justly apjireciated.
Besides the elegant display made by the
company in this building they have a large ex¬
hibit of machines in the Machinery Hall and
one in the Shoe and Leather building. They
have the largest sewing machine in the world
in the Machinery Hall, it being used for sew¬
ing leather belting. Over $800,000 has been
expended by the company in making their sev¬
eral exhibits at the Exposition.
That their disjjlay in the Manufactures de¬
partment has been the leading attraction in the
galleries is proven by the great crowd of vis¬
itors daily admiring it.
tober 10 was the most pleasing. This was es¬
pecially true of the womhu-ful work done by
Aliss Laura AIcAIanls, tlu^ Jndianapolis lady
who has whistled herself into favor. Her solo
work was excellent, and called forth repeated en-
chores. The i)iano .solos of her sister, Aliss Alice
McAlanis, included a selection from “Trunq)(*ter
of Sakkingen” and “Withering Flowers,” both
of which were reiuh'n'd with charming effect.
The two sisters make a strong team as enter¬
tainers.
A great flower show will be given in Horti¬
cultural building during November.
THE FAMOUS ELGIN BAND, AT THE EXPOSITION DURING AUGUST, SEPTEMBER AND OCTOBER
oo
MUSIC HALL, rLRISTVLE AND CASTN'O FROM ROOF OF MANUFACTURES RUILDLNO, SHOWIXO I'lER AND SLIDI
NO SIDEWAI.K.
PIER AT EAST ENTRANCE TO EXPOSITION OROUNDS, SJIOWINO FULL VIEW OF SLJDLNCJ SIDEWAI.K.
CAMPP.ELL’S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
5(10
HOME OF THE WORLD’S CONGRESSES.
As our illustration will show, this is a hand¬
some building on the Lake Front park at the foot
of Adams street and cost $000,000; of this amount
the Exposition company paid $200,000 for the
purpose of securing the building as a meeting
place for the World’s Congress Auxiliary. Fol¬
lowing were the officers:
Charles C. Bonney, president; Thomas B.
Bryan, vice-president; Lyman J. Gage, treas¬
urer; Benj. Butterworth and Clarence E.
Young, secretaries.
Tlie officers of the Woman’s branch of the
Auxiliary were Mrs. Potter Palmer, i)resideiit;
Mrs. Charles Heni’otiji, vice-president.
These Congresses were divided into nineteen
grand departments as follows: Woman’s progress,
public press, medicine, temperance, moral and
social reform, commerce and finance, music.
with the co-operation of the Exposition manage¬
ment, this wonderful series of congresses and
from his closing address, Oct. 28, 1893, we make
the following quotations:
The World's Congresses of 1893 were organized to
establish fraternal relations among the leaders o.*’ man¬
kind; to review the progress already achieved; to state
the living problems now awaiting solution, and to sug¬
gest the means of future advancement.
To promote these high ends, the World's Congress
Auxiliary provided for the in-esentation of the intellect¬
ual and moral progress of mankind, in connection with
the World's Columbian Exposition, in aseriesof World's
Congresses under the ausi)icesof the A uxilary, with the
assistance of the leaders in the various departments of
human achievement.
The work of organization commenced in October,
1889, was completed, and the first Congress of the series
opened in May, 1893. The last Congress embraced in
the great scheme has been held during the present week,
and we have now assembled to exchange our congratu¬
lations on the magniticent results of the World's Con¬
gress work; to express our gratitude for the past, our
hopes for the future and our thanks to all whose aid
has contributed to the success which we celebrate on
this occasion.
That these Congresses have been successful far be-
The first attempt to bring all the departments nf
human progress into harmonious relations in a series nf
international congresses has triumphed. The World’
Congress idea is established among the peoples of tl ^
earth. Every participating organization and interest
has been exalted by its association with the others ^
“Not things but men! Not matter but mind!” will
henceforth rank among the commanding watchword^^
of mankind.
The Parliament of Religion has emancipated the
world from bigotry, and henceforth civil and relimouR
liberty will have a larger and easier sway. ^ ®
Labor has found in religion and social science its
strongest allies, and will henceforth advance to victory
along the lines of law and order and peace. Woman’s
progress will secure for her in the larger family of the
school, the church and the state, a position perfectly
corresponding to that which she rightfully holds in the
smaller school and church and state of the family.
Moral and social reform has adopted the methods of
science, and charities will henceforth be administered
for the prevention as well as for the relief of social evils
Commerce, finance, production, transportation and
distribution have learned that the gilded piracy of de¬
structive competition must be abandoned for the bene¬
ficent policy of co-oi)eration, to secure the best results'
to all concerned.
Science and philosophy have learned the lesson of
fraternity and human service; and education, thor-
ART
INSTITUTE, LAKE FRONT, WORLD’S CONGRESS AUXILIARY HEADQUARTERS DURING THE EXPOSITION.
literature, education, enL?iiieerinc;, art, govern-
lueut, science and philosophy, labor, religion,
Sunday rest, public health, agriculture, and a
general department for the discussion of subjects
not properly belonging to any of the above
According to the official report of Mr. Clarence
E. Young secretary, tliere were 210 working
cominittees a local membership of 1600 and a
non-resident membership of 15,000. In prepara¬
tion for these congresses there were sent out
over a million circulars. Twelve hundred and
forty-tiv^e sessions <\’ere held with 5,974 speakers
and a total attendance of over 700,000 people. It
will lanpiire fifty volumes of six hundred pages
each to publish all the addresses and proceed¬
ings and Congress will be retpiested to under¬
take this work in the interest of the people.
To the president, Charles C. Bonney, belongs
the credit of having conceived and carried out.
yontl anticipation; that they have transformed ink
enduring realities the hopes of those who organized and
conducted them, and that they will exercise a benign
and potent influence on the welfare of mankind through
the coming centuries, has been so often, so emphatically
by eminent representatives
ot ditterent countries and peoples, that these statements
may be accepted as established facts
iliat the material exhibit of the World's Columbi;
Exposition in Jackson Park is the most complete ai
rnagnihcent ever presented to human view, is general
agreed, but a multitude of eminent witnesses have d
clareii after attendance on both, that the Intellectu
and Aloral Exposition of the Progress of Mankind m
sented m the World's Congre,sses of 1893 is greater ai
more imposing still.
+1 Vi® of the World’s Congress Auxilary
the VV orld s Columbian Exposition takes its endurii
place in human history, an imperishable part of tl
progress of mankind.
The magniticent array of eminent thinkers and lea
ers who have contributed papers or addresses for tl
congiesses, deserve whatever honors our own and oth
countries can bestow, for they have made the wor
their debtor. Those papers and addresses constitn
such an encyclopedia of the best thoughts of all eou
tries on the living questions of the age as can not els
w'here be found.
oughly humanized and exalted, offers its xiricmess trea¬
sures to “all sorts and conditions of men,” while the
world ayiplauds the new crusade against the evils of
ignorance.
Let this suffice. The progress made in the World’s
Congresses of 1893 will not be lost. The movement of
which they are apart holds the whole '’ orld in its em¬
brace, and will not cease till it shall have accomplished
the mandate of God to unite all the fjeoples of the
earth in “the bonds of peace and in righteousness of
life.” It is.because we have served His plans that suc¬
cess has crowned our efforts.
The last session of the World’s Congress season is
now to close. As we say “good bye”—that tenderest
form of the invocation, “God be with you”—let us re¬
call, \yith grateful hearts, a few of the golden expres¬
sions in w'hich judgment upon our work has been jn’o-
nounced by judges comfietent to jiass upon its merits.
“The World’s Congresses of 1893 have advanced the
thought of the world tifty years.”
_ “The proceedings of these congresses mark a new era
in literature, by their wealth of thought and felicity of
expression gathered from all parts of the world.”
“These Congresses will exercise a [lowerful influence
on mankind for centuries to come.”
“The Parliament of Religions is the most wonderful
event since the time of Christ.”
THE WORLD’S CO^^GRESS OF RELIG¬
IONS.
It is an old saying, ‘‘that there is nothing new
under the sun,” but this will answer no longer as
a truism, because it has been demonstrated that
a great many new things have grown out of the
great Columbian Exposition of 1893. It is
hardly necessary, in a work of this kind, to
attempt any special argument in support of
such an assertion, because almost every page of
this history shows that there are many things
in the world never seen before.
The idea that everything which exists, as the
result or planning of man, had its foundation
or suggestion from some previous thought
would, without question, be true, but it must be
conceded that progression is the law of life and
X^rogression means that our thoughts must not
remain stationary, but constantly improve in
essence and quality. If above statement is true,
it necessarily xn’oves that there must constantly
be a change in our lives and as constantly new
thoughts and things in the world.
In different ages of the past there have been
gatherings of wise and x)ure men, who were im¬
pressed with the inq^ortance and value to the
world of the religious doctrines or sacred books
in which they beleived, but it remained for this
age and year to suggest and bring together
the leading thinkers of all religions.
It would be a most difficult task, if not abso¬
lutely imijossible, to even axqn’oximately estimate
the beneficial results of this great “Congress of
Religions.” Great in the character and stand-
'ng of the rex)resentatives, who came as official
mcuthpieces of the sects they represented; great
in the number of these representatives and great
in the wide-spread interest their sessions at¬
tracted.
Think, if you please, of the many millions of
people in the world and then consider that
nearly all of these millions of people have some
form of religion, and you are ready for this
thought, that it is a wonderful thing to bring
representatives of all these different religions
to the garden city of America, in almost the very
center of the country, and here, from a common
platform, hear them give what, to each one,
seemed to be a good reason for their faith or
belief.
It must be conceded by every good thinker
that man is by nature a religious being, not that
all men are believers in the formulated creeds
or dogmas made by man; but rather, that they
all believe in a Sux)reme power and instinctively
worship that x)ower or intelligence, in some form
or other. The belief in God, is almost, if not
quite, universal, and it matters little what name
or term may be used to designate this being of
unlimited power, omniscience and wisdom, it is
the desire of every right-thinking jperson to
name and worship) God according to their high¬
est concexition.
It has often been said, that every system, of
religion on earth was an absolute necessity for
the x^eoxfie, because it required all the different
forms of belief, creeds and dogmas in order that
every x^crson might find among them some
thought that would suggest the greater thought
of God which they contained.
Every x^erson, who attended the parliament
of religions, was imx^ressed wifli this, that, in
reality, the x^eoxde of the world were nearer to¬
gether in their religious thought than had been
believed.
It is no doubt true that no two people in the
world think exactly alike on any number of
subjects, and if it could be found that even any
two i)eox:)le were of the same mind, their ex¬
pression of the thought would hardly be the
same, and hence we have such a widesx3read
unity and variety in the discussion of all ques¬
tions.
If it was possible to ascertain what the earli¬
est form of religious belief in the world really
was, it, would x)robably be found that all systems
of religion were in a greater or less degree pat¬
terned from it, but antedating history, or tradi¬
tion, it is generally understood among scholars
that some forms of religious belief were in vogue.
When we consider the many forms or systems
of religion that now exist and then consult our
encycloxDoedias for a descrix^tion of the histori¬
cal religions that have been sux:)xfianted by some
of the present existing ones, we are nearly ready
for the thought that the leaven of this great
Congress of Religions, may so leaven the entire
thought of the world, as to result in the read¬
justment of the present beliefs, so that all
people may unite in the simple but all inclusive
belief of the fatherhood of God and brother¬
hood of man.
It should be stated that the originator of the
idea of holding a series of world’s congresses,
that should embrace the discussion of all scien¬
tific and religious beliefs, was first publicly
mentioned by Mr. C. C. Bonney, who was after¬
wards commissioned to arrange for such
congresses.
Committees were appointed to have special
charge of the various congresses to be rep¬
resented and Rev. John Henry Barrows, D.D.,
of Chicago was made chairman of the commit¬
tee on religions.
The attendance at these congresses was very
large, filling the largest hall in the new Art
Institute on the lake front and included many of
the representative thinkers of the world.
This Congress of Religions first convened
September 11, 1898, and was called to order by
President C. C. Bonney, who made an excellent
address. Among other things he said:
He who believes that God has revealed himself more
fully in his religion than in any other, can not do other¬
wise than desire to bring that religion to the knowledge
of all men, with an abiding conviction that the God
who gave it will preserve, protect and advance it, in
every expedient way. And hence he will welcome eveiy
just opportunity to come into fraternal relations with
men of other creeds, that they may see in his upright
life the evidence of the truth and beauty of his faith,
and be thereby led to learn it and be helped heaven¬
ward by it. _ ., . -1 . . 1 .
When it pleased God to give me the idea of the
World’s Congress of 1893, there came with that idea a
profound conviction that their crowning glory should
be a fraternal conference of the world’s religions. Ac¬
cordingly, the original announcement of the World’s
Congress scheme, which was sent by the government
of the United States to all other nations, contained,
among other great themes to be considered, “The
grounds for fraternal union in the religions of different
people.”
Dr. Barrows, cbairmau of tbe committee, fol¬
lowed with an address of power and eloquence,
in wliicli lie said:
I should not use the word “if” in speaking of the
outcome of this Congress of Religions, since, were it de¬
creed that our sessions should end this day, the truth¬
ful historian would say that the idea'”hich has inspired
and led this movement; the idea whose beauty and
force has drawn you through those many thousand
miles of travel, that this idea has been so flashed be-
fore the eyes of men that they will not for^^et it, and
that our meeting this morning has become a new,
great fact in the historic evolution of the race which
will not be obliterated.
Every library in the land will have the coin-
Xilete text of all addresses that followed and it
will be impossible to give more than a few ex¬
tracts from the remarks of foreign delegates.
Most Rev. Dionysios Latas, Archbishop, of
Zante :
\11 men have a common Creator without any distinc¬
tion between the rich and poor, the ruler and the ruled;
all men have a common Creator, without any distinc-
tion of clime or race, without distinction of nationality
or ancestry, of name or nobility; all men have a com¬
mon Creator and consequently a common father in
God.
P. 0. Mozeomdar, rextresenting the Brahrno
Somaj, of India :
In prehistoric times our forefathers worshipped the
great liying Spirit. God, and, after many strange vicis¬
situdes. we Indian theists, led by the light of ages,
worship the same living Spirit, God, and none other.
Right Rev. Renchi Shabita, Shinto Bisliox^ of
Jax)an :
In the history of the past we read of repeated and
fierce conflicts between different religious creeds, which
sometimes ended in war. But that time has x>assed
away and things have changed with advancing civili¬
zation. It is a great blessing, not only to the religicnis
themselves, but also to human affairs, that the differ¬
ent religionists can thus gather in a friendly way and
exchange their thoughts and opinions on the impor¬
tant problems of the age.
Count Bernstorff, of Germany:
We can not deny that we who meet in this xmrlia
ment are separated by great and imx)ortant x)rincij)les.
We admit that these differences can not be bridged
over, but we meet, believing everybody lias the right to
his faith.
Archbishox) Redwood, of New Zealand:
We find in all religions a number of truths that are
the foundation, the bed rock of all morality, and we see
them in the various religions throughout the world.
We can surely without sacrificing one jiointof Catholic
morality or of truth admire those truths reveak'd in
some manner by God.
H. Dliarmax)ala, of Ceylon:
I bring to you the good wishes of 47.5,000,000 of Bud
dhists, the blessings and peace of the religious founder
of that system which has prevailed so many centuries
in Asia.
Swami Vivekananda, of Bombay, India;
I fervently hojie that the bell that tolled this morn
ing in honor of this convention will be the death knell
to all fanaticism, to all i)ersecutions with the sword of
the pen, and to all uncharitable feelings between
persons wending their way to the same goal.
Dr. Adolf Brodbock, of Hanover, Germany.
We believe that many things in our civilization are,
and will be, imperfect. But it is unwise to change or
abolish something as long as wo are unable to i)ut
something decidedly better instead.
Dr. W. C. Roberts, of New York:
The brotherhood of man is to me a most pi’ccious
thought. It has been my pleasure to travel over the
four quarters of the globe, to mingle with a large num¬
ber of nationalities, and I have found, in all of them,
something to admire, something to emulate, and, among
them, many to love. And, therefore, I take great inter¬
est in this religious congress, where I have the pleasure
of seeing the representatives of different nationalities
Kinza Ringe, M. Harai, Jaxxaiiese Buddliist:
If any religion teaches injustice to humanity, I will
oppose it, as I ever have oi)po8ed it, with my blood and
soul. I will be the bitterest dissenter from Christianity,
or I will be the warmest admirerof its gospels. We, the
40,000,000 souls of Japan, standing firmly and xjersist-
ently uj)on the basis of international justice, await still
further manifestations as to the morality of Christ¬
ianity.
Rev. Samuel Warren, Swedenborgian:
Man was created to be a free and willing agent of the
Lord to bless his kind; his true haxjpiness comes not in
seeking happiness for himself, but in seeking to pro¬
mote the happiness of others, where all are animated
by this desire, all ace mutually and recijn-ocally blest.
Jinanji Jamshodji M(xH, of l7idia:
The Parsecs are a people who have chosen to relin¬
quish their venerable ancestors’ homesteads rather than
abandon their ancient religion, the founder of which
lived no less than two thousand years ago. A i)eo{)le
who, for a thousand years, have formed in the midst of
the great Hindu x>eople, not unlike an island in the
sea, a quiet, sej)arate and distinct nation,is pc^culiar and
remarkable. As for its race, so for its religions and so¬
cial life and customs.
Cardinal Gibbons, of Baltimore :
We live and move and have our being in the midst of
a civilization, which is the legitimate offB])ring of the
Catholic religion. The blessings resulting from our
Christian civilization are i)oured out so regularly and
so abundantly on the intellectual, moral and social
world, like the sunlight and the air of heav<m, and the
fruits of the earth, that they have ceased to excite any
surprise except to tho8('- who visit lands where the reli¬
gion of Christ is little known.
The quotations alxove given are only such as
would meet with general accei)tance, or at least
not be considered as objectional, coming from
the xx'U'ties whose names are given. It would
be manifestly imxu’oxjer to have giveii short
extracts from the doctrinal J Ihe e.ssays
read, because a ijartial statement of doctrine
wanild not be just to any of the large number
of speakers.
rAATPTWJJ.’S nJ.rSTRATKl) HISTORY OF THE WORLD'S COLURRIAX EXPOSITION,
5f)2
EDUCATIONAL EXHIBIT AT THE EX¬
POSITION.
In a broad sense the entire Exposition was
the greatest educational instiiiition ever erected
and in a still broader sense it was the most
elaborate cnrriculuni of study the world has
ever seen; Imt the purpose of this work is to give
each branch or group of exhil)its special men¬
tion, therefore tlie department of education
should occui)y a ])romine)it place.
The main ohjt'cl of holding Hmse periodical
displays, illustrating the accoinplisluHl po.ssibili-
ties of the human family, is for tin' increased
education f)f the peoj)h' in the various lines of
applied art, science and manufactures, as well as
to show the new developments, successes, culti¬
vation and products of the soil.
The Columbian Exposition will live on the
pag‘:'s (d history, as being a great cf)smopolitan
the first treatise on the subject of education,
but as he died about the year 350 B. C. his
followers have had abundant opportunity to
increase and improve in all educaticiial lines.
Group 149 of the Liberal Arts department
contained thirteen separate chesses of exhibits
and included elementary instruction, infant
schools and kindergartens, with methods of in¬
structions; primary schools, scliool houses, fur¬
niture apparatus and fittings, models and
appliances for teaching, text books, diagrams,
examjfies of woi'k, models and apparatus for
teaching cookery, housework, needle work, em¬
broidery, dressmaking, artificial flower making,
j)ainting on silk, crockery, etc.; iiidustiial tiain-
ing school for girls, handicraft teaching foi
boys;apparatus and fittings for elementary trade
schools; apparatus and models for elementaly
science instruction, such as chemistry, physics,
mechanics etc.; with diagrams, copies, speci-
ers, Canada eight, Denmark four,Germany fifty,
one. Great Britain eight. Italy five, Jamaica
four, Japan twenty-three, Norway six, Sweden
nine.
These exhibits contained models and pupils
work in metal, wood, leather, porcelain, glass
and clay, articles in steel, chased, etched and
forged, normal school apparatus, needle work,
drawings, photograi>hs, with rules and regala,
tions for government of schools, plastic groups
^and models for school Imildings with charts,
maps and books of instruction.
The following states made a full educational
exhibit appropriating the following sums for
the purpose: Arkansas, $300; Colorado, $2,500;
California, $5,000; Connecticut, $1,300; Florida,
$750; Indiana, $0,000; Iowa, $5,584; Illinois,
$30,000; Idaho, $ 000 ; Kansas, $1,000; Kentucky,
0 ***. Maine, $2,000; Maryland, $*^'‘'^; Massa¬
chusetts, $45,000; Michigan, $15,000; Minnesota,
MODELS OF THE ANCIENT RACES, ETHNOLOGICAL EXHIBIT, WORLD'S FAIR.
college, graduating t'very visitor to a higher,
better and mort' useful life of endeavor for the
benefit of the world.
The Liberal Arts department covered a wide
field and embraced the various groups of physi¬
cal development, training and conditit)u,
hygiene, instruments and apparatus of medi¬
cine and surgery, instruments of precission,
experiment, research and photography, civil
engineering, public works anti constructive
architecture, government, law, commerce, trade
and banking, social, industrial and co-operative
institutions, religious organizations and systems,
music and musical instruments, as well as prim¬
ary, secondary and superior education, literature,
books, libraries, journalism,.and institutions and
organizations for the increase and diffusion of
knowledge.
It has been said that Plato was the author of
mens of school work; apparatus, models and
fittings for elementary art instruction, with dia¬
grams, copies, text books and specimens of art
work, modeling etc.; technical and appren¬
ticeship schools, with models for fitting up
industrial schools; elementary instruction of
Indians, for the deaf, dumb, blind, feeble mind¬
ed and illiterate; public schools with methods
of instruction; academies, high schools, colleges
and universities with descriptive courses of
study; professional schools such as theology,
law, medicine, surgery, dentistry, pharmacy,
)nining, engineering, agriculture, mechanic arts;
art and design, military, naval, normal, com¬
mercial and music.
The United States contributed 277 separate
exhibits to this group. Austria 11 exhibits
showing models, drawings and apparatus for
general instruction. Belgium had two exhibit-
$10,000; Missouri, $0,000; Montana, $2,000;
Nebraska, $4,500; New Hampshire, $950; New
Jersey, $0,000; New York, $ New Mexico,
$000; North Dakota, $1,250; Ohio, $5,500;
Oregon, $4,000; Pennsylvania, $7,500; Rhode
Island, $5,100; West Virginia,$2,200; Utah,$500;
Wisconsin, $4,800.
Ill addition to these special and full state
exhibits, every prominent xirivate school, college
and university in the country was represented,
so that many states had in reality several ex¬
hibits, among these w^ere the following: Alliance
Israelite Universelle, New York showing com¬
mon, technical and trade school products.
Amherst College, Amherst, Mass.; photographs,
plans, books, etc. Arch-diocese of Chicago, a
full educational exhibit. Art Institute of Chi¬
cago, drawings, paintings, modeled work an
statuary. Art Students League of New York,
CAM??>E]j;S TLLrSTRATEl) IITSTORY OF THE WORLD’S COLIT^IRIAN EXPOSITION.
students’ work. Atlanta University, Atlanta,
Georgia; industrial work, photographs, charts,
etc. Baltimore Manual Training School, Balti¬
more, Md.; students’ work. Beloit College,
Beloit, Wis.; photographs, history of college, etc.
Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine; photo-
grai)hs, drawings ami books. Brothers of the
Christian Schools; Educational Exhibit from
European schools. Brown University, Provi¬
dence, R. I.; jjhotographs, course of study and
specimens of mechanical work. Bryn Mawr
College, Bryn Mawr, Pa.; models, publications
and xjhotographs. Bryn Mawr School, Balti¬
more, Md.; school work. Carleton College,
Northtield, Minn.; steller x)hotograxjhy, charts,
views, etc. Central Church Mission, Chicago;
kindergarten work. Central Tennessee College,
Nashville, Tenn.; students’ work. Chautauqua
System of Education, Buffalo, N. Y.; showing
publications, study jiai^ers, i)hotographs, etc.
Deaf schools; collective exhibits from Colorado
Siwings, Col.; Hartford, Conn.; Washington,
D. C.; Englewood, Ill.; Indianaixdis, Ind.;
Olathe, Kan.; Danville, Ky.; Frederick City,
Md.; Northliauq^ton, Mass.; Flint, Mich.; Fari¬
bault, Minn ; Omaha, Neb.; Trenton, N J.;
Buffalo, N. Y.; Fordham, N. Y.; Washington
Heights, N. Y.; Cincinnati, O,; Edgewood Park,
Pa.; Scranton, Pa.; Cedar Si)rings, S. C.; Dele-
van, AVis.; Salt Lake City, Utah.
De Pauw University, Greencastle, Ind.; books,
charts, etc. Drexel Institute of Arts, Science
and Industry, Philadelxffiia; xjliotograxffis, draw¬
ing, instruction, etc. Feeble-minded Schools,
collective exhibits from schools at Glen Ellen,
Cal.; Lakeville, Conn.; Lincoln, Ill.; Fort Wayne,
Ind.; Glenwood, la.; Frankfort, Ky.; Font Hill,
Md.; Barre, Mass.; Waverly, Mass.; Faribault,
Minn.; Beatrice. Neb.; A^ineland, N. J.; Syra¬
cuse, N. Y.; Columbus, O.; Elwyn, Pa.; Van-
charts, books, etc. Iowa State Normal School,
Cedar Falls, la.; school exhibit. Jewish Train¬
ing School, Chicago, Ill.; shoi^ work, drawing,
literary work, etc. John Hox)kins University,
Baltimore, Md.; books, photograiJis, drawings,
etc., illustrating its work. Kansas State Agri¬
cultural College, Manhattan, Kan.; students
work, views, drawings, etc. Kansas State Nor¬
mal School, Enqioria, Kan.; students’ work.
Maine State College, Orono, Me.; collections,
analyses, shop work, etc.
Manual Training School of Washington Uni¬
versity, St. Louis, Mo.; drawings and shop work.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston;
books, theses, axq)aratus, shoji work, etc.
Massachusetts State Normal Schools; collective
exhibit from schools at Bridgewater, Framing¬
ham, Salem, Westfield and Worcester. Michi¬
gan State Normal School, Ypsilanti, Mich.;
students’ work.
EXHIBIT OF ORNAMENTAL LAWN DESIGNS IN THE HORTICULTURAL DEPARTMENT AT THE EXPOSITION.
Chicago Manual Training School, students
work. Chicago College of Pharmacy, materia
medica, ax)paratus and literature. Chicago Free
Kindergarten Association, work of children and
normal class. Cincinnati Technical School,
Cincinnati, O.; students’ work. Claflin Univer¬
sity, Orangeburg, S. C., Clark L^niversity,
Atlanta, Ga., Clark LTniversity, Worcester. Mass.
Colgate University, Hamilton, N. Y.; showing
university work, publications, etc.
Colorado State Agricultural College, Ft. Col¬
lins, Col.; drawings, manual and laboratory work.
Colorado State Normal School, Greeley, Col.;
manuscrif)ts, charts, sloyd work, etc. Colorado
State School of Mines, Golden, Col.; drawings,
publications, photograiJis, etc. College of New
Jersey, Princeton, N. J.; books, manuscripts,
models and x)hotographs. Columbia College,
New York; publications, statistics, etc.
couver, Wash.; Orilla, Out. Franklin College,
Franklin, Ind.; manuscripts, apparatus, etc.
Girls’ Classical School, Indianax3olis, Ind.;
school work.
Hahnemann Medical College and Hospital,
Philadelphia; anatomical sf)ecimens, views of
college, etc. Hamilton College, Clinton, N. Y.;
books, astronomical charts, etc. Hamlin Uni¬
versity, St. Paul, Minn.; photograi^hs, charts,
written work, books, etc. Hampton Norihal
and Agricultural Institute, Hampton, Va.;
educational and technological work of colored
and Indian students. Harvard University,
Cambridge, Mass.; charts,photograiihs,publica¬
tions, etc. Indiana State Normal School, Val¬
paraiso, Ind.; maps, charts, etc. Indian
Industrial School, Carlisle, Pa.; work, photo¬
graphs, courses of study, etc.
Indiana University, Bloomington, Ind.; maps,
Michigan Agricultural College, Mich.; pro¬
ducts of fields, shox)S, laboratories, class-rooms,
etc. Milton Bradley Company, Springfield,
Mass.; kindergarten materials, manual training
materials, scientific materials, drawing materials.
Minneaiiolis School of Fine Arts, MinneaixJis,
Minn.; students’ work. Minnesota State Nor¬
mal Schools, collective exhibit from schools at
Mankato, Moorhead, St. Cloud and Winona.
Mt. Holyoke College, S(3uth Hadley, Mass.;
history, photograi)hs, students’ work, etc.
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston; students’ work.
National Catholic Educational Exhibit. Na¬
tional Eclectic Medical Association, Chicago,
books, diiJomas, medicines, etc. National
Kindergarten Normal Institute, Washington,
D. C.; children’s work Nebraska State Uni¬
versity, Lincoln, Neb.; laboratory exhibit, views,
charts, etc. New York College for the tiaining
r)()4
CAMPBELL’S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE WORLD’S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION,
of teachers, New York; graduated course in
manual training. New York State Normal
Schools, collective exhibit from schools at Cort¬
land, Fredonia, Oneonta, Oswego and Platts-
burg.
New York Trade Schools, New York; students’
work, courses of instruction, etc. Oberlin Col¬
lege, Oberlin, ().; views, diagrams, books, etc.
Ogontz School, Ogontz, Pa.; pictures, casts,
specimens, schedules, etc, Ohio Normal Uni¬
versity, Ada, O.; students’ work. Ohio Wesleyan
University, Delaware, O.; students’W(n-k. Pen-^
nsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, Philadelphia;
students’ work. Pennsylvania Museum and
School of Industrial Art, Philadelphia;students’
work. Pennsylvania State College, Penn.; his¬
tory, maps, apparatus, students’ work, etc,
Pemiylvania State Normal Schools; collect¬
ive exhibit from schools of Bloomsburg, Indiana,
Kutztown, Slippery Rock and West Chester.
Philadelphia; drawings, paintings, wood and
metal work,-etc. St. Johns College, Annapolis,
Md.; student’s work, photographs, catalogues, etc.
Toledo Manual Training School, Toledo, Ohio;
shop work, exercises, sewing, drawings, photo¬
graphs, etc. Tufts College, Alass.; photographs,
charts, etc. University of Michigan, Ann
Arbor, Mich.; plans, photographs, publication
works, etc. University of Minnesota, Minne¬
apolis, Minn.; photographs, charts, students’
work, etc.
University of the South, Sewanee, Term.;
photographs of buildings. University of Oregon,
Eugene, Ore.; catalogues, pliotograxrhs, dia¬
grams, etc. University of Pennsylvania, Phila¬
delphia; maps, publications, collections, etc.
University of the City of New York, New York;
maps, apparatus, models, photographs, etc. Uni¬
versity of the State of Missouri, Columbia, Mo.;
students’ work. University of the State of New
I Baltimore, Baltimore, Md.; art collection, clieini-
cal preparations, models, views, etc. Woman’s
Medical College of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia-
photographs, etc. Y^ale University, New Haven
Conn.; maps, photograidis, books, models, etc.
It has been well said that ‘‘the student is to
read history actively and not passively, to
esteem his own life the text, and books the com¬
mentary. Thus compelled the muse of history
will utter oracles^ as never to those who do not
respect themselvd'S. I have no ext)ectation that
any man will read history aright, who thinks
that what was done in a remote age by men
whose names have resounded far, has any deeper
sense than what he is doing to-day,”
THE TWO LIBERTY BELLS.
To the patriotic jjeoxtle of the United States
MEETING OF THE OLD AND THE NEW LIBERTY BELLS AT THE EXPOSITION.
Philadelphia School of Design for women,
Philadelphia students work. Polytechnic In¬
stitute, Brooklyn N, Y.; drawings, photographs,
manuscripts etc, Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, N.
Y.; manual work, science teaching, industrial
and fine art, technical and trade work, literary
work.
Pardue University, La Fayette, Ind.; shop-
work, models, apparatus, theses, etc. Rensselaer
Polytechnic Institute, Troy, N. Y.;work of stud¬
ents and graduates. Ripon College, Ripon,
W is.; photographs, students work, catalogues, etc.
Rochester Athenaeum and Mechanics Institute,
Rochester N. Y.;drawings, paintings, modeling,
etc. School of Fine Art, Jacksonville, Ill.;
students’ work. School of industrial art and
technical design for women. New York,
Smith College, Northampton,Mass.; pictures
and pamphlets. Spring Garden, Institute,
York; system of incorporation and supervision.
Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.; photo¬
graphs, books, methods, etc.
Wellesley College, Wellesley, Mass.; photo¬
graphs, charts, etc. Western University of Penn¬
sylvania, Allegheny, Pa,; photographs and publi¬
cations. Wilberforce University, Wilberforce,
Ohio; model of university building containing
literary and industrial exhibit. Willamette Uni¬
versity, Salem, Ore,; student’s work. Williams
College, Williamstown, Mass.; photographs,
books, instuments. etc. Wisconsin State Nor¬
mal Schools; collective exhibit from shcools at
Milwaukee, Oshkosh, Platteville, River Falls
and W hitewater. Wisconsin State University,
Madison, Wis.; work of students and graduates,
photogra 2 )hs, etc.
Woman’s Art School of Cooper Union, New
York; students’ work. Woman’s College of
the two Liberty Bells at the Exposition were of
great interest. The old bell, brought from In¬
dependence Hall, Philadelphia, for the purjjose
of being exhibited at the Exposition, was the
center of attraction at all times. Then the idea
of a new bell, which should also proclaim liberty
to all the inhabitants of the earth, was conceived
and carried out by the patriotic citizens of the
country.
The new bell, which occupied a position on
the plaza near the Administration building, was
rung on all special occasions, and on one oc¬
casion, both bells were to be seen there and
were symbolical of the new interest the coun¬
try and the whole civilized world was taking
in liberty and progress.
At the close of the Exposition the old bell
was returned to its home in Philadelphia, while
the new bell began a tour around the world.
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A MIDSUMMER AFTERNOON SCENE LOOKING NORTH FROM LOGGIA OF THE STOCK PAVILION, SHOMHNG
OBELISK, MACHINERY, AGRICULTURAL, MANUFACTURES
AND ELECTRICITY BUILDINGS.
500
CAMPBELL’S ILLLS^
live stock at the exposition.
August, September and Oeto))er were specially
interesting months at the Exi)ositi<jn, because
it was then that (he fanners and breeders were
having their exposition days of live stock. For
years it has l)een customary to have an
annual show of the products of the farm and
stock ranches at state, county or district fairs:
so it was decided to have an exhibition surpass¬
ing any ever before held, to form an important
part of the Columbian Exposition. In addition
to the comfortable and commodious sheds for
the housing of stock, a large pavilion was con¬
structed in amphitheater form at a cost of
$50,000. It was 800x440 feet, covered over three
acres of ground, and seated 6,0(X) people.
The statement need hardly be made that this
I)avilion was a very i^opular place, because it
would be hard to find any person who does not
PRATKl) HISTORY OF THE WORLD’S ('OLE
every variety known to breeaers, varying in
size from the small shoat to that monster hog
from Minnesota, weighing 1,850 pounds, the
largest ever exhibited. The display of sheej) as
to number, variety and excellence, was in every
way the best every made. Chickens, ducks,
geese, pheasa7its, pigeons, guinea fowls, swans
and turkeys were endless in variety and very
attractive.
It was freely claimed by the farmers, breeders
and fanciers of fine horses, cattle, sheep, hogs
and poultry, that this great international ex¬
hibition would give a new interest and impetus
to this important industry. The large display
of American-bred stock, in all the various lines,
clearly proved that this country could produce
as fine specimens as could be raised in any
country. The real wealth of a country being
estimated by its productions, not only from
the soil direct, but the necessary live stock for
LBIAX EXPOSITION.
all the best breeds of cattle, horses, sheep and
swine, as well as fowls, served to educate the
farmer to the superiority of tine stock and con
vinced him that it did not cost any more in the
end to raise the best than it did a mediocr,'^ class
the result from a commercial standpoint beim^
far in excess of what he obtains from stock o^f
inferior breed.
LOGGER'S EXHIBIT.
The exhibit of a “Logger’s Camp” and load
of Michigan pine logs in connection with the
saw mill exhibit at the Exposition, was an at¬
tractive feature, from the fact that it represented
a phase of life unfamiliar to a large majority of
those in attendance.
The camp was built of logs, in exact reproduc¬
tion of those in use in the pineries of that state
and other northern lumbering states. The in-
ARENA FOR EXHIBITING ]
admire the imported horse with his beautifully
proportioned limbs, tiowing mane, smooth coat
and sparkling eyes. Never before in the history
of the world has there been so many tine horses
from France, Russia, England, Canada and
every state of the union. Side by side could be
seen the famous Percherons, Clydesdales, Nor¬
ma us, Russian thoroughbreds and Shetland
ponies.
Tlie “cattle from a thousand hills” were not
all tliert', but the number was very large and
their excelhuit points were fully noted by
visitors as well as tlu' specially selected judges.
They included the Herfords, Shorthorns, Dur-
hams. Jerseys, Alxu’deen-Angus. One Short¬
horn bull was exhibited weighing 8.000 pounds,
and several others ranging from 2.000 to 2,800.
The exhibit of swine was very large, including
JZE STOCK, LIVE STOCK PAVILION, WORLD'l
food and use, it becomes a matter for general
congratulation, that the position of America as
a stock raising country is so well established.
The entire live stock exhibit will be long re¬
membered as the greatest display ever brought
together, and between $150,000 and $200,000
was distributed among the prize winners.
To show the importance of the live stock in¬
terests at the Exposition, the fact that the num¬
ber of exhibits was 4,080 is sufficient. This
large number included everything coming under
the head of live stock, necessary to every well
regulated farm, Allowing an average of $100 to
each of these exhibits, the total value of this ex¬
hibit would foot up to almost one-half million of
dollars.
The value of this exhibit to the future stock
raiser far exceeds that sum, as this collection of
5 COLUMBI,\N EXPOSITION.
terior contained the cooking utensils, and other
paraphernalia so familiar to all loggers, who
si:)end their winters in the woods. The load of
logs was a sample of the way in which they carry
them from the woods where they are cut and
trimmed, to the streams into which they are put
for tloating down to the mill in the spring.
These immense loads are built up by rolling the
logs up on skids, using oxen or horses to do the
heavy work. The load at the Exposition
weighed several tons, and similiar loads in the
pineries are moved by the combined power of
several yoke of oxen or spans of horses, it only
being possible to do so with sleds and at times
when there is plenty of snow. Such iminense
loads would be impossible to move on bare
ground or wagons, and could hardlj^ be loaded
on anything but sleds.
(^\MPP>ELi;S ILLT STRATEI) HISTORY OF THE WORLD'S ('OLI MIUAN EXPOSITION.
-
EXHIBIT OF PRIZE CATTLE IN THE STOCK PAVILION. WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSIPION.
EXHIBIT OP
PRIZE HORSES IN THE STOCK PAVILION, WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
ELECTRICITY 15U1L1)ING, FACING SOUTH AND EAST. AS IT APPEARED DURING MID-SUMMER DAYS. MACMONNIES^ FOUNTAIN AND MINING BUILDING AT THE LEFT.
AN EXTENDED VIEW OP THE MACHINERY HALL, SHOWING THE GRAND ENTRANCES AT THE NORTH AND THE EAST SIDES OF THE BUILDING
570
(lA^IOBKLL’S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE WORLD’S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
ALFRED BENNEDICT KING,
COMMISSIONER FROM LIBERIA TO THE WORLD’S FAIR.
ALFRED BENNEDICT KING.
Mr. Alfred Bennedict Kiiij^ is
really one of the most remarkable
men of the age. Although a na¬
tive of America, for he was born
in Augusta, Georgia, in 1851,
and surrounded by those condi¬
tions and environments which
tend to reduce man to a humble
and degraded position, he has
risen superior and is now a living
example of ennobled manhood and
successful prominence. When
but a child of seven, his family
removed to Liberia, and it was
there that he was tilled wdth
thoughts of freedom and liberty,
and as the years grew on, his
dream for his down-trodden race
bi'came a reality. He became an
intelligent, cultured gentleman;
was given the best of educa¬
tional advantages, and when he
had arrived at manhood’s estate,
became principal of the Clay-Ash-
land high school.
• He began to search for a broader
and more extended field of thought,
which was realized in the news¬
paper world, and the Observer, of
Alonrovia, knows him as its able
editor.
In 1891, Mr. King was elected
national senator of Liberia, which
office he holds for four years. His
official work has been very sat¬
isfactory, and for the remainder
of his term much is looked for.
When the Exposition was
definitely arranged Liberia ap¬
pointed Mr. King as her senior
commissioner and he at once set
about arousing an interest, and
from that time on began collecting
and securing the large and inter¬
esting exhibit which is now lo¬
cated in the xVgricultural building
at the World’s Fair. He has care¬
fully selected his extensive and in¬
structive exhibit, and its arrange¬
ment is artistic and complete.
Mr. King talks enthusiastically
of the country, and projjhesies a
glorious future for his people.
He has one of the finest resi¬
dences in Clay-Ashland city where
he resides with his family.
Air. King married Aliss Lane, of
Cape Palmas, in the southern ex¬
tremity of the country. Bheisalady
of culture and a native of Liberia.
In speaking of her he says there
are no nobler or more gentle and
refined women in the world than
his wife. C
Air. King will remain at the
Exposition until its close, and the
visitor will always find him court¬
eous and graciously attentive.
He hopes to bring Liberia in
touch with the American people
by a personal supervision of the
instructive exhibit made at the
Exposition of the natural products
of the country.
AYILLIAAI ELAIENDORF
ROTHERY.
Air. William Elmendorf Roth-
ery, a gentleman well-known in
business circles of this county
and Europe, represents Liberia
at the W orld’s Fair. Althougli
comparatively a young man. Air.
Rothery has had connections with
some of the largest firms in the
United States. He was born in
New York City and received a
careful and extensive collegiate
education, but upon emerging
from college he preferred an act¬
ive business life, and almost iin-
mediately began his commercial
career.
Air Rothery, on the maternal
side, is a direct descendant of
Captain Lawrence, of “ Chesa¬
peake ” fame, and numbers in his
ancestry many influential Amer¬
ican families. After some years
of residence in New York City he
went to Philadelphia where he es¬
tablished the large and successful
house of Rothery, Randolph & Co.,
having connections all over the
world. Air. Rothery has taken an
enthusiastic interest in the Libe¬
rian exhibit, and will spend the
entire term of the Columbian Expo¬
sition at the Fair grounds, de¬
voting his time and attention to
to the interests of that country.
In 1887 Air. Rothery was ap¬
pointed consul of Liberia, at Phila¬
delphia, which office he still holds,
having performed his duties most
thoroughly and acceiAable. In
1892 he was appointed commission¬
er to the World’s Columbian Expo¬
sition, since wdiicli time he has
given much attention to the far-
reaching and extensively in’actical
exhibit from both the civilized
and savage people of Liberia.
Air. Rothery is a bachelor and
a gentleman of courtly bearing
ami is kindly attentive to all who
loause to examine this interesting
exhibit.
LIBERIAN EXHIBIT.
In the northwest corner of Agricul¬
tural building is the exhibit from Li¬
beria. It consists of both raw and man¬
ufactured articles, native implements
and utensils of all kinds. Its coffee ex-
liibit is first and foremost. By cultiva¬
tion the original berry has developed a
new species, called by experts “Coffea
Liberica.” It is shown in all stages, the
object being to introduce it to the world.
Being a stronger coffee than any other
kind grown, it is used' as a mixture for
the weaker coffees. The trade iu this
product will receive a great stimulation
by the splendid exhibit made, and the
manner in which its superiority over
other coffees is shown.
The cocoa display is next in import¬
ance, in which this country takes the
lead. An extensive exhibit of palm oil
is made, and an enormous trade is done
with Europe in this oil. As a salad oil
it is superior to olive oil. Liberia ranks
among the first countries in the world
in this industry. Many specimens of
dye-woods are shown, chief among which
is camwood, from which a brilliant scar¬
let dye is obtained. Rubber is also a
new product of this country and is
shown in its crude state. Seven kinds
of fibers are shown, the piassova, palm,
bamboo, manilla, beach, banana and
pineapple, from which brushes, baskets
and hats are made and exhibited.
The walls of the pavilion are covered
with skins of various animals, native to
the country, among them being tigers,
leopards, tiger-cats, monkeys, baboons,'
rhinosceros, and many others. The
skins of two huge snakes are also seen,
one a boa-constrictor, the other a cas-
sada, the only venomous snake in Liberia.
Houses, utensils, weapons and other
curios of the natives are seen in abun¬
dance, all making an attractive and in¬
teresting exhibit. There are specimens
of corn, peanuts, dates, niahogany,ebony,
rosewood, black gum, piasava palm,
which is said to be the shittim-wood
of the scripture, specimens of gold ore
and soil, iron ore, stuffed birds, rubies,
emeralds, and a fine class of crystals,
and also a large collection of ornaments,
once worn by natives of royal birth and
the common peasant.
In the backgi’ound of the exhibit is
shown a hut made of bamboo and
thatched with poplar leaves; a rude
door is the only opening. It demon¬
strates the abode of the native in his
savage state. In the foreground is seen
a tasty and commodious dwelling house
which is soon adopted and built by the
native after he has become civilized.
AATLLIAaI ELAIENDORF ROTHERA",
LIBERIAN COMMISSIONER TO THE WORLD’S FAIR
571
(\\:\IPI}ELi;S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE AVORLD'S OOLU
PROGRESS OF THE AA^ORLU AS SHOAA^N
AT THE EXPOSITION.
It is not the intention or purpose in this
article to mention a great many things that
will readily occur to the mind of any reader as
indicating the world’s march to the tune of pro¬
gress, but a few things require mention simply
for the purpose of suggesting the thought.
The history of all past ages proves that each
succeeding epoch of time has been an improve¬
ment over the years j)i'^ceding, and it is be¬
cause of this evidence of constant improvement
that all philosophers now agree that the life of
man is progressive in its nature and character.
It would be comparatively easy to show that
all men are not living up to their highest privi¬
leges and do not, in their lives, show tlie pro¬
gression which is their birthright; this, how-
and frugal people that ever lived, but we also
have examples of bigotry, superstition and
cruelty, such as the iiages of history would be
searched in vain to equal.
The linal separation of the United States
from the Mother Country by the war of inde¬
pendence developed a great many thousand
men, and so brought them into prominence, as
to show ability and characteristics which they
were not conscious of possessing, and when the
war was finally ended, after a series of irials,
disappointments and privations almost incon¬
ceivable, these men were returned to their sev¬
eral homes, after having passed through such a
fiery furnace of discipline, fully prepared to
battle with any succeeding trial they might
have.
It may be properly claimed that the real pro¬
gress of America dates from the ringing of that
MHTAN EXPOSITION.
the wealth of knowledge, the result of which
will give increased impetus to every line of im¬
provement.
It is not too much to claim that the Colum¬
bian Exposition has demonstrated and shown
the accom]_)lishments of man, from the earliest
day of recorded history to the present time, and
it is only by such periotlieal expositions that
the skill and cunning of man is brought to the
attention of the people of the world, in such a
way as to serve as educators of all.
CHILDREN AT THE EXPOSITION.
After five months’ discussion, deliberation
and procrastination the AA'orld's Fair manage¬
ment finally passed a rule permitting children
to enter the Exposition grounds, after October
lOtl), for ten cents.
EXHIBIT MADE BY LIBERIA IN THE AGRICULTURAL DEPARTMENT.
ever, does not necessarily alter or qualify the
statement that the people of the world, as a
whole, are constantly progressing in every line
of improvement.
Wdien Columbus discovered America, or
rather a few small islands, lying off the southern
coast of this great continent, he found them
inhabited by bands of naked and ignorant sav¬
ages, and it is perhaps true that the descend¬
ants of that people have not shown very much
improvement over their ancestors; but, even in
their case, it might be claimed that a slight ad¬
vance in the line of civilization can be seen.
Coming down to the first settlement of this coun¬
try and remembering the life of the sturdy
farmers, who settled from the Mayflower, on the
rocky hillsides of New England, we have his¬
torical examples of the most industrious, brave
Liberty Bell in Philadelphia in I77fi, every note
of which indicated that a new era had been in¬
augurated that would in all future time have
an important bearing, not only on the people of
this country, but.of the world.
Since the promulgation of that masterpiece
of state documents, the Declaration of Inde¬
pendence, in which it was declared that ‘‘all
men were created free and equal,” the car of
universal progress has been moving with in¬
creased speed, and it is not too much to claim
that the moving of this chariot in America has
been heard and imitated around the world.
The Columbian Exposition has demonstrated
that the people of all countries are in the mov¬
ing tide of progressive improvement and the
world will realize that America has, by ex-
iffoiting this great Exposition, added greatly to
The rule whereby all children in charitable
institutions were permitted to go into the
grounds free when accompanied by guardians
was another victory for the friends of the little
ones. After that rule went into eff'ect the lives
of many poor and unfortunate boys and girls
in this land were made brighter by a glimpse
of that fairy land to be seen inside the gates of
the great “White City.”
In future years there will b(' many noble
men and women who will date their desire to
make something of themselves and fdtain a
position in this world from the time they were
able to visit the Cjlumbian Exposition and
view the wonderful creations of nature and man.
They were there fired with a chihlish ambition
to emulate the example of men who had
achieved success and honor.
"^^im^lUS.DESSA
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PHOT(3GIlAPH OF THE INTERIOR OF MACHINERY HALL, LOOKING WEST, SHOWING A SECTION OF THE GERMAN EXHIBIT.
SECCION MEXICANA EN EL PALACIO DE MAGUINARIA. (EXHIBIT MADE BY MEXICO IN THE MACHINERY HALL AT THE WORLD'S FAIR.)
OA^riMiELL’S nJA^STRATET) IHSTORY OF THE WORLTTS COLU:\IBIAN EXPOSITION.
574
NEW SOUTH WALES AT THE EXPOSE
TION.
Tlie New South Wales building occupied a
ground space of 4,320 scpiare feet; was 60x60
feet in size having a commodious j)orch, 12 feet
wide across the front. The roof of the portico was
supported by sixdoric columns. The building
was constructed of wood and covered with staff.
The offices and other rooms for use of tlie lega-
tioji were conveniently arranged. The five
courts were us('d for exhibition purposes.
Here were slnjwn stuffed specimens of all Aus¬
tralian birds with their beautiful plumage, a
fine exliibit by flie technical College of Sydney;
model of an Australian newspa})er. The Ethno¬
logical exhibit was very fine and might be called
a history of the aboriginals of the South Sea
Islands.
hibits of canned fish, oysters, etc., also mounted
aquatic birds and mammals.
In Alines and Alining building were 91 ex-
hibiters of minerals, ores, native gems, crystals,
building stone, clays, limestone and cements.
In Alachinery Hall were 6 exhibiters of fire
apparatus, printing machinery, lithography and
miscellaneous hand tools.
In Transi)ortation building were 13 exhibiters
showing a fine collection of photographs illus¬
trating the transportation facilities of New
South Wales.
In Alanufactures building were 38 exhibiters
showing chemicals, colors, dyes, stationery,
furniture, carvings, clothing, furs, leather, metal,
hardware and sanitary materials.
In Art Gallery were 20 exhibiters of paintings
in oil ami water colors.
In Liberal Arts department were 91 exhibiters
taay; James Alartin, O. C. Skarratt, Carl F
Fisher, members of the commission.
NEWSPAPER AIEN AT THE FAIR.
The number of newspaper correspondents and
reporters at the Columbian Exposition was
large beyond all precedent. At no previous
World's Fair was the itress represented by a fifth
or even a tenth, as many .special writers; and in
no country except the United States, would the
])ublic demand for information concerning the
Exposition keep busy so great an army of news-
gat lierers.
Foreign periodicals were numerously repre¬
sented. Germany had one hundred and twenty-
five accredited correspondents; England forty
France twenty-five; and Italy twenty. Austria
NEW SOUTH WALES BUILDINti AT THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN
A large number of photographs were shown
which gave an intelligent idea to all visitors of
Sidney and her surroundings. All the animals
of Australia were shown in a fine collection of
water color paintings.
The progressive spirit shown by this country
was wonderful. In almost every department
at the Exposition it was represented in some
form. The exhibits made in the Agricultural
and Alining departments was the best evidences
of their enterprise.
In Agricultural building were 305 exhibiters
showing wheat, oats, barley, rye, flour, maize,
sugar cane, honey, preserved meats, tobacco,
and a magnificent display of fine wool.
In Horticultural building were 41 exhibiters
showing various wines and dried fruits.
In Fisheries building were 10 collective ex-
illustrating education, litei'ature, photography,
civil engineering, law, commerce, knowledge,'
associations, statistics, music and musical in¬
struments.
In Anthropological building were 24 ex-
hibitits of Ethnological subjects and si)ecimens.
InFoiestry building were 12 exhibiters show¬
ing the native woods of Australia.
In \\ Oman’s building were 113 exhibiters
showing a great variety of woman’s work.
Dr. Arthur Renwick, executive commissioner;
Herbert J. Renwick, private secretary; Robert
Hudson, general superintendent; Thomas Pugh,
assistant general superintendent; Alexander
Bruce,superintendent Stock department; Joseph
E. Came, superintendent Alines; \V. Fitz-
william Terry, superintendent Liberal Arts;
Joseph F. AIcGuinness, assistant private secre-
EXPOSITION.
and Australia sent six each; and there were
twenty-five others, from Sweden, Norway,
Spain, Denmark, Belgium, Russia, Jai^an,
Turkey, Alexico and a few' other countries.', . . j
But the numbers from abroad sink into in¬
significance wdien compared with those from
the L nited States. Fully tw’o thousand persons,
men and w'omen, in the enqdoy not only of the
great dalies, weeklies and magazines of the large
cities, but of rural new'spajoers and school month¬
lies, from Alaine to New' Alexico.
On the aiternoon of the opening day of the
Fair, the foreign correspondents sent home to
Europe, by telegraph and cable, fully tw'enty
thousand words, or about fifteen columns of
matter. Alost of the foreign press, how’ever,
correspondents and artists, made u.se of the
mails for transmitting news and pictures.
CAMPBELL'S ILLESTEATED HISTOBY OE THE WORLFS COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
THE CLIMAX OF SUCCESS.
It has been said that most all enterprises
finally fail ot success, and in some respects it is
no doubt true that all large undertakings must
faiC because they are the ideals of men, and it
seems to be impossible for any man or set of
men to reach in practice their highest ideal.
The Columbian Expositioii was such a com¬
bination of ideals that i' would have been
If the entire fund had been subscribed by
the city of Chicago, or the government of the
LTnited States, it would be regarded as in every
particular successful, because the benefits to
the city as a wiiole, or to the nation, was far
more than sufficient to fully balance the expend¬
iture.
The only unfortunate feature of the whole
matter, was the inability of the management to
return the advances made by the thirty thousand
T) 7 5
would be so intinitesimally small as not to be
noticed and it would have been an equitable
thing to do.
AUSTRALIAN EUCALYPTUS OIL
EXHIBIT.
xVn interesting exhibit in the Agricultural
department was that made by the Eucalyptus
Oil Company, of Queensland, Australia. One
of the attractive features of the ('xhibit was the
AUSTRALIAN EUCALYPTUS OIL EXHIBIT, AGRICULTURAL DEPARTMENT.
simply impossible to have closed its gates and
be able to say that in every way it had proved
successful.
When considering the educational advantages
of the Exposition, as more than compensating
the stockholders for the money invested, which
is undoubtedly the proper way to look at it,
then indeed we have the very climax of success
in this Exposition.
stockholders, many of whom have not been in
the least benetitted.
It could not be expected that the results of
holding such a great International Exiiosition
could be secured without cost, but it would
certainly have been x^i’oper that this exjiense
should be distributed over the entire taxabh*
proiierty of the city, or if Congress should aj)-
liropriate the amount, the jier cajiita expense
large dis^ilay of animals and birds, native to
Australia, which were grouxied in the pavilion.
The Eucalyxitus trees are indigenous to Aus¬
tralia, and are commonly called “gum-trees” or
“stringy-bark trees” from the gummy or resin¬
ous X)r(xluct obtaiiK'd frcmi them. The exhibit
made was tin' x)ro(luct of this tre(', manufac¬
tured into a renu'dial agt'ut for the cure of
many diseases of the throat.
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BRIDGE OVER LAGOON AT SOUTH END OP ELECTRICITY AND MANUFACTURES BUILDING. ADMINISTRATION DOME IN CENTER,
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MIJ)SUMMER SCENE IN AND AROUND THE GRAND BASIN. MACMONNIES' AND ELECTRIC FOUNTAINS IN ACTION. EXTENSIVE VIEW OF MANUFACTURES BUILDING.
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SUCCESS OF THE CHIL-
DREN’S BUILDING.
Fo;: the first time in the
histo’v of expositions the
children received especial
recognition at the World’s
Fair. The buildiiij^, erected
and maiiita''"'! for them dur-
iii}^ the ccxit-nuaiice of the
Fair, was visited by more
people than any other build¬
ing of its size on the j^rounds.
The structure was the jjro-
duct of tiie enterprise and
energy of the resident mem¬
bers of the Board of Lady
Managers. The Exposition
company had allotted money
to build great structures in
which to exhibit all the pro¬
ducts of man and Nature.
The wonuMi had been rc'cog-
nized and they W('re to liave
a building all their own. But
the children vrere apparently
left out in the cold.
It was suggested by some
of the Lcdy Managers that a
children’s building would be
a great feature of the Expos¬
ition. The suggestion was
acted upon at once. Inves-
opened their homes and g'-.ve
bazaars, fetes and other forms
of entertainment in order to
raise the necessary funds. It
is needless to elaborate on
this part of the work, suffi¬
cient to say that all financial
difficulties were soon sur¬
mounted, and the building
brought to a successful com¬
pletion.
The idea of the committee
was first to represent only
child life, its toys, its books,
its plays and vrork, but when
the success of the enterprise
was assured, it was deter¬
mined to illustrate the most
approved methods of rearing
children from tlie cradle to
man and v/omaidiood. In
following out this plan sev¬
eral departments were neces¬
sary. This condition of things
was met by the ladies in their
usual versatile manner. First
there was organized the Day
Nursery, followed by the Kin¬
dergarten, Kitchen Garden,
Sewing and Cutting, Physical
Culture, Sloyd and Clay Mod¬
eling, Oral Instruction for
Deaf Children, an Assembly
DAY NURSERY FOR CHILDREN,
I
CHILDREN'S BUILDING AT THE WORLD’S FAIR.
under the supervision of Miss
Maria M. Love. During
the last three months the Day
Nurseries of New York city
and state, with the first train¬
ing school for nursery maids
connected with the Babies’
Hospital, were re^Ji'esented,
under the supervision of Mrs.
Arthur Dodge, with Miss
Margary Hale as matron.
The system used for the iden¬
tification of children con¬
sisted of three checks, one
pinned on the baby, one on
its outside wraps and one
given to the parents. The
charge of twenty-five cents
covered the expenses of the
child from eight o’clock in
the morning until six in the
evening, with suitalfie food
during that time. The nurs¬
ery consisted of eight rooms,
an office, mother’s room, bath¬
room, infant’s wards, room
for larger children, dining
room, kitchen and laundry.
During the six months over
10,000 babies v rere cared for
in the nursery, not a single
incident occurring to mar the
work of the department, or a
baby failing to be returned
to its parents, until almoel
the last day of the Fair
Saturday, October 28, a worn
an left a baby boy about
three months old, saying she
desired to go to the Emer¬
gency hospital for treatment.
She never returned for the
child. The Fair ended and
the child was taken by the
Children’s Aid Society, Miss
M a r g a r e t Bur n ham, the
young daughter of Director
of Works D, H. Burnham,
became the patroness of the
little waif, and it has secured
a good home. At Ihe Paris
exposition hundreds of child¬
ren weie left in the nurseries
and never claimed. The re¬
cord for the Children’s build¬
ing is certainly a splendid
one.
The Department of Physi¬
cal Culture was under the
supervision of Prof. Henry
Hartung, who represented the
North American Turnerbund
at the Fair. This department
was free to the children and
tigation disclosed the fact that it
would retpiire $25,000 to erect such
a building and the same amount to
maintain it. Owing to an increase
111 the anticipatt'd expenditures of the
Ex[)osition company it tlid not deem
it to be advisable to assume an
added obligation in the erection of
such a building. The hidies were
not to be turned from their purpose
by such an obstacle, but at once ap¬
plied for a suitable location and
undertook the task of raising the
necessary money to build, eipiip and
maintain it. A committee was formed,
of which Mrs. George L. Dunla}), of
Chicago, was appointed chairman.
From its very inception the idea of
a children's building was poiuilar.
The children themselves were enthu¬
siastic over the iirospect of a building
to be (h'dicated exclusively to their
use. Tlu' coniinittee gave out the
information as to what the cost would
be, and in a short time contributions
began to roll in. Society ladies
Hall and a Librarv.
Undoubtedly tlie two most inter¬
esting departments to the thousands
of visitors who daily thronged this
building, were the Day Nursery and
Physical Culture, as these two de¬
partments were so located as to be of
easy access by all who entered the
building. The nursery was the tired
mother’s paradise. Here she could
leavi? her little ones, feeling that they
were as safe and well cared for as
they would be at home, while she
viewed the sights at the Fair.
It was crowded every day during
the continuanceof the Exposition,and
at times children were turned away
for a lack of room. Before the win¬
dows in front of this department a
constant stream of visitors pcissed or
stood during the day, watching the
gambols of the little ones inside.
The first three months the exhibit
was an exposition of the Buffalo
(N.Y.) Fitch Creche and Training
School for Nursery Maids, and was
THE DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICAL CULTURE.
(\\MP]JELi;S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE WORLirS (U)LI MBIAN EXPOSITION.
•) t
i)
ORAL INSTRUCriON OF DEAF MUTEiJ.
ing outfits the little ones were
taught many lessons of use
to them when they grew older.
The Sloyd and Clay Mod¬
eling department was under
the supervision of Mr. Gustaf
Larsson, of Boston, and the
aim of the work was to give
each child an opportunity of
displaying its natural tenden¬
cies in any line, by giving it
perfect freedom in the choice
of its occupation. It was to
allow the creative genius or
instinct of each child to de¬
velop in its natural course by
a general training. They were
allowed to do free hand work
or modeling with knife, the
eye, ear and hand were given
equal training, and a cultiva¬
tion of habits of accuracy
and thorough honesty by the
pupils correcting their own
mistakes.
The Kindergarten depart¬
ment was in connection with
the Creche and Day Nursery,
and was more a place where
young children left for care
charge of Col. Francis Parker,
of the Cook County Normal
School, and during the Fair
interesting lectures and ste¬
reoscopic illustrations were
given, by noted men and
women. The Library was
filled with books, manuscripts,
artists’ drawings and many
other interesting things for
the children, and was in charge
of Mrs. Clara Doty Bates.
The work done by the in¬
stitution as a whole was of
the most commendable kind.
To the board of management,
consisting of Mrs. Geo. L.
Dunlap, Director; Mrs. Sol¬
omon Thacher, Jr., Chairman
of Installation; Mrs. L. Bruce
Shattuck, Secretary; Airs.
W. \Y. Kimball, and Mrs. Le-
ander Ston(% is due much
credit for their untiring zeal
and labor in the cause of
childhood.
The wisdom of such an in¬
stitution as an adjunct to the
AYoman’s Department at the
Fair has been ]iroven by the
ing to articulate by the same
method.
The Kitchen Garden ex¬
hibit had for its object the
illustration of the manner in
which young children may be
taught to do neatly and well
the necessary duties of a
household, including sweep¬
ing, dusting, bedmaking and
many other little arts of house¬
keeping, in a way that such
duties would bo a pleasure
for the little ones, instead of
azi irksome task. The depart -
ment was in charge of Aliss
Emily Huntington of New
York, assisted by Aliss Alary
Larabee. The system not
only taught children the little
mysteries of housekeeping,
but included instruction for
older girls in the best manner
of arranging and caring for
a home. By means of amus¬
ing toys and tiny housekeep-
nowned G e r m a n educator.
The gymnasium was fitted up
with all the ai^pliances in use
at the izresent day.
The department for the Oral
Instruction of deaf children
had for its object the illus¬
trating of the best method of
teaching deaf children speech.
This department was in charge
of Aliss Alary S. Garrett, prin¬
cipal of the Home for the
Training in Si^eech of Deaf
Children, of Philadelphia.
During the summer classes
of deaf children gave illustra¬
tions of the lip method, and
showed a proficiency in talk¬
ing equal to those who can
hear. The work attracted
much interest, and it was
proven conclusively that deaf
children could be taken be¬
fore they are of school age
and taught to talk with the
same fluency of unafflicted
SLOYD AND CLAY MODELING DEPARTMENT,
was always full during the
day. The instruction was
thorough, and the system
taught was known as the
German system, founded by
‘‘Turnvater Jahn,” a re¬
children. The method em¬
ployed was the lip, children
soon being able to catch each
word by watching the move¬
ments of the lips in produc¬
ing the word, and also learn-
FTIANCE AT THE EX POSIT TON.
Tlu' French building, situated near the Lake,
cost a1)()ut $100,000 ajid was in every way
adapted tor tlie purpose intended, it was his¬
torically iiiterestijij^, because of beinj^ a repro¬
duction on a reduced scale of Apollo Hall of
the Celebrated Castle of Versailles. It was in
this Castle that King Louis XVI officially re¬
ceived Benjamin Franklin, Silas Deane and
Arthur L(*e, delegates to France from America’s
thirteen original states.
All tlie exhibits from this hall, tapestries,
furniture, relics, curios, etc., were from old
Revolutionary war times. Among these was a
sword presented to Lafayette in 1770 by Con-
bread, biscuits, sugar, confectionery, choclates,
potatoes, sugar ^beets, canned food of various
kinds, condensed and sterilized milk, cheeses,
vegetable fibres and products, W(jo1, liqueurs,
agricultural publications, glass, gelatins, olive
oil, rice, vermicella, coffe, pepper, snuff, cocoa,
tobacco, tea, cotton, beans, mushrooms, etc.
In Horticultural building were 228 exhibiters
showing large collections of French wines.
In Mines and Mining building were 32 ex¬
hibiters with collections of various ores, nickel
steel, cast steel, sheet iron, aluminum, lead, etc..
In Machinery department were 77 exhibiters
showing machines and their products of various
kind.
In Transportation building were 51 exhibiters
In Liberal Arts department were 4G5 exhib¬
iters illustrating hygiene, medicine, education
literature, instruments of in'icision, experiment
research and photography, civil engineerim>-
commerce, social, industrial and co-operative
associations, music and musical instruments,etc.
In Woman's building were 472 exhibiters
showing the skill of women in both hand and
machine made goods of every kind.
France was officially rei)resented at the Ex¬
position by the following gentlemen: M. Cam¬
ille Krantz, Commissioner General; M. Edmond
Bruwaert, Consul General, Deputy Commis¬
sioner General; M. Monthiers, Secretary Gen¬
eral; M. Verstraete, Vice-Consul, Secretary; M.
Heilmann; Treasurer; M. Mascart, Chief
SECTION OF THE FRENCH BUILDING AT THE EXPOSITION, SHOWING DECORATIVE WORK.
gress, with a hiivomi from his library. Busts of
W ashington, Franklin and a series of historical
portraits wc're very interesting.
The Educational exhibits shown by the City
of Pans were instructive and admired by all.
Dr. Berfillon illustrated his system of defecting
criminals and demonstrated the impossibility
of any two people being exactly alike in their
body measmannents. The views and paintings
on find in the building presented a gaiod idea of
Paris and France to all visitors.
France was assigned 450,000 square feet of
space in the various buildings and her exhibits
were valued at $10,000,000.
In Agricultural building were OGt) exhibi¬
ters showing wheat, corn, flower, oats, seeds.
with locomotives, carriages,wagons, drays, boats,
carriage hardware, etc.
Ill Manufactures building were 602 exhibiters
with collections of almost everything in the
way of manufactured goods; a bride’s outfit was
shown worth $25,000; a cradle made of lace
worth $3,000 and elaborate exhibits of every kind.
In Electricity building were 137 exhibiters of
dynomos, batteries, electric signals, fire alarms,
telegrajih instruments, cables, etc.
In Fine Arts building were 1198 exhibits of
sculpture, paintings in oil, water colors, pastels,
etchings, engravings, lithographs, decorative
pottery, etc. France occupied almost the en¬
tire east annex of Fine Arts Palace, besides
space in the courts for statuary.
of Installation; M. de la Touanne, Electrical
Engineer; M. Vassilliere, Special Oommissioner
for Agriculture; M. Roger-Martin, Assistant
Special Commissioner for Agriculture; M. Mes-
nier. Assistant Special Commissioner for Agi'i-
culture; M. Montiels, Sx)ecial Commissioner for
Algeria; M. Scherer, Secretary for Colonies;
M. Roger Ballu, Princix3al Commissioner for
Fine Arts; M. Giudicelli, Assistant Commis¬
sioner for Fine Arts; M. Maurice de Vilmorin,
Horticulture; M. D. Astric, Secretary for Fine
Arts; M. H. L. Guerin, Secretary cf Fine Arts
Committee; M. T. Bilbaut, Special Commis¬
sioner for Colonies; Marquis de Chasseloup
Laubat, Special Commissioner for the Worlds
Congress Auxiliary.
CA3rP?,ELL‘S ILLFSTRATET) KTSTORY OF THE WORLD'S (OLEMIUAX EXl’OSITIOX.
r,}}
1<^ULL VIEW OF FRENCH BUILDING
SHOWING COURT AND BEACH 01’ THE LAKl^’..
EXHIBIT OF THE NICHOLAS TRADE SCHOOL OF PARIS, FRANCE, IN THE LIBERAL ARTS DEPARTMENT.
^ <>
CAMPHELL’S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE WORLD'S COLUMRIAX EXPOSTTIOX,
}i
i
PHOTOUKAFH OF THE MAIN ENTRANCE TO
THE FRENCH SECTION IN THE
LIBERAL ARTS DEPARTMENT, WORLD’S FAIR.
r/1
Pt-
yi
--r;
PHOTOGRAPH OF EXHIBIT OF GOLD, SILVER, BRONZE, INLAID AND ENAMELED WORK MADE BY LEBLANC-BARBEDIENNE, PARIS, IN THE FRENCH SECTION, LIBERAL ARTS DEPARTMENT.
i)
CAMPBELL’S ILLUSI’KATEI) HISTORY OF THE WORLD’S COLILMBIAX EXPOSTTIOX.
QUAND MEME. “EVEN SO.”
FRENCH SCULPTURE AT THE EX¬
POSITION.
That the French are essentially an art-j)ro-
dncin^ and an art-loving people was demon¬
strated to a great degrc'e in the display made
by that conntry in the Palace of Fine Arts at
the Exposition, Tn the anionnt of space occu¬
pied and the number of exhibits made, France
stands at the head of all foreign nations. The
catalogue credits her with twelve hundred sub¬
jects in the ditferent classes, of which about
two hundred and thirty represent the different
subjects in sculijture.
In this department the ideas which find shape
are from history, mythology and modern life,
and include works in plaster, bronze and mar¬
ble. The subjects treated are by the leading
sculptors of that country, and as none but the
best were accepted by the jury of admissions,
it follows that the work exhibited exemplifies
French sciilj^ture.
Among the many exhibits a few are repro¬
duced on these pages. The plaster i^iece,
“Even So,” by Antonin Mercie, is a master¬
piece of plastic art, the heroism of the wife and
her devotion to her country being depicted in
every line of her face and attitude, as she grasps
the musket which falls from the hands of her
husband, as if determined to fill his place in the
ranks. “David, the Victor,” Ijy the same sculp¬
tor, is another piece which demands attention.
The young shepherd boy has slain the Philis¬
tine giant, Goliath, with the pebble from the
brook. He has rushed up to the dead man,
unsheathed his ponderous sword with which
he severs the head from the body. The artist
has taken for his inspiration the moment of
triumph for the young hero. With one foot
resting on the earth and the other on the ghast¬
ly head of the slain giant, he calmly sheaths the
sword, seemingly unconscious of his power and
his heroism.
The limbs and muscles stand out in prom¬
inence in the figure of the man straining every
nerve to lift the great weight at the end of the
spade. This piece of plastic work is by Alfred
Boucher, and is called “On the Ground.” The
significance of this subject will be best under¬
stood when it is known that the artist intended
to represent the lowest class of life, the toiler,
the man who tills the earth for his daily bread.
“The Harlequin,” by Rene de Saint-Merceaux,
shows the clown in every expression of the face
and attitude, as well as the dress. The bronze
piece, “Mozart as a Child,” by Louis Ernest
Barrias, depicts the celebrated composer with
his violin in an attitude of tuning. The atten¬
tive ear of the young musician is strained to
catch the harmonious blending of the strings.
The attitude is one familiar to the violinist.
“Fortune,” by Augustin-Jean Moreau-Vanthier,
portrays the fickle goodness in all her glory.
Other and more elaborate works in plaster and
bronze have been spoken of in previous articles.
THE HARLEQUIN.
valued at $3,500; another of a Neaf)olitan Danc¬
ing Girl was valued at $1,900. A great antique
vase, valued at $1,500, occupied a conspicuous
place. A beautiful casket of gold and silver,
inlaid in bronze, which took a year to conq)lete,
was valued at $5,000. A chandelier of gilt bronze
and crystals, valued at $3,000, and a gilt bronze
aquarium at $1,400. Besides all these there were
numerous smaller articles in gold, silver, bronze
and enameled work, the whole making one of
most costly exhibits in the French department.
SOME FRENCH DISPLAYS.
In its exhibit of artistic enameled, gilt and
bronze furnishings ami bric-a-brac the French
were among the leaders at the World’s Fair.
Almost the entire section occupied by this
country on the main floor of the Liberal Arts
building was devoted to an exhibit of artistic
ware.
One of the leading exhibiters in this depait-
inent was Barbedeinne, of Paris. The exquisite
workmanship displayed in the exhibits made by
the gentleman called forth the highest praise
from visitors. The display contained gems of
art worth their weight in gold.
One of the most valuable and artistic of the
many handsome things to be seen was an ebony
cabinet, covered with gilt bronze and enameled
panels, valued at $20,000. Another ebony cab-
inet, gilt bronze, Rennaissance stvle, was val-
ved at $10,000.
An exact reproduction of a statue of Augus-
DAVID AND GOLIATH. tine Ciesar, found near Rome in 1864, was shown,
THE SIREN.
(^AMriiEl.L'S ILLl’S'PRATEl) HISTORY OF THE WORLD’S (^OLEMHIAX EXRILSITIOX.
5 {I i)
MRS. ANITA HORTENSE McKEE.
FORTUNE.
ON THE EARTH.
neiice as a woman of great business tact and a
successful co-worker. At the same time she
received her appointment from the hands of
President Harrison as Receiver of Public Mon¬
eys for the state of Mississiiipi as her husband’s
successor, being the only woman n^JOn whom
that honor was ever conferred She was con¬
firmed unanimously by the Senate, numbering
among her friends such statesmen as Hon.
James G. Blaine, Senator George E. Hoar, and
General Cyrus Bussey, besides Senators Walt¬
hall and George, democratic members from
Mississippi. Secretary Noble was also valiant
in his support. Assuming the responsibilities
of the office, she provetl herself worthy of the
fluttering endorsemenls of her friends, receiving
from the entire state, with whom her business
brought her in contact, expressions of universal
approval.
At the Republican National convention held
at Minneapolis June 7, 1892, Mrs. McKee was
invited by the delegates to attend. They de¬
sired to confer upon her the distinction of an
“honorary member.” Thus for the second time
she was the first woman to receive a (*omplinient
of that nature. They presented a resolution,
embossed on parchment, indorsing General
McKee’s political course in the state and con¬
veying to Mrs. McKee the sincere regard which
prompted their unprecedented action.
During the late canvass for President Harri¬
son her advice and judgment were sought by
by the better element of the Republican party
in the state, her influence with the adminis¬
tration being conceded. She endeavored to
carry out the political i)lans and views of her
husband. The unexpected results In-ought to the
party new complications in her office. How¬
ever a good official record awaited her in Wash¬
ington, and commended her to the incoming sec¬
retary. His good judgment was shown on the
occasion in his appreciation of individual merit,
irrespective of political party, by retaining her
in the office. On April 8, Mrs. McKee ten¬
dered her resignation to take effect July 1, an
unexpected as well as a gracious and commend¬
able action on her part.
.9 In January, 189H, she was appointed Presi¬
dent of the Columbian Club of Mississippi, as
successor to IMrs. Gov. Stone, and took charge of
the work of representing the state at the World’s
Columbian Exposition. The ('xhibit was given
a place of piajininence at the World’s Fair, and
received four awards, thus securing to her the
gratitude of her state.
Her character is a harmonious blending of all
the gentle attributes that constitute a gracious
woman, strengthened by the firmer characteris¬
tics of mind, which are essential in an active
and successful business life. Her friendship
for the working women has ever been notable,
she taking an interest in all cpiestions pertain¬
ing to their iinprovtmient. During the past
few years her influence has been exerted in
their behalf at all times. She believt's that
when women perform the same labor as men
they should be conpxmsated accoi’dingly, no
discrimination being made on accoutd, or sex,
wliich idea proves her allegiance to their cause.
DISPOSITION OP WORKS OF ART.
A woman prominent among those connected
with the work of the "World’s Fair is the subject
of this sketch, Anita Hortense McKee. She
was born in New York city of distinguished
parentage. Her father, Benj. F. Camp, a Mary¬
lander, came to New York in his boyhood, and
later assisted Horace Greely in founding the
New York Trihune. He was one of the largest
stockholders of that paper in its infancy, and
held a place of prominence in st.ite politics.
Her mother, Mary Etta Smith, was a woman
of rare beauty and culture, and remarkable
business ability.
The pleasantest recollections of Mrs. McKee’s
childhood are indissolubly connected with the
family of Horace Greely, where she frequently
spent Saturday, Mr. Greely’s holiday, with his
daughters Ida and Gabriel, at Chapagua. The
three little girls jjlayed together among the
rocks and waterfalls, while the great journalist
rested from the busy hurly-burly of public life.
Mrs. McKee was educated at Va.ssar, receiv¬
ing there the training that fitted her fo^ the
duties she afterwards so successfully filled.
While visiting Washington, she met Gen. Geo
C. McKee, congressman from Mississippi, and
on April 22, 1873, they w^ere married and went
South. General YIcKee was a man of great
prominence in state and national politics, hav¬
ing a war record as brilliant as ever shed lustre
over memory of man He was associated with
Grant and Sherman, proving his allegiance to
the former by being one of the famous “306”
in that never-to-be-forgotten convention, as a
trophy of which Mrs. McKee now holds the
medal of the “Old Guard.” He was also much
interested in Grand Army work.
At the time of Mr. McKee’s death, Nov. 17,
1890, Airs. AIcKee assumed entire control of his
extensive business interests, managing two plan¬
tations with a skill that has gained for her a
recognition among bankers and men of promi-
During the continuance of the Exposition
foreign works of art in the Palace of Fine Arts
did not seem to find many admirers among the
wealthy cdizens. At least it looked that way,
as very few pieces were purchased by private
individuals. Since the Pair closed, however,
it has been found that during the continuance
of the Exposition Chicago citizens held back
in order to give those from outside the city an
opportunity to select from tlie great display
made.
As soon as the Fair closed they held back no
longer. Since that time the dilfere?d, fondgn
countries having exhibits are well pleased by
the large numl)er of sales they have made tcj
citizens of Chicago and other cities. In fact all
the best works from each country have la'cn
gathered up by art-lovers who have the wealth
to gratify their desires.
MOZART AS A CHILD.
IN IMMINENT PERIL, GROUP OF STATUARY AT THE WORLD'S FAIR.
( T
STATUE OF “LEONIDAS, THE SPARTAN,” LIBERAL ARTS DEPART3IENT
(JAMP?,ELL’S ll.LESTRATEl) HISTORY OF THF WORLD'S ('OLFRIHAA EXPOSITIOX.
^ ty ^
O i
MRS. MYRA BRADWELL.
Myra Bradwell, daughter of Ebeii and Abi¬
gail M illey Colby, of Manchester. Vermont, was
one of the earliest settlers, and honored of
Chicago’s citizens.
A thoroughly educated woman, she entered
w'th earnestness, and under the tuition of her
disband, upon the study of law. Her applica-
MRS. MYRA BRADWELL,
LADY MANAGER PROM CHICAGO.
MRS. ANITA HORTEXSE McKEE.
rUESIUENT MI.SSI,S.SI1>PI COLUMHIAN CLUB.
tion for adluis.siou to the bar, \vlnch. liy tlu' way,
was the first by any woman in theUniteil States,
was denied because she was a woman, and on
appeal from the Supreme Court of Illinois to
the United State Supreme Court, was again
rejected.
She began the editorship, as well as the pub¬
lication, of the Chiccujo Liujal News —wliich
she has since published. The Illinois Legisla¬
ture granted a special charter for the rVe/coi/o
Le(}(d INCH'S, and by several enact men Is made
it evidence in courts and a valid medium for the
publication of legal notices.
She was one of the founders, and long the
treasurer, of the Illinois Industrial School for
Girls, and one of the Board of Lady Mana¬
gers, and chairman of the Committee of Law,
Reform of the World’s Columbian Exposition
MRS. MARY SMITH LOCKWOOD
Among the many prominent women of na¬
tional reputation on the Board of Lady Managers
of the Exposition, few had a mon^ marked per¬
sonality than Mrs. Mary Smitli Lockwood.
She is physically strong, though rather below
the middle height. She has firmnt'ss, strength
and executive ability of a high ordiu'.and, as the
accompanying jiliotograjih vrould indicate, is a
woman of extraordinary intellectual endow¬
ments.
The county of CUiautampia, N. Y., claims the
honor of being her birthplace At the age of
four yeai's she sutfei’ed an almost irri'paral)!*'
loss in the death of her motlu'r.
iMrs. Lockwood is on*' of the for('most wonum
in th('‘AVdinan’s SulTrag(' Clnb” in tlu' Dis¬
trict (>t Columbia. The' nu'inIx'i'.s of t h(* Woman s
National Press Associalion natui'all}' lelt com-
plimenteil that a rt'pri'sentativi' oftlunr associa¬
tion should be chosen to act in the important po¬
sition of commissioner for the Ex])osition.
MRS. MARY S. LDCKWOOD,
RADY MANAGER PROM WASHINGTON, 1). C.
(:am?bki;i;s iillustrated history of the world's Columbian exposition.
MISSISSIPPI COLUMBIAN CLUB AT
THE FAIR.
Ainon*^ ;i low of tho Soul horn states no ap¬
propriation was ina(!(‘ to iiistal and care for an
exlnl)it at tin' World’s Fair. jMississippi was
one of those stat('s, which, for some n'ason,
failed to a})preciate the op])ortnnity otfert'd for
showing tin' resonrci's of In'r s('ction. Owing t(j
the demand for an nnusual outlay of money,
cansf'd, in part, by the l)nrning of the Stat('
Asylum at dacks('n, and otln'r recpiirements, the
legislature refnst'd to mak<' an apj)ropriation to
aid in tin' work of b('ing pi’c^perly represented
at the lil.xposition.
But Alississippi was not to be left out. It was
to the Fair, where it was put together, they dera-
onstrat('d the culture and use of cotton from the
seed to tinislied clotli. There were cotton plants
in all stages of growth fi'om the buds to the
great stocks filled with bolls.
In conm'ction with the exhibit was a display
of cotton seed oil, made by the C’apitol City Oil
Company, of Jackson, and one of hoisery, cases
of yarns, twine and rope by the Mississippi Mills,
of Wesson. There was also an exhibit of rosin
and turpentine as representative of the pine in¬
dustry.
A feature of the pavilion was the great seal
of the state, the center of which was composed
of cotton batting with crest painted thereon.
The lettering on the seal was all done in cotton
not forgotten. This included a display of grains,
fruits and other natural products.
It is only due the ladies interested in the
work of representing Mississipin at the World’s
Fair to say that in no other state were so many
obstacles overcome in an etfort to adequately
show the resources of their state. When it is
taken into consideration that they only had a
few months in which to prepare and instal their
exhibit, it is wonderful how they succeeded in
making such a complete display. The energy
displayed by this little band of heroic women,
whom nothing seemed to daunt, and who met
and pushed to one side all that interfered with
their success, seems almost phenomenal.
The exhibit received four awards: for Short
MISSISSIPPI COLUMIJIAX CLUB, AGRICULTURAL DEPARTMENT, WORLD'S FAII
PAVILION AND EXHIBIT OP THE
at this crisis that the women of the state caine
to tin' trout and show('d what they could accom¬
plish when tlu'y once S('t to work. An orgaidza-
tion was perfected in tlu' spring of 1892, under
tin' iilh' of tlu' “Mississippi Columbian Club.’’
The inemlx'i's appointed IMrs. Stone as ju’esi-
dent and est<d)lished head(pi;iii('rs at Jackson.
Smaller clubs wert' formed in all parts of the
state to work in conm'ction with tin' ceidral
orgiinizat ion.
The i)lan followed out by the ladies in making
tlu'ir t'xhibil w<is to la'prt'sent oiu' of the h'iiding
industiaes of tin' stale—cotton. In a handsome
little pavilion, made from Mississippi pine,
framed in its native home, before being brought
seeds, the whole being framed in seeds with an
open boll of cotton for each state in the Union.
A unitpie feature of the exhibit, and one that
attracted thousands of visitors, was the design
of a cotton plantation, with an old cabin near
in which could be seen the figure of a typical
“Aunt Dinah’’ busily engaged in filling her
basket with the fiutfy article. Other pictures
of Soutlmm life were represented, among them
being the Tougaloo plantation, the home of Mrs.
IVtcKei', the permanent president of theColum-
bain Club. A model of a cijtton gin and a press
was also shown.
Although cotton was given precedence in the
exhibit, still other resources of the state were
Staple Lint; for Long Staple Lint; Collective
Exhibit of Cotton and Cotton Seed. A medal
was awarded Airs. A. H. McKee for bale of Short
Staple Cotton from her Tougaloo plantation.
The ladies were assisted in a measure by the
generosity and enterprise of a few gentlemen
and leading firms in the state. Mr. Hampton
Davis, of Warren county,furnished some of the
cotton, while Air. John Baird, of Baird Station,
furnished cotton on stalk to decorate the pavil¬
ion and furnish souvenirs for visitors. J. J.
W hite, of AIcComb City, furnished the flooring
for the pavilion, Alessrs. Morton & Helm, of
Brookhaven, and the Isabella Lumber Company
furnished the lumber.
HALSEY C. IVES.
Professor Halsey 0. Ives, the Art Director of
the Columbian Exposition, was born in Havana,
New York, in the year 1847, making him just
forty-seven years old.
The first foundation of his life-long course of
study was laid in the Union Academy of his
native town. In the dark days of 1861, his
father died and he began to realize the respon¬
sibilities of life. A year later he turned from
inclination to the work of draughtsman, and, in
1863, in this capacity he entered the Govern-
for nature and art.
In 1869 he began the work of a designer and
decorator and traveled in the West and South
for the next three years, visiting Mexico in
1872. In 1874 he entered the Polytechnic
School of St. Louis. On the expiration of the
year he went abroad for the purpose of study
in the schools of Europe. Upon liis return he
was made a member of the Faculty of Wash¬
ington University, a position which he has con¬
tinued to hold until the present time. In 1879
he was appointed Director of the St. Louis
School of Fine Arts. Two years later on the
were not less pleased, knowing him to be an
appreciative critic and especially symphathetic
and helpful toward struggling beginners.
Mr. Ives’ work in connection with the Fine
Arts department at the Exposition was such as
to place him among the leaders on all questions
of art. The vast number of exhibits handled by
this department, their delicate nature and, in
some instances, priceless value, made the duties
of its chief very onerous. The taste and judg¬
ment of Mr. Ives was amply shown in the hang¬
ing of all the pictures and the grouping of
statuary in order that the most harmonious
ment service. The autumn of 1864 found him
in Tennessee. At a time when the military
situation demanded active service from every
able-bodied man, pencil and pen where put
aside for musket and spade. In November of
the same year he received an injury which in-
capaciated him for active work and so sent him
back to New York in retirement.
He resumed the study of art under the direc¬
tion of Alexander Piatowski, a Polish refugee
and a man of remarkable mental and spiritual
gifts combined with an equally rare enthusiasm
HALSEY C. IVES,
CHIEF OF DEPARTMENT OF FINE ARTS.
completion of the Museum of Fine Arts build¬
ing and its presentation to the school, by the
late Wayman Crow, he was made Director of
the Museum of Fine Arts.
During the last seventeen years Professor Ives
has spent much time in study in the museums
of Europe, going abroad each summer and being
recognized as a welcome visitor in many studios.
His personal acquaintance witli Eurojiean art¬
ists, as well as with their works, made his selec¬
tion a peculiarly happy one for the interest of
the Columbian Exposition. American painters
effects might be produced. The interest in the
exhibit never seemed to abate from the opening
of the Exposition to its ckjse, and it was owing
to the broad and liberal views of its chief
that this building was thrown open to the
public during those {Sundays when other build¬
ings and exhibits were closed, and made it one
of the most popular departments at the Exposi¬
tion. Mr. Ives relations with foreign repre¬
sentatives were always of the most harmonious
kind, considering the various interests repre¬
sented by them in the department.
THE DISPOSITION OF THE “WHITE
CITY.”
After a ^reat deal of discussion between the
directors of the Exposition company and the
board of park commissi(jners as to what should
be done with the “ VVdiite City” at Jackson
Park, an arranjjjement was finally made Decem-
bt'r 8, 18bi3, or rather contirmed by the directors,
in passing nnanimonsly the following’resolution:
That tho compromises offer of settlement of the South
Park commissioners, of all damages and claims against
this corporation, connected with or resnlting from the
occiijeancy of Jackson park and Midway plaisance by
the World's Columbian Kxieosition, under ordinance of
said South Park commissioners, be, and the same is
hereby accepted; and for the purpose of concluding
sucdi settlement tins isresident is liereby authorized to
transfer and deliver to said South Park commissioners,
by i)ro])er bill of sale or other writing, all the buildings
and other property of this Exposition situated in Jack-
son park or Midway jilaisance, and i)articularly de¬
scribed in a schedule of said property heretofore pre¬
pared and delivered to said South Park commissioners
l)y the president of this corporation; also to pay said
South Park commissioners the sum of two hundred
thousand dollars (§200,000), which said sum and delivery
that bad been agreed upon. Those present
were :
Messrs. Higinbotham, Peck, Waller, Billings, Bryan,
Camp, Chalmers, Chappell, Crawford, Davis, Dixon,
Cage, Hutchinson, Henrotin, Keith, Kirk, Lawrence,
Lefens, Nathan, Odell, Phelps. Porter, Revell, Ripley,
Rothschild, Scott, Schwaib, Wacker, Walker, Welling,
Wheeler, Young.
President Higinbotham explained that the
park board agreed to give Manufactures Hall
to the city of Chicago if the scheme to move it
uptown w'as realizial. The suggestion had been
made that they would yield to popular demand
and allow the model city to stand one year more
at least.
This impression was corrected by a letter
from Director Ellsworth, who is also a member
of the park board, and who was authorized to
inform the Exposition directors of the loolicy of
guardians of the park. He wrote:
I would desire that it bo understood by the board
and the jiublic, who are all direct parties in interest,
that on account of the temporary manner of all con¬
struction in connection with the Exposition, it was ne-
board responsible if it is decided best (should this
property be placed in their possession) to commence at
once the demolition of the same.
The exact date of the transfer was not agreed
upon, but it will be made as soon as all exhibits
have been packed up and moved from the park,
which will probably be in February or March
of 1894.
“After its over—its majesty shorn.
After Destruction's harsh talons have torn
The gems from the matchless mosaic,
After the temples and statues are gone.
And the proud, shining City’s deserted and lone.
What of life's duties i)rosaic?
What then ?”
A HISTOEY OF EVENTS.
Any history must be a history of events that
have actually occurred, but not necessarily of
every event. This work has to do solely
with the Columbian Exposition and will not
admit any matter extraneous to this subject.
Before the foundation for the first building
was laid, our work of preparing for this history
VIEW OV FINE ARTS PALACE, SOUTH ENTRANCE. FRONTINO ON THE
LAGOON.
of property shall be in full payment, settlement and
discharge of all liabilities and obligations of every
kind and character resting upon this corporation by
reason of the occupancy of the ab(;ve described park
and plaisance under tho ordinance, hereinbeft)re referred
to; and the president is authorized and directed to ac¬
cept such discharge, iiuittance or receijff as may be ne¬
cessary to effectuate the purpose of said settlement, to¬
gether with the bond in the penal sum of one hundred
thousand dollars (8100,000) heretofore executed by this
corporation to said South Park commissioners; posses¬
sion of all of said property and every part thereof to be
given said South Park commissioners as soon as the ex¬
hibits now installed in such buildings shall l)e removed
therefrom.
Said sale and transfer of buildings subject, however,
to the further condition that, if the city of Chicago
shall elect to purchase of this corporation the Liberal
Arts and Manufactures building, tho title of said build¬
ing may be transferred by this corporation to said city
of Chicago, and such sale and transfer shall in no wise
affect or impair this settlement; but if said city shall
not elect to purchase said building within-months,
then the title hereto shall pass to said South Park
commissioners.
There w’ere thirty-two directors of the Exposi¬
tion present and every one of them voted to
settle with the park commissioners on the terms
cessary to keep men strengthening and patching all
l)arts of tae construction after it was finished and until
ihe very last month of the Exposition period, as. for
instance, the support of the Peristyle—whenever there
was any commotion of the water, men were kei)t shor¬
ing up the structure to prevent its collapse. The staff
and plaster in the buildings has compelled careful
watching and will now disintegrate so rapidly that only
by the expenditure of large sums of money could the
structures be kept so as to prove in any way present¬
able to visitors—amounts that would bankrupt any
private corporation and discourage even a municipality.
It has bene suggested by many that even if these
buildings should go to ruin they would be interesting
to sight seers. This would api)ly if the construction
was composed of masonry, but under the present con¬
ditions it would prove as distasteful and unsightly to
the public, as soon as the decay commences in earnest
(which, while it has already taken place, yet it will not
be really observable until a few weeks hence), as the re¬
tention of the remains of a brilliant man who has com¬
manded the admiration of the, world, but whose spirit
has flown.
I would, therefore, wish it to be positively under¬
stood by the board of directors of the Columbian Ex¬
position that it is impossible for the park board to make
an agreement, directly or indirectly, toward any reten¬
tion of the buildings as an attraction to sight-seers, and
the public must, under no consideration, hold the park
commenced by having access to the original
plans, and the willing ear and information of
the Exposition management, so that when the
work at Jackson Park really commenced our
artists and editors were on the ground with in¬
structions to preserve every feature of the great
Fair.
Consider if you please, the magnitude of the
work we had in hand and you vdll at the same
time be considering the greater magnitude of
the Exjiosition, the events and incidents of
which we were aiming to perpetuate on the
pages of a history that should be a credit to the
enterprise and an honor to Chicago.
Daring the entire period of the Exposition
we have had every facility ottered us and con¬
stant encouragement to carry forward to comple¬
tion the plan of producing an illustrated history
surpassing in artistic excellence any ever pub¬
lished and that we have succeeded all will
admit.
STATUARY AND ORNAMENTAL WORK IN ARCHITECTURAL COURT, FINE ARTS PALACE.
GREECE AT THE EXPOSITION.
By royal decree on the tweuty-tifth of Aug¬
ust, 1892, a committee named the “Committee
of Olympia” was appointed to prepare and in¬
stall an exhibit for Greece, at the World's Co¬
lumbian Exposition.
That this committee performed their duty
with satisfaction to themselves, credit to the
government they represented and with much
favor to the lovers of ancient art, will be gladly
conceded by all.
The exhibits of Greece in honey, tobacco,
cigarettes, silk, silk cocoons, soap, olives, oil,
Corinthian currants, sponges, minerals and
metals were all good, but the principal and most
interesting exhibit was in the Art department.
Hellenic art was represented by a collection
of plaster casts, made ’* by the Greek govern¬
ment especially for this Exposition and con¬
tained casts of many antiquities never before
reproduced.
In reliefs, statuettes, groups and monuments,
this valuable collection consisted of 112 different
peices, all worthy of careful examination, but
our space will only permit mention of a few of
the most important.
A relief from the “Lion Gate” at Mycenae,
the original of which is still in position over the
lintel of the principal gate of the citadel in that
city, is said to be the most ancient work of
sculxhure in Greece.
A grave monument found in Attica is execu¬
ted with admirable care and minuteness, a fine
specimen of the sculxhure of the period, being
made by Aristocles in the 6th century B, 0.
A large bas-relief, found at Eleusis and repre¬
senting the goddesses especially worshipped
there, was executed about the middle of the 5th
century and regarded as especially noteworthy
because of its religious character,
t A statuette of Athena (Minerva), found at
Athens in 1880. It is a copy made in the Roman
period, of the gold and ivory statue of Athena
by Phidias.
The Temple of Athena Alea was built in die
year 895 B. C. in Arcadia and from this temple
are casts of three heads which were probably
made by Scopas.
From the tomple of Asclepius at Eiiidaurus,
are several sculptures from the 4th century B.
G., battle of Greek and Amazons, battle of
Centaurs and Laiiiths, moulded Amazon,
wounded Amazon, horse’s head. Centaurs head.
Amazon’s head and woman veiled.
A square pedestal having an inscription which
being translated seems to show that the object
which was supported by it and probably the
pedestal itself as the work of the artist Bry-
axis (860 B. C. ); on the three sides were three
horsemen who had been successful competitors
in a cavalry exercise.
Hermes (Mercury) with the infant Dionysus
(Bacchus), an original work of Praxiti'les, found
at Olyiiqiia and now in the museum llu're. This
is the only authenticated original sculpture of
the above artist in existence and is a tint' sjit'ci-
men of the Greek art in the 4th ct'idury B. C.
A number of interesting gravi' rt'lit'fs from
Tliespia, Htlgiua, Dijiylon, Athens and Attica,
also colossal statues of grt'at anticpiity such as
the western world has nevt'r bt'fore had an
opportunity of ('xamining
ART ATTRACTIONS.
The love for the beautiful in both nature and
art was never more fully demonstrated than at
the Exposition. It was this feature that drew
the attention and secured the' admiration of the
millions who attended. Giant and intricate
machinery and other handiwork of man was
oftimes passed with very little notice, while some
little souvenir card with artistic dec-orations or
stanqhng upon its surface would call forth t'X-
pressions of delight.
Wherever paintings and sculpture aboiiiuh'd
there were to be found the most eagt'r and de¬
lighted crowds. It mattered not who the artist
or sculptor might be, the work was admirt'd for
its beauty’ and the subject, it might illustrate.
The exterior and interior decorations c)n tlu'dif¬
ferent buildings all came in for thc'ir share of
admiration, the mural i)aintings receiving es-
])ecial attention from the visitor.
''In the different state and foreign buildings
art work always received more attention than
what nature produced.
GROUP OF STATUARY IN THE ROTUNDA OF THE FINE ARTS PALACE.
SECCION MEXICAN A EN EL PAL AGIO DE BELLAS AKTES. (SECTION OF MEXICO’S EXHIBIT IN PALACE OF FINE AKTS AT THE WORLD’S FAIR.)
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CAMPBELL’S ILLTJSTRATEI) HISTORY OF THE WORLD’S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITIOl^
Sj^OCION MEXICANA EN EL PALACIO DE BELLAS ARTES.
(SECTION OP MEXICO'S EXHIBIT IN PALACE OF FINE ARTS _4T THE
WORLD’S FAIR.)
('A’\I??.KTJ;S ILLFSTT?ATKT) HISTORY OF THE WORLD’S (OLILAIBIAX EXPOSITION.
STATUE OF AKCT11TECTURE,
FINE ARTS PALACE.
GODDESS OF FORTUNE, FINE ARTS PALACE.
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••THE COSSACK'S REPLY" PAI.NirXG IN RUSSIAN SECTION, FIXE arts. LOANED liV THE E.VIPEKOK.
(^\mpbi:li;s ilm stpated history of the world's (oliimhiax exrositiox.
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GROUP OF STATUAPy CENTRAL COURT FINE ARTS PALACE. DICKENS AND “LITTLE NELL" IN l^OREGROUND.
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GROUP OF STATUARY IN THE WEST COURT OF THE FINE ARTS BUILDING.
CAMPHKLI/S IIJJ STRATKI) HfSTORY OF THE WORLD’S COLIDIBIAN EXPOSITION.
r){M;
JAMES IP CAMPJ3ELL
[Sco Pago 0 f>f Jiitrodiictory.)
James B. Camp])ell, the author and publisher
of this work, was boru at Inverness, Mei^antic
county. Province of Quebec, Canada, in 1858.
His father, John Campbell, was born in Ireland.
His pareids came to America when he was
four years of age and settled in Inverness. His
mother was born in Kingston, Ontario, her maiden
name being Esther Ann Bailey. Her parents,
Mr. and Mrs. Claudius Bailey, were born in Ire¬
land. Coming to America they first settled at
Kingston, and afterwards in Madoc, Out. Prom
the age of four to thirteen vears he attended
school and then for three years continued his
studies at home while workieg on the farm.
His ambition for an education could not be
daunted, and during the next three years he
was alternately occupied with going to school
and hard work. In 1877 he entered Stanstead
Wi'sleyan college, where for the next four years
he devoted himself entirely to the college studies,
giving special attention to literature and math¬
ematics. The college reports show that he took
the highest prizes of his class and was during
his last year selected as class orator.
To say he “paid his own way” while at¬
tending college is stating it moderately. He
supported himself by teaching evening schools
near the college and in adjacent towns, and so
exacting were his duties at times that when
the other students were making the campus
ring with victorious shouts during a game of
the Wokld’s Columbian Exposition Illus¬
trated, known since March, 1894, as Campbell’s
Illustrated Monthly. Under Mr. Campbell’s
enterprising management, the marked success of
this publication, owing chiefly to its rich illus¬
trations and interesting text, never has been
equalled.
Among the works which he has contributed
to general literature is “Grant’s Mernoriuni,”
(a poem) “A Summer at Saratoga,” “Ireland,
the Past and the Present,” “How the old Farmer
Spent his Christmas,” etc. His “Illustrated
History of the World’s Columbian Exposition”
is his last and greatest work. And he trusts,
by perusing its pages, the world will be able
to form a fair conception of the greatest event
of the nineteenth century.
SOUTH VIEW OF MACMONNIES’ FOUNTAIN, SHOWING THE VARIOUS FIGURES IN DETAIL.
Being ambitious to acquire a college educa¬
tion, rather than remain at home and become
heir to the “old homestead,’’ he chose to go
among strangers and endeavor to accomplish
the wish of his life, and at the age of sixteen
he went to Verniont, Here he worked on the
farm in summer, and in a mill or lumbering
woods in the winter. When an opportunity was
atfordetl he would renew his studies by a few
terms at school.
In addition to having paid his own expenses
at school, lit' had, by imrd work and endeavor,
managed to save a considerable sum of money,
but the panic of 187J and ’74 carried it all
away and left him again penniless.
baseball, he could be found alone in his room
preparing a lesson or endeavoring to see more
clearly through the misty labyrinths of some
geometrical problem.
For several years after leaving college he was
engaged in teaching, during which time he had
charge of some of the most successful and
largest institutions in the Eastern states. Be¬
ing anxious to cast his lot with the busy W^est,
he came to Chicago in 1886. Here for four
years he had charge of and built up the largest
business educational institution in America.
Besides completing a course in the study of
law, he always found time to devote some of his
energy to journalism, and in 1890 established
WHAT IS STAFF?
The architectural beauty of the buildings and
statuary at the Columbian Exposition was made
possible by the use of the material called staff.
This material is composed of powered gypsum?
alumnia, glycerine, dextrine and hemp, or sim¬
ilar fibre.
It is formed into any shape by the use of
gelatine molds, is very light in weight, capable
of being tinted to any color desired, and for the
purpose of temporary buildings is equal to
granite or marble, at one-tenth the expense.
In some parts of the world, notably in South
America, it has been used for covering build¬
ings for more than a hundred years.
Over two thousand carloads were used on the
statuary and buildings at Jackson Park.
CAMPBELL’S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE WORLD’S COLT MP>IAX EXPOSITION.
FOUNTAINS AT THE EXPOSITION.
Water in action always has an attraction that
is irresistible to every human being. The power
of water when unconfined lias been demonstrated
ever since the days of Noah and his wonderful
ark, and the swiftness with which it engulfed
the enemies of the Children of Israel after the
latter had crossed the Red Sea in safety.
At the Exposition water did not enter into
the general plans ot the directors, only as a
means of accommodation, with the exception of
the displays made in the ditferent fountains.
These included the MacMonnies’ and the two
Electric fountains in the Grand Basin and the
several fountains in the ditferent department
and the state and foreign buildings.
been a drop of water flow from its sides. But
when the streams of liquid were seen shooting
up on all sides of the beautiful central figures,
filling the air with spray and causing one rain¬
bow to follow another in rapid succession then it
was a sight that brought forth exclamations of
admiration from those who saw it. The majestic
figure of Father Time was symbolical of the
fact that water always was and always will be as
long as the world shall last.
While this fountain was the center of attract¬
ion by day it was at night that the Electric
fountains were to be seen in all their glory.
When not in action these fountains did not
present a very attractive appearance, looking
more like a series of huge jars turned upside
down. Even when the water was turned on
oh 7
did not seem to be realized by many who saw
the ditferent hues and shades of water which
spouted forth from the fountain.
Electricity made those fountains possible.
Without the aid of this wonderful element in
nature there could have been no electric foun¬
tains at the Exposition. The process of color¬
ing the water was very simple, and consisted in
the use of different colored electric light globes.
That is the water came forth from the fountain
in all its virgin purity, and by a system of elec¬
tric lights beneath, a reflection was cast on the
water which colored it to any shade desired by
simply turning on t he ligh ts in the ditferent globes,
that is if any one effect was desired it was
made by turning off the rest.
The ditferent colors shown at one time was
NORTH VIEW OF MACMONNIES’ FOUNTAIN, SHOWING THE VARIOUS FIGURES IN DETAIL.
Perhaps the one thing that attracted more
attention at the Exposition and was the center
of interest for the hundreds of thousands of
visitors was the displays of water made in these
different fountains. This was especially true
with the Electric fountains. But very few
people had ever seen the beautiful effects which
could be produced with water by the aid of
electricity before the advent of the Exposition.
The MacMonnies’ fountain was a beautiful
piece of architectural work combined with the
embellishments of the sculptor. The design
was original and unique, and the whole was a
thing of beauty even though there never had
them during the day they were very prosaic.
But at night when the Court of Homjr and the
Grand Basin had been darkened by turning
out the numerous electric lights these fountains
were seen in all their beauty.
The force that propelled the streams of water
through the different pipes in these fountains
was such as to throw the streams into the air
to the height of one hundred feet, if those in
charge desired to do so. There was nothing in
the fountain or the water that was ditferent
from any ordinary fountain. All water is color¬
less unless being colored by some addition of
chemicals or other substance. This fact
done })y turning on all lights in the ditferent
globes at one time. Whatseemedto the onlooker
as ditferent colored water was ojdy the reflect¬
ion of the difl’erent colored lights as they were
alternately turned otf and on ])y the operators
in charge of the work.
The impressions made upon the thousands of
people who saw these fountains in action was
such as to last a lifetime, and were considered
the most wonderful displays of what the genius
of man can accomplish that was made at the
Exposition, and demonstrated his wonderful
power in controlling the element that made
such an exhibit possible.
OK
COST AND
(;AMPP»KLI/S ILLUSTKATEI) HISTORY OF THE WORLD'S OOLl
OF THE
MBiAN p:xposrnox.
COMPENSATION
FAIR.
The figures given below will show the cost
ot the great Columbian Ex])osition, so far as the
money paid by the treasurer of the corporation
can give it.
It would be impossible to name the real cost
of time a7id nujiiey which has been required from
hundreds of patriotic citi/x'iis, in order to exploit
this great undertaking, because no charge was
made for their services and no bill of ('xpenses
of the Exposition, made Dec. 8, 1893, showed
$1,756,745.43 in bank. After making the pay¬
ment to the park commissioners he had more
than $1,500,000. It was estimated that no more
than $500,000 would be needed to meet all pay
rolls to the time of finally closing the books
and paying all damage suits brought against
the company. That would leave an even mil¬
lion for the stockholders or almost 10 per cent
on their stock. Treasurer Seeberger’s report
shows the following receipts and disburse¬
ments:
DISliURSEMENTS.
Paid on vouchep.$:n,t579,04r, 91
Balance in bank. IJ.'ie 74.5’w
Souvenir coins on hand. 3835(5’^
Souvenir coins in bank... 12olo(X) 00
Total.$:3.3,r)94Tt7i^
The following lable shows the size, cost and
materials used in the principal buildings:
BUILDINGS.
DIMEN¬
SIONS.
COST.
Fine arts - - - -
320x5(X)
$ 758,C,28
Woman’s Ituilding -
190x:i88
13.8.:!97
Horticulture -
250x998
31ii,489
Transportation
250x9()0
554,341
Mines and Mining -
:>50x7(X)
292.910
eumiser.
EEET.
3,0(«).0(K)
1,()(K),(I(KJ
2,."i00.()(Kl
:i,r)00,(KK)
4,:i00,(KK)
IRON.
EBS.
i,;r)9,ooo
173,900
Id:i8,3:i8
1,100,000
steel.
1,300,000
M.\CMONNlES’ FOUNTAIN FACING TttE ADxMINISTE.MTON PEAZ.\, FEAR VIEW.
was rendered by them.
The large amount of money expended by
foreign governments and the different states in
the Union shoukl also be added to these figures
in order to complete the grand total of actual
cost. But time and money are but means to an
end, and the important inquiry is and should
be as to the compensation for all these months
and years of work added to the millions of
dollars expended.
The report of Air. A. F. Seeberger, treasurer
RECEIPTS.
From sales of tickets.
Concessions.
Miscellaneous receipts.
From stock subscriptions.
City of Chicago bonds.
World’s Fair bonds.
Interest on bonds.
Interest on deposits.
Souvenir coins.
Premium on souvenir coins.
Special souvenir coin fund.
Souvenir coins on hand.
Received from temporary organization
Total.
$10,583,407.96
:i,425,789.22
1,826,472.83
5.514,0:U.20
5,003,726.06
4,444,500.00
:«),976.52
6,8,706.47
578,792.(X)
5l9,:i93.78
1,4:?5,(X)0.00
158,:r)6.59
4,252.64
594,147.87
Fleet ricity
345x690
447,681
5,(XX},0(X)
Music Hall
140x246
)
Casino - - -
140x260
[ :114,396
Peristyle
60x6(X)
)
Forestry
208x528
82,708
2 4(X).(XX)
Agriculture
,S(X)x5(Xl
7 5IX),(X)0
(Annex)
.5.50x3(X)
lt>2
2,0(X).000
Machinery Ilall
492x846
(Annex).
4il0x550
1,235.401
10.5(X).(KX)
Administration
262x262
476,:I07
3,250,000
Manufactures
1,687x787
1,802,759
17,000,000
Fish and Fislieries
165x365
235,008
2,(XH),tXX)
(Tioral Building
89,271
. . • *
Shoo :ind Leather
150x575
93,243
.Vnthroitologiciil -
415x255
87,612
....
STEEL.
1 100,000
2,000,000
STEEL.
11,(XK),(K)0
1.562.607
Ir„ll * Steel.
14.(K)0.(XXI
6(X).(XK)
The above figures will give the reader an
adequate idea of the gigantic buildings.
CAMPBELL’S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE WORLD'S (OLUMBIAX EXl'OSTTIOX.
PHOTOGRAPH OF
SECTION IN GALLERY FINE ARTS
FROM NORTH COURT,
LOOKING SOUTH, SHOWING
PROMINENT GROUPS OF STATUARY.
THE FIRST PAIR OF EARRINGS, STATUARY IN SPANISH SECTION, FINE ARTS.
THE FISHERS CAUGHT, STATUARY IN SPANISH SECTION, FINE ARTS.
o
<:c
STATUE OF THE FRENCH REPUBLIC, LIBERAL ARTS DEPARTMENT,
“CHRIST AND THE ADULTERESS,” STATUARY IN BRAZIL'S SECTION, FINE ARTS PALACE.
a 02
(JAMPBELL’S ILLUSI
CI.OSTNG EXERCISES OF THE WORLD’S
FAIR.
It was (he intention of (lie Exposition officials
to have the Fair _<>() out <^)f existence in a ])lazo
of iL?lory, the same as it was inaugurated May 1.
The sad death of Chicap-o's mayor, ('artt'r H.
Harrison, two days la'fore tlie time to close,
tunu'd the closini^ sea nes into pn-ief insttaid of
joyousness.
The exercises were held in Festival Hall,
and consisted of a short address by Presichmt
Thos. W. Palmer, of the National Oommissic n;
])rayer by Rev. J. W. Barrows and reading of
laesolutions on the menu)ry of iVIayor Harrison
by President H. N. Hii^inlxjtham of the local
Directory. Everything partook of (he solemnity
of death. There were no demonstrations, and
[RATED HISTORY OF THE WORLD’S COLU
Ex[)osition, I declare the World s Columbian Exposition
oflicially closed.
When Dr. Barrows stepped forward to pro¬
nounce the benediction he asked permission to
read the closinpj address jnepared by President
Higinbotham before the sad occurrence. It
was as follows;
‘‘This is not the time for oratory. A duty calls us
to<fether which we must perform, though it tills us with
sadness. The hour is at hand when our festival must
close and when the material things of which it is com¬
posed must turn back to the four quarters of the glolie,
and the structures which sheltered them to the elements
out of which they were created.
“I come to the duty of that hour with a heart tilled
with emotions I cannot express in words. I come with
a full measure of gratitude to Almighty God for His
great goodness to us; thankful to Him that He has per¬
mitted me to be a humble inctrument in helping to
prosecute to a successful issue this magnificent enter-
MBIAN EXPOSITION.
It is like bidding farewell to one's youth. It is like all
those times in the life of a man when the thoughts of
the present are choked with the emotions of the past.
At such times the call of duty alone can uplift the heart
and arouse it to meet the things that are to come.
That call is upon each one of us now. It echoes in the
hearts of all tliat have been touched by these wonders
which (iod has brought to pass. It bids us learn the
lessons of the last season to the everlasting benefit of
ourselves and our children. It bids us appropriate to
ourselves the imperishable i)arts of this high feast of
the arts, industries and sciences, and so embalm them
in memory's treasure house that they may be best pre¬
served and produce the largest fruits in the generations
to come. Let us go forward to meet the duties of the
future without fear, sustained by the faith that what
we have wrought will endure and forever stand as a
beacon light, guiding others to loftier heights and
greater achievements.”
Thus closed one of the g^reatest events of
modern times. Through trials and disappoint-
ITIOTOGKAITI OF
VIEW IN WEST COURT OF FINE ARTS BUILDING, SHOWING
REPRODUCTION OF GERMAN PARLIAMENT BUILDING.
the program as planned was entirely ignored.
The Festival Hall was well filled, but the
occfision was one that called forth feelings of
sorrow and regret, rather than rejoicing and
triumph. After the resolutions were read and
adopted President Palmer spoke as follows:
“As all present know it had been the intention to
follow out in every detail the elaborate and impressive
programme of exercises that has been prei)ared. It
would have been enhanced and enriched with music,
with festivities and by the firing of cannon. It had
been intended to bring these exercises to a close at sun¬
set by the fall of the gavel simultaneously with the
salute of artillery, but all this has been changed. Only
the firing of the gun and the lowering of the fiag will
signalize the end of the World's Columbian Exposition
this evening at sunset. And now, for then, in obedience
\o the provision of the act of congress creating this
prise; thankful for the men who have conceived; thank¬
ful for the men who have planned, as well as for
those who patiently toiled, that this blossom of the ages
might ripen and shed its luster and disseminate its
fragrance; thankfvd for all the agencies here employed
lo establish in the world conditions that will harmonize
the people of the earth and bring them into closer and
more intimate relationship; thankful that He has given
us the almost continuous smile of His sunshine and
stayed the hand of pestilence and storm.
“This is not the time for exultation over our victory
except in so far as to recognize that without the favor
of the God that guided the frail craft of the voyager
four hundred years ago to this land it could not have
been achieved. Exultation would be undignified.
Gratitude to the Almighty is the only feeling, that I can
harbor in my breast except the sorrow which this
closing hour evokes. We are turning our backs upon
the fairest dream of civilization and are about to con¬
sign it to the dust. It is like the death of a dear friend.
meiits, successes and reverses, hopes, fears, and
triumifiis; through it all the World’s Colum¬
bian Exposition had passed successfully It had
fulfilled its mission. It had gathered together
the largest number of people ever congregated
to celebrate a peaceful event on any single
occasion since the dawn of creation. Althougli
secretly rejoicing over the successful termina¬
tion of the great Exposition, the officials re¬
frained from demonstrations, out of respect to
the memory of a distinguished citizen.
It is surprising to the visitor to note the rapid¬
ity with which the World’s Fair has been torn
down. Some of the buildings were practically
empty before the middle of November, and
many in Midway razed to the ground.
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PHOTOGRAPHIC VIEW FROM BALCONY OF EAST COURT, GALLERY OF FINE ARTS, LOOKING WEST, SHOWING A PORTION OF FRENCH EXHIBIT.
004
CAM]’P»EL1/S IIJJISTRATEl) IflSTORV OF THE WORLD'S (M)LTIMHTAN EXPOSITION".
SOUTH ENTRANCE TO ILLINOIS BUILDING. BRAZIL IN DISTANCE.
EXHIBITS AT THE EXPOSITION.
That the Columbian Exposition was a ^reat
International event is plainly shown by tlu'
number of exhibiters from fonn^n conntries
and including almost every country in the world.
It will b(' int(n*estin^ to note tlu^ st'parate ex¬
hibiters in the various departnumts from each
of the following countries:
Argentine Rei)ul)Iie
, 2,102
Italy, - - - 1,104
.Austria,
Git)
Jamaica, - - - 407
.Africa,
.4
Japan, - - - .3,297
.Alg(>ria,-
.TH
Korea, - - - 47
.Australia, -
- 11
Liberia, - - - .39
Helgiuni,
078
Latin .America, - - 11
IJrazil,
- G81
Mexico, - - - 4,344
Itulgaria,
201)
Monaco, - - - 41
|{ririsli (tuiana, -
- 2.’)t)
Netlu'rlands, - - 82
Bolivia, -
o
New South AVah's, - 8G4
Itritish India,
- 14
Norway, ^ - - 471
Ganada. -
1,517
Orange I’ree States,- 18
Gape Colony,
- 73
Porto Ivico, - - 191
C’(‘yl<'ii, -
225
Poland, - - - 125
China,
- 17
Ikuii, - - - 1
(’ostaRica, -
3G2
Portugal, - - - 42
Cuba,-
- 85
Persia, - - - G
Guraeas,
103
Paraguay, - - - 28
Chili, -
G
Russia, - - - 8.50
Denmark,
429
Si)ain, - - -1,985
Ecuador, -
- 133
Syria, - - - ^,3
France, -
3,594
Siam, - - - - 57
Germany, -
3,580
Switzerland, - - 121
Great Britain,
2,8.33
Swedcm, - - - 5,37
Gr(‘eee,
- 208
Trinidad, - - G4
Guatemala, -
12G
Tunis, - - - 10
Honduras, -
2
Turkc'V, - - - 477
Holland,
343
West indies, - - 5
India.
- 138
Including the Kruj)!) (Jun e.xhihits, tluM-e was u
total of Forei^ni exhihittu's, - - -
Total iiuiuber of Anien’can ('xhihiters, - -
Makinff a p:nuicl total of ■ - - GD.IO'i
Medals awarded to Foreifjii exhibiters, - - l.TGTG
Medals awarded to American exhibiters. - 8,(SI
As illustrative of the labor perfornu'd by the
juries of award over 2b0,U00 separate ('xhibits
were examint'd and i-eporttnl upon, out of which
accrued the ultimate total of 2;i,757 medals
awardetl.
It is proper to say that the nnmiterof Ameri¬
can exhibiters, ;I2,8())I, does not in reality show
the coria'ct number, for the reason that there
wt're a ji.'ood many collective exhibits from a
jijreat many ditfeixud, people, but cataloo-m';!
under one headinjr.
Both foreign and American exhibiters were
distributed in the various bnildino-s and depart¬
ments as follow’s:
Agricultural,
1G,117
Ethnology. -
714
iViar.ufactures,
9,859
Leatlu'r, -
- .587
Fine.Arts,-
9,:588
Krupj),
85
Horticultural,
4,827
Live Stock, -
- 4,G3G
Mines and Mining,
0,974
Maclunery. -
1,290
Woman's
4.G53
Forestry,
- 797
Liberal Arts,
3,390
Electricity. -
G.31
Transportation,
1.190
k’isheries.
505
Exhibits in (iovernment building. - - 2,421
A comparative showino- as to departments
would be as follows:
AMERICAN
EXHIBITERS.
FOREIGN EXHIBITERS
Agricultural,
8792
7.325
Manufactures,
1513
834G
Fine A rts.
2991
G397
Liberal Arts,
973
2417
Woman's,
Transportation,
1848
2805
79G
544
Machinery,
772
518
Electricity,
484
147
Forestry,
.39G
401
Ethnology,
374
340
Horticultural,
2105
2722
Mines & Mining,
G704
1526
Leather Building,
293
294
Fisheries.
142
.363
Live Stock.
4G36
Govt. Building,
2421
Tlie total number of exhibits would be greatly
increased by adding those in Foreign buildings
and State buildings that were not men¬
tioned in catalogue, also the great number of
displays made by the various concessionaires.
The approximate value of all exhibits would be
about $00,000,000.
EXHIBITERS IN WOMAN’S BUILDING.
It is a matter for universal congratulation
that the women, for the first time in the history
of expositions, should have had a separate de-
partmeid in the Columbian Exposition and that
they should have been able to secure such a
large number of exhibiters, sijeaks volumes in
favor of the mothers, auids, daughters and
sisters of this great republic.
The number of United States exhibiters was
4,848; exhibits from other countries, 2,802; mak¬
ing total number, 4,050. In reality this does
not proj^eiiy cover the number because there
were several collective exhibits.
We give names (4 foreign countries, with
number of exhibiters: Austria, 00; Belgium,
54; Cape of Go.xl Hope, 25; Cuba, 58; Den¬
mark, 55; Fram-e, 472; Germany, 159; Great
Britain, 045; Guatemala, 50; India, 17; Japan,
70; Mexico, 722; N('w South Wiiles, 115; Nor¬
way, 05; Portugal, 5; Russia collective exhibit,
1; Siam, 15; Spain, 258; Sweden, 54. About
fifteen hundred medals and diplomas were
awarded to the women exhibiters.
CAMPBELL’S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE WORLD’S COLILMBIAN EXPOSITION.
f)()5
CARTER HENRY HARRISON.
Carter Henry Harrison, World’s Fair Mayor
of Chicago, was born in Fayette connly, Ken¬
tucky, in 1825. His ancestors were among the
early settlers in this country, two of the family
having been presidents of the United States.
His father died while he was very young, leav¬
ing his mother in comfortable circumstances.
To the wisdom and gentleness of his mother he
never tired of bearing devoted tribute. To the
love and care with which she sought to instil in
his mind the spirit of truth, he freciuently re¬
ferred, and sought to convey it is a precious
heirloom to his own children.
He was prepared for college under the tutelage
of Dr. Marshall, of Lexington, a brother of the
Chief Justice of the U. S. He entered the soph¬
omore class at Yale in 1842 and graduated in 1845,
and then studied law at Lexington for a year,
From 1847 to 1851 he devoted himself
to the care of the large jdantation his
father had left him as his patrimony.
In 1851 he went abroad. He visit¬
ed London, Edinburgh and Paris. He
ascended the Rhine and traversed the
Alps. He spent several months in
cities of Germany and Austria. It
was while abroad that he perfected
a linguistic ability which was such
an adornment of his culture and fact¬
or in Ids political life. He traveled
a number of months in Syria, Pales¬
tine and Asia Minor in company
«'ith Bayard Taylor, who was then
gathering material for his book, “The
Land of the Saracen.” Bayard Tay¬
lor refers to him in the preface to his
work, as “My traveling comi>anion,
Mr. Carter Henry Harrison of Clifton,
Ky.”
He returned to Kentucky in 1852,
completed his law studies, was ad¬
mitted to the bar, but resumed the
care of his plantation. It was about
this time that he was chcjsen a del¬
egate to the Kentucky anti-slavery
convention, but he did not take a
prominent part in its deliberations.
In 1855 he married Miss Sophonisba
Preston of Henderson, Ky., and to
them were born their four living
children—Lina, wife of Heaton Ows¬
ley, Carter H. Harrison Jr., William
Preston Harrison, and Sophie G.
Ha rrison.
Soon after his marriage he came to
Chicago. Its young, vigorous pro¬
gress captivated him, and two years
later he sold his Kentucky property for $30,000,
invested the sum in real estate in Chicago,
and became identified with the city’s life as a
citizen.
He began the practice of law, but he experi¬
enced such a diffidence in addressing courts and
juries and so little taste for his profession that he
relinquished it and devoted himself to the read
estate business in which he was highly suc¬
cessful
His political career began in 1871, after the
great fire, when the disorganized state of public
his opponent this time also being Ward. The
contest was close and Mr. Harrison was elected
by the slender majority of eight votes. He was
re-elected by a larger majority two years later
against George R. Davis.
In 1879 he was first nominated for the mayor-
ship. He was elected by a plurality, but as
there was a socialistic ticket in the held which
Ijolled 11,000 votes he did not receive a majority.
In 1881 he was re-elected, this time receiving a
majority of all the votes cast. In 1883 he was
again elected by a larger majority still, and
again in 1885, though in this cam]3aign the en¬
tire daily press of the city opposed him. It was
in this campaign tliat his wonderful presence
and personal influence with the people \vas
shown. In 1887 he was offered a hfth nomina¬
tion ljut declined it. The convention, however,
would not accept his It'tter of declination, but
by acclamation, unanimously and with the great-
IION. CARTER HENRY HARRISON,
wniicn’s FAiu mayor of cmoAtJo.
est enthusiasm insisted on his becoming its
candidate. Mr. Harrison accepted only on con¬
dition that every delegate pledge himself by
uplifted hand to support his candidacy. The
pledge was given with royal enthusiasm. The
illness of his wife who died four weeks later,
coupled with vicious attacks by the local Demo¬
cratic press and the reported opposition of the
Democratic administration at Washington,
forced him to withdraw, and John A. Roche
was elected, defeating Robert Nelson.
The campaign of the siiring of 1891 was a
affairs called for active efforts of public spirited most astounding proof of his univers?d poimlar-
citizens. He was elected a county commis¬
sioner that fall on what was called the “fire¬
proof” or citizen's ticket. In 1872 he ran for
congress in the second district against Jaspar his candidacy to the people.
D. Ward but was defeated by a plurality of /OO
votes. ^ Two years later he was again a candidate.
ity. Believing that he had been diJranded (jf
the nomination at the primaries, he yielded to
the demands of his party friends, and sulimitted
A most .stirring
and marvelous campaign followed. He made
addresses in every ward and district of the city.
In the original twenty-four wards which com¬
prised the city when he was mayor before, he
received a plurality of the votes cast. The
districts which liatl been annexed since his pre¬
vious administration turned the scale and (fleeted
Hempstead Washburne, the Republican candi¬
date, by a small plurality.
He was nominated in 1893 and triumphantly
elected by more than 20,000 majority ov('r Sam¬
uel W. Ailertoii the citizen's candidate, endorsed
by the repulilicans.
Of the magnificent manner in which he
acqnitt(Hl himself of the duties of World’s Fair
mayor, the press of the entire country has borne
evidence. In welcoming and entertaining the
guests of the city and of the country he dis¬
played the dignified conrtsey andsuperbappreci¬
ation of the canons and principh'S of true
gamtility which follow inborn and cultivated
gentlemaidiness.
It was on his return from an occa¬
sion when he had extended the wel-
conu' and hospitality of the city to tin'
visiting mayors and municipal offi¬
cers of other citii's, that he was shot
down, fi.ss.assinati'd in his own hou.se,
on the evening of Get. 28, 1893, by
Jost'ph Patrick Eugene Prendergast.
His assassination shocked the coun¬
try and the world as it has not been
sliock(‘d siiua' tin' assassinatioit of
Pn'sidciit Gartield. 'Lc'th'rs and tel-
('giMiiis of con(lol('nc(' and sympathy,
])onred in to tin' stricken family Iroin
rc'presentativc's of ('very gov('rnnn'nt
in tin' world. Tin' Pia'sidc’iit of tin'
Uniti'd Stall's spok(' of his (h'ath
as a national calamity. Political and
social organizations of ('V('ry sliadt'
of thought adopted resijlutions ot
la'spect and regret. Notice was taken
of it in nearly every pulpit in tin'
land. Thronghont tin' city on both
public and private buildings embh'ins
of mourning were dis])layed.
Garter H. Harrison had a coinpier-
ing presence. It disarmed antagon¬
ism. It dissolved prejudice. It
commanded r('sp('ct. It awakein'd
admiration. No oppi^nent of Ids who
came to know him p('rsonally bi'came
other than a ivspectful opponent.
Personal enemies he had noin', ('xci'pt
those whose enmity was a tribute' to
his character. Political en('mi('s he
had, even in his own party, as ('very
masterful man in tin' domain of poli¬
tics must have where ambitions clash,
and present success-not orotnises
for the future—is the only coin that the wise man
will accept. But as he cherisln'd no ivsent-
meiits, bore no malice, conceived no vindictiva'-
ness, he did not arouse these pa.ssions in others.
The way was always clear so far as he was con-
ceriK'd, for a re-establi.shnn'iit of amity with his
political opponents, if they had formerly been his
partisans, or for them to come into amity with
him, if they had always been his o])ponent. N(3r
was there in this characteristic anything siids-
ter. But his was a genial, ('xjiansive nature.
Hatred, ill-will, cont('ntion merely for tin' sake
(jf c(jntenti( 3 n, were all ali('n to his disposition.
B('sides he loved applause as (hns every honest
man that courts faun'.
Yet for worthy ends or laudable ambit ions, he
hesitated at no struggh', however bitb'r, no C(3n-
tr( 3 versy Injwever acrimonious, injr fdlowed
detraction to deter him from his purpose.
(CAMPBELL’S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE WORLD’S COLUMBIAX EXPOSITION.
() 0 ()
MEDICAL BUREAU.
Although the Exposition was not formally
opened until Alay 1, 189)1, as early as June 1,
1891 it beeanie necessary to establish a medical
bureau that sliould have charge of all cases of
personal injury and sudden illness, as well as
all sanitary and hygienic matters on the grounds
and in tlie various buildijif.!:s.
Before the Ex]josition was fully ori^anized the
service of t his department was found to l)e valu¬
able in ])rop('rly carinn; for the injured work-
nuni, who w('re en^ayed on the sjjrounds, and
after the visitors were admitted, in ^reat num¬
bers, the aml)ulanc('s could l)e seen almost any
Inmr in tlu' day, carryin.L( patients to the ('iner-
^ency hosj)ilals.
Countini^ tin' two substations the hosi)ital had
forty-nine l)eds apportioned between the male
and female wards, fifty invalid chairs, f(mr
progressive improvement of the world and this
thought has a particular bearing on the results
that may be expected from holding such a
great Exposition of the accomplished possibili¬
ties of man.
Object lessons are the greatest edimators of
any peoi)le and when it is known that a great
disnlay of the works of man are to be exhibited
the people are ready and anxious to attend, be¬
cause they have come to believe that the mind
of man is fertile with new ideas and can show
an elasticity and improvement every day.
The World’s Columbian Exposition was in
eti'ect a (aunbination of all the ex]X)sitions ever
held; because of its magnitude and completeness
in every de})artment.
If all the expositions aidedating tlie great
W(add’s Fair of 1893 could have been trans¬
planted to Chicago, each showing the best im¬
provements up to the day such expositions were
definitely determine, but we may confidently
believe that the mysterious process of generat¬
ing new thoughts is going on in the minds of
thousands of peoide, that will in the future
benefit the world.
The inventive genius of man is not so much
an accpiired faculty as it is inherent in some
people, and it is not too much to affirm fhaf the
civilization of this -day and age is the natural
secpience of the attainments of former ages and
people.
A thought, design, or invention of to-day
may not reach the popular mind so as to be of
any practical benefit at once, but as the clock
of time measures off its hours, weeks, months
or years the desirable thoughts of former years
are gathered up and take their jjroper places in
the general literature and text books of the
future.
It is frequently the case that some of the best
VIEW OF THE .CASINO. QUADRIGA ON THE PERISTYLE AND THE MUSIC HALL.
two-horse ambulances, one hundred and fifty
stretchers and one electric launch, so that sud¬
den cases of illness or injury could be cpiickly
Oared for.
During the service of this bureau there were
2,8()0 surgical and 2,1(54 medical cases; the medi¬
cal director had a full corps of aide physicians
and trained nurses so that all cases were as sci¬
entifically and carefully cared for as they would
have been in any city hospital. Every facility
was accorded by the Exposition management to
this bureau which was to look after the health
and bodily comfort of emergency cases. The
expense of the departmeid was $44,983.03.
THE W(4RLD'8 PROGRESS AS SHOWN
AT THE EXPOSITION.
The consideration of any subject, should be
with a view of ascertaining its relations to the
held, the entire display would not have equalled
what was seen at the White City in Jackson
Park.
When the final and last history of the world
is written, the results of the Columbian Exposi¬
tion will be plainly discernable on almost every
page, because it will be seen that the prominent
thoughts then uppermost in the minds of artists
and inventors were directly traceable to this
day and age.
It is not a wild or foolish statement to say
that the future life and happiness of man, will
be greatly benefitted and increased because of
the educational advantages growing out of this
great display of object lessons and such a state¬
ment can be logically proven true in advance of
its full fruition.
How many minds have been enlarged in their
field of vision by seeing the materialized thought
of other minds it would be impossible to
thinkers of the world have inJ commenced their
lives of usefulness until they have ceased to live.
In other words, their thoughts and inventions
have not been adopted until they have passed
beyond their ability to enjoy the fruits of their
labor.
In the economy of nature it seems to be true,
that a person can not materially benefit Inmself
witl’out conferring e([uiva]ent l)enetit cm the
human family and nowhere has this thought
been more plainly manifest than at the great
Columbian Exposition.
Relics hunters are as bold in their work of
vandalism in Jackson Pai’k that nothing escapes
their liands. Buildings and pavilions were looted
of everything that could be carried away, from
a nail to a door or a window. Nothing that
could possibly be taken as a relic was left in
Midway plaisance by the crowds.
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PHOTOGRAPH OF THE INTERIOR OF TRANSPORTATION BUILDING,
SHOWING CARRIAGE AND BICYCLE EXHIBITS AND OTHER SPECIAL
FEATURES.
()(!{{
CAMPBELL’S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE WORLD’S COLUMBIAX EXPOSITION.
GERMANY’S POSITION AT THE EX-
POSITION.
The leading^ part taken ])y Germany in the
World's Fair classes her and Inn- business men
anion^ the most progressive of any European
country. She was one of the first of foreign
nations t(i respond to the invitation sent out by
this country asking the world to take i)art in
the grcait (exhibition.
The building ('rected by that country on the
shore of Lake Michigan was one of the nu^st
imposing structures among the foreign build¬
ings and fully re])r(‘sent«'d the architecture (jf
the Fatlu'rland, The interior of the structure
was titt('d up after tin' style of houses in Ger¬
many and coidained an ('xhibit that was both
unicpui and int('r('sl ing. Tln^ grounds were also
mad(5 attractive', a handsome fountain adding to
the beauty of the surroundings.
There was not a departnu'iit at the Exposition
in which she did not have exhibits. The space
occupie'd in the Manufacture's and Liberal Arts
de})artme]it far exceeded that of any other
foreign nation and the extent and value of the
PHOTOGRAPH OF GERMAN AND SPANISH BUILDINGS, WORLD’S FAIR.
The Fine Arts department contained some of
the finest work of German artists, and the space
occupied was one of the largest. Over 600 ex¬
hibits came from that country, containing
works of both artist and sculptor. The Imperial
Parliament building at Berlin was a reproduc¬
tion that attracted much attention.
In the educational department of Liberal
Arts Germany was ably represented, the kind¬
ergarten system receiving special attention.
Besides the exhibit made in the ditferent de-
j)artinents, the Krux)p Company made by far the
largest and most complete, as well as the most
expensive exhibit of any xndvate firm in this or
any other country. The sj)ecial building they
erected in the south jjart of the grounds and
which was devoted entirely to the exhibit of
this firm was one of the attractive jioints for all
visitors. All who were privileged to view the
Xjonderous armament, ranging from small field
ffieces to the huge 120-ton gun, were a unit in
calling it the greatest exhibit at the Fair. This
firm expended over a million dollars in the ex¬
hibit and deserved the credit they received
from all.
exhibit was in excess of other countries. In
the Mining department one of the finest exhi¬
bits made came from a firm in Germany.
In all the ditferent departments there were
about 6,000 exhibiters and the total value of all
the exhibits was over $10,000,000. The repro¬
duction of the German wine cellar in the Hewti-
cultural department was one of the features of
that exhibit that attracted more attention than
any other one thing in the building. In the
Machinery hall some of the finest and most in¬
tricate machinery was shown by representatives
of that country.
In the Agricultural deiDartment Germany
made a great variety of exhibits, showing all
the ditferent products of the country, malt and
beer taking a x)roniinent place. In this depart¬
ment many of thexmvate exhibits were marvels
of Ix'auty and attractiveness.
In the department of Electricity Germany
made many exhibits of some of the latest inven¬
tions of her countrymen. The huge search
lights so x^opular during the Exposition can
claim that country as their birthidace, they be¬
ing used very extensively in Germany.
PHOTOGRAPH OF FOUNTAIN NEAR GERMAN BUILDING, WORLD’S FAIR.
PHOTOGRAPH OF KRUPP GUN BUILDING, WORLD’S FAIR.
CAMPBELL’S ILLLSTIIATEI) IIISTOBY OF THE WORLD'S (’OLUMBIAX EXPOSITION,
GREAT STATUE OF THE REPUBLIC.
The largest statue ever made in America is
the one designed by Mr. D. C. French, “The
Republic.” The pedestal on which the statue
stood was built in the grand basin immediately
in front of the Peristyle fronting the Ad¬
ministration building in the distance, and was
one of the crowning features of the Court of
Honor. It was thirty-five feet high to the base
of the statue, so that from a height of about
one hundred feet, the representative of freedom
looked out on the Exposition buildings. If, as
some of our great scientists of the day are en¬
deavoring to prove^ our Mother Eve was two
hundred feet in height, one can get a fair idea
of her supremely beautif ul and imposing stature
by a look at this magnificent statue. It was
not so high as they are trying to maintain Eve
was, but it was high enough to give a good idea
of what she looked like.
Imagine a woman sixty-five feet tall, with a
figure that is absolutely perfect in its symmetry.
Every line and curve, every measurement of
length and girth in accordance with the ideas
of the old Grecian sculptors. In a word, a
Venus, though a modestly draped one, twelve or
fifteen times the stature of the most beautiful
women that adorn the earth. The arms and
hands were upraised toward the head. In her
right hand she held a globe, on which an eagle
rested with outspread wings. The left hand
grasped a pole, on top of which was a liberty
cap. The symbol of the globe and eagle was
that Liberty invites the nations of the earth to
live under the form of government which our
eagle symbolizes. The globe was invitingly
held forth, under the fostering shelter of the
eagle’s wing.
The left arm and hand was stretched upward
to its utmost length and lifted the pole and
liberty cap high above the head to imply that
the Republic holds liberty jiaramount to every¬
thing else.
The features of the statue had a look of
proud contentment and happiness, as if there
was nothing left to be desired in her existence.
A laurel wreath rested on the head, with the
topmost leaves approaching nearly to a point
above her forehead. The hair was arranged
in a heap at the back of the head after the
fashion of the Grecian models. The drapery
of the statue lay in heavy folds on the arms
and shoulders and fell in graceful curves on
the sides.
The bust was covered with armored shields
and on the bosom rested an eagle with wings
outstretched. A corsage envelo 2 )ed the waist,
and from it depended a chain which held a
sword on the right side of the figure. The
drapery hung in close folds from the corsage to
the feet. The statue had a diadem of electric
lights.
From the chin to the top of the head was
fifteen feet, and the arms were thirty feet long.
It takes a measurement about twenty-four feet
long to go around the head and hair. The nose
was thirty inches long. It was possible for four
men to find sitting room on the hand of the
statue and it would take a wedding ring ten
and one half inches in dimeter to fit her finger.
The length of the forefinger was forty-five
inches.
There was a stairway through the inside of
the figure, and the man who attended to the
electric lights in the diadem would clamber uj:)
a ladder in the lady’s neck and out through a
doorway in the crown of her head.
The entire figure was covered with gold leaf.
CONVENT OF LA RABIDA.
If it had not been for the fact that Columbus
was at one time sorely pressed for fuod and
shelter, an exact representation of the Convent
La Rabida would not have occupied a very im¬
portant iJage in history, but it was at this con¬
vent that he applied for slielter and his stay
was made so welcome that he there worked out
his theory of a western world, which later was
realized in the discovery of America. It was
proper to reproduce this convent and show all
the important Columbus documents and manu¬
scripts that have been preserved. Among these
invaluable documents can be found the original
commission to Columbus appointing him grand
admiral of the ocean seas, and vice king of all
the lands he should discover, dated April 30,
1492, and signed by Ferdinand and Isabella.
Royal letters commanding the inhabitants of
Palos to furnish him two caravals. Royal
letters authorizing him to take without charge
anything needed for his voyage dated May 15,
1)09
1492. Letters allowing him to pass freely
through all ports, cities, towns and villages.
May 23, 1493, as appears by a royal letter,
the sovereigns of Spain commanded Columbus
to prepare for a second voyage and another letter
commanding captains and masters of vessels to
recognize Admiral Christopher Columbus as
Captain General.
Manuscripts of instructions given to Colum¬
bus for his second voyage by Ferdinand and
Isabella.
The original memoranda written by Colum¬
bus to the sovereigns of Spain concerning the
money recpiired to compensate and subsist the
three hundred people who were to sail with him
on the second voyage.
Bill of Pope Alexander V. granting to Spain
all lands discovered by Columbus.
Letter from the sovereigns to Columbus urg¬
ing him to hasten his departure for the Judies,
dated Aug. 18, 1493.
Decree of Ferdinand and .Isabella granting to
Columbus an annuity (d‘ 10,000 maravedis, to
be paid from the tax upon the butcher slumps of
Cordova during his life time.
A large number of royal letters to Columbus
STATUE OF THE REPUBLIC, LOOKING WEST, GRANT) BASIN.
(;i(i
CAMPr.ELI/S II.LrSTKATKI) IlISTOKV OF THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAX EXPOSITIOX.
on the detail of \vf)rk, with his replies and, tin-
ally, the will of Coliiinbus conferring the right
of succession t(3 his son.
The time-worn paintings, relics and church
rituals were of great iidi'rest to many visitors
becaiise of their age and value. iNlaps, charts,
andglolx's sliowing tin' knowledge of tlie 2 )eo 2 )le
of that day ns to the ('arth’s geography, and
many other interesting exhibits, were housed in
the Convent.
A VISIT TO THE EXPOSITION.
It hasbf'en said that every impression made
on tlu' mind is (nan'lasting, because the mind,
which is tlie real man or 2 )erson, will continue
to live after the shell or body of man has
mouldeix'd into dust.
Go with ns in numiory and we will look again
at some of the matcldess buildings at Jackson
Pfirk, as well as a few of the most interesting
exhibits, Jiiul see if we cannot recall the im-
pressions they made u 2 )on us when we tirst be¬
came entranced with their Ix'autyand grandeur.
A short ride from Chicago, which was a 2 )art
of the great Ex 2 )osition, will land us at the
VIEW OF WOODED ISLAND, LAGOON, FISHERIES,
VTV.W OT? nOXWENT T.A RARIDA. WORT.D’S FAIR
the machinery in the great building, and there
is the mill, 2 >i‘hiting 2 Ji'tisses, weaving
machines in full operation, and indeed every
kind of wheel and machine that one can imagine,
not forgetting the great Allis engine which
has been admired by every visitor.
Austria, Belgium, Canada, Ceylon, Denmark,
Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Ja 2 jan, Norway,
Sweden, as well as the United States, were all
fully re 2 )reseiited with machinery of every kind.
Passing out of the east entrance of Alachinery
building and turning to the right, we will go
with the crowd to the Stock Pavilion or Am2dii-
theatre, where we find Canadian, Russian,
French and American horses, as well as 2 )rize
cattle, shee23 and hogs on exhibition. We can
admire them if we cannot buy, and then aftG’
2 )assing that S2)lendid collection of wind mills
which first turned in the minds of men before
they became objective realities, we can enter the
Anthrojjological building, the exhibits of which
illustrate the work and doings of prehistoric
man. To examine all the interesting exhibits
in this building and indulge in any si^eculation
as to the age of ihose mummies or the many other
things that antedate our own existence, would
BRAZIL AND SWEDISH BUILDINGS. require a week, so let us walk through the
Terminal Station and there we can see on the
face of the clocks fronting the inner court, the
('xact tinu' in evm-y inqxjrtant city on the globe,
with 2 )arlors, lunch room, barber sho2), lavatories
and every conveidence of a first class railroad
station.
IIast('idng across the 2^1fiza we enter the Ad¬
ministration l)uilding, that monument of archi¬
tectural beauty which has been (daimed to bo
without a 2 )cer in any country; in the center of
the rotunda, we must ('xamine that handsome
model of the United States Treasury building-
covered entirely with Columbian Souvenir
Coins, the same as were sold by the young
ladi('s inside the enclosure. This model was the
largest and most valuable ever constructed.
No wonder it was always surrounded by a great
crowd. The balance of the building was occiqjied
by offices of the 2 ^i’ominent officials, and hence
we will cross over to the right and enter the
Alachimn-y Hall. See that immense crane
crowded with 2 )assengers, 2 H’ 02 xdled by electric
2 )ower and quickly running from one end of the
building to the otiier. There are the mammoth
dynamos that generate the power which turns
PORTICO OF FRENCH BUILDING
AND FOUNTAIN.
Forestry and Leather buildings in both of
which we find very interesting displays.
We were told by one of the attendants that
Forestry building covered a space of 200x500 feet
and there we found sainijles of every kind of
timber and wood known in the country, such
as pine, white oak, red oak and sassafras, red¬
wood, red cedar, white ash, hickory, huckle¬
berry, sycamore and walnut, elm, birch and
spruce, samples of all were shown, of the wood
in natural state, as well as polished and var¬
nished to mirror-like brilliancy.
In the gallery of the Leather building were
fully equipped factories, with machinery and
workmen turning out boots and shoes in great
numbers, while on the main floor was the most
extensive exhibitof leather in the rough, highly
finished and manufactured articles. The prin¬
cipal countries of the world were largely repre¬
sented and everything capable of being made
out of leather was seen, from the brogan of a
wood chopper to the most delicate white slipper
of a bride, as well as a complete exhibit of
India rubber, boots, shoes and other useful ar¬
ticles.
CAXADA^S BUILDING AND THE BRITISH MONUMENT.
WIND MILL EXHIBIT AND OTHER FEATURES IN SOUTH END OF THE GROUNDS.
potatoes, tubers and other root crops, broom
corn, punq)kins, squashes, peas and beans,
dried meats, smoked beef, hams and bacon.
Several varieties of cotton with tnachines for
planting, cultivating, iricking, ginning and bail¬
ing. Wool in the fleece, in sacks and in bales.
Machines and appliances used in silk culture,
with silk worms and cocoons, with literature
covering every department of agriculture and
machinery used. The galleries of this building
were also full of most attractive exhibits.
Let us now, while crossing over the Peristyle,
take a look at the Goddess of Liberty in bur¬
nished gold with the Grand Basin, MacMonnit'S
Fountain and Administration building still
further west, and wonder if such a sight was
ever seen before.
But here we are at the south door of the
Manufactures building, the largest edifict' ever
erected and covering over thirty acres of grovind.
Passing to the main aisle what a kaleidoscopic
view we have. On either side the attractive
displays of Italy, Kussia, Switzerland, Norway
and France, and in the very centre of this aisle
and building is that beautiful eloi'k pagoda with
a model of the ^Vashingtcm monument under¬
neath, covered with silver. Just beyond is the
Next we will pass through the Krupp build¬
ing and see those iniinonse guns that will carry
their missiles of destruction for many miles,
but as we look let us hope that they will never
be used to destroy human life.
The Convent La Rabida is now in our way
and we will examine the original commission
given to Columbus by Ferdinand and Isabella,
of Spain, besides all the known manuscripts
given to Columbus before and immediately fol¬
lowing his discovery of America. Coming out
of the Convent, we have the three caravels,
Santa Maria, Pinta and Nina, exact fac-similes
of the originals used by Cohimbus. Few there
be now who would risk their lives in such speci¬
mens since the majestic ocean steamer has been
in use.
Now let us walk hastily through the Agricul¬
tural building where we can find every kind of
machine for working the soil and prei)aring
grain, besides some of the best and artistic ar¬
rangements in way of decorating with grains
ever shown. Here we found all kinds of cereals,
grasses and forage-plants, bread, biscuits,
pastes, starch, sugars, syrups and confectionery.
VIEW
OF WHALEBACK STEAMER
“COLUMBUS” ENROUTE TO THE FAIR.
(>12
(:amim’,fjj;s illusthatkj) iiistoky of the woklivs Columbian exposition.
VICTORIA HOUSE. GREAT BRITAIN'S BUILDING AT THE PAIR.
different classes of exhibits, covering every¬
thing in the line of education, literature, engi¬
neering, public works, music and drama.
The educational modes, apparatus, and appli¬
ances were in great abundance and variety, and
the result of this great display and college of
education, will show itself in the future history
of all countries.
Passing to the Government building we see
that immense tree from California with the
large collection brought from the Smithsonian
Institute, both biological and zoological, which
have attracted the attention of scientific stu¬
dents from all lands and countries.
We can now cross the bridge to the Fisheries
building and see every specimen of Hie-finny
tribe gracefully swimming around in their na¬
tive element, and going through the connecting
passage way we found the prepared fish pro¬
ducts from all sections.
Coming out of this building we will turn to
the right and examine that model of a United
States man-of-war which is of such interest as
to be always crowded, and moored near by is
German, Japan and American exhibits that to
b(' rememl)ered are to be admired. Here also
is that euoruKuis teh'scope which will hence¬
forth bring the planets and stars still nearer and
delight astronomers with its accuracy.
In this great building were 121 distinct groups
of exhibits, any one of which would recpiire
hours to fully examine; chemical and pharma¬
ceutical products in great variety, paints, colors
dy('s, and varnishes, l)ooks, writing and wrapp¬
ing papers, typewriters of all kinds; furniture,
upludstery and artistic decorations; ceramics
and mosaics, ancient Roman and Grecian ware
as well as stoneware. j)ottery and tiling: wood
carving, ivory, carving, scul])tured and engraved
glass, gold and silver ware in great variety and
beauty.
Silks and silk fabrics of every pattern and
value; woolen goods in bolt and manufactured
articles to fit any size or shape of man, woman
or child.
Heating and cooking stoves and a]) 2 )aratus in
great variety. A volume might be filled with
the useful, ornamental, and attractive exhibits
in all the different classes.
The entire gallery of this building was occu-
[jied by the de 2 )artmeidof Liberal Arts, with 938
SOUTH POND, RUINS OF YUCATAN, WHALING VESSEL AND OTHER FEATURES.
BUILDING ERECTED BY VENEZUELA AT THE FAIR.
the “Viking” in size, shape and appointments,
the same as those ancient Norsemen first reached
America, long years before Columbus sailed
from Spain.
Walking west again, we have the great galaxy
of foreign and state buildings, each one of them
full of interest. But we must hasten on to the
Woman’s building where we found a magnifi¬
cent disijlay of everything attractive and ajij^ro-
priate for such a jDlace.
We pass through the Kindergarten or Chil¬
dren’s building and see the bright-eyed babies
in their little cribs, being cared for by good at¬
tendants while their mammas are enjoying some
jiart of the great Exjposition.
The Horticultural building has a flavor of Ihe
finest fruits that can be grown and from every
state in the Union, while the iilants of every
kind would require a full page* to even name.
We hasten on to the Transportation building
where every known means of conveyance can
be .seen, from the crude ox cart to the hand¬
somest carriages, locomotives, Pullman and day
coaches, bicycles, sleighs, tally-ho’s, etc.
Passing over to the Mines building, we found
CAMPBELL’S ILLUSTRATEr) HISTORY OF THE WORLD’S COLLMBIAX EXPOSITION.
(ilH
specimens of every kind of minerals in great
profusion, but time admonishes us to hasten
along and see the great display of electrical ap¬
paratus which we cannot describe, but we can
wonder how it is that this element of nature
was not harnessed for use long years ago, and
we may also indulge the hope that in years
soon to come, our houses will be more generally
lighted and heated with this medium so well
calculated to add to the comfort of man.
Again we are near the Terminal station and
the train will carry us back to our homes.
ARIZONA, OKLAHOMA AND NEW
MEXICO.
Recognizing the truism, “that in union there
is strength” New Mexico, Arizona and Okla¬
homa united their forces and money in the erec¬
tion of a joint building in the north end of the
Exposition grounds to be used principally as
lieadquarters, though they fountl it convenient to
have many interesting relics of the present
Indian tribes in their section of country, as well
as some from the earlier davs, before the foot of
building erected by new MEXICO, OKLAHOMA AND ARIZONA.
BUILDING ERECTED BY NORWAY AT THE EXPOSITION.
tions of the bows of the viking sliips.
The bold challenging position of these latter,
defying the waves of a troubled ocean, are pic¬
tured in the similar tigures in the “Stav Kirke ’
style of architecture, swiinming like ships in
the deep Norwegian valleys, the surrounding
mountains of that beautiful “land of the mid¬
night sun,” repiesenting (he waves of the mighty
ocean.
The building was 2()xt() feet in size' and con¬
structed of piiu^ of which Norway can j)roduce
the finest in the world. This building was
specially ereetcal for tin* commissioners’ head-
(piarters and a rendezvous foi' Norw('gian visit¬
ors. The exhibits of this couidry were found in
the Art, Manufactures and Fislieries buildings
Such artists as Werens Kjold. Eilif Idetersou,
Otto Sindig, Thowlow, Krogli. Smith-Hold,
Arbor, Hans Dahl and others of wide reputa¬
tion, not forgetting iMr. Balling, whose painting
of “Grant and His Generals” was sold foi- $25,-
000. He is also the author of a painting r('j)re-
senting the di.scovery of America by Leif Erik-
sen, eight hundred years ago.
It may l)e said that the celebration of the dis¬
covery of America by Columbus stirred up the
white man had impressed that soil.
The principal exhibits from these territories
were found in the Manufactures, Horticultural,
Forestry, Mines and Mining and Agricultural
buildings. In all of these departments credit¬
able displays were made. In the march of pro¬
gress shown by the Exposition as a whole, it is
plain to be seen that the younger states and
territories are keeping step with the longer set¬
tled sections of the country.
NORWAY AT THE EXPOSITION.
Norway’s pavilion at the Exposition was
built in the so-called “Slav Kirke” style, a
style of architecture distinctly Norwegian, dat¬
ing from the twelfth ceidury.
The idea conveyed by this style of building
can best be understood by those acquainted
with the Norwegian natural scenery and history,
which have set their stamp on these peculiar
church structures.
The decorative figures on the gables very
strikingly represent the different ornamenta-
CART FROM RED RIVER, MINNESOTA, EARLY TRANSPORTATION,
^>11 (;ampbeli;s illus'
Norwegians to a sense of dnty toward the mem¬
ory of their own liero and early discovery of
America. Tlie ship unearthed at Sandef jord in
1880, after a t)urial of more than one tliousand
years, by far tlie largest, most remarkat)le and
valuable anticpiity of that kind in existence,
was reproduced by a number of enthusiastic
Norwegians and sailed with a competent crew
across the Atlantic and through the canals and
Lake to Chicago.
PLTKIFIED WOOD EXHIBIT.
In the north end of the Manufactures Vmild-
ing there was an exhibit of petritied wood,
which very properly attracted a great deal of
attention.
It has always laani the case that anything
out of the usual course of nature will hold the
attention of scientitically inclined thinkers.
The usual process of decay returns every-
TIATEI) HlSTOltV OF THE WORLD'S (HLF
was in this l)uilding that the principal exhibits
of Dejxirtment M was located. This depart¬
ment included the several groups of Ethnology,
Archmology, Anthropological laboratory. His¬
tory and Natural history.
Very early in the formative work of preparing
for the Exposition agents were sent by Prof. F.
W. Putnam, chief of this department, to all
parts of Ncu'th, Central and South America,
with instructions to gather the most complete
collection of specimens, illustrating the several
groups in this department that could be found.
A large number of exhibits w’ere also received
from Assyria, Egypt, Greece and Rome, and
the collection from the Chicago Art Museum.
The Vienna, Russia and Berlin exhibits were
very interesting and Asia and Africa were also
represented.
The exhibit from New South Wales in this
and all other departments was full and complete.
Several of the Pacific Islands were represented.
HUAX EXPOSITION.
any relics of a pre-historic people failed of rep.
resentation among the thousands of specimens
on exhibition.
Articles of warfare and husbandry could be
seen that dated back several thousand years be¬
fore Christ.
There was one fact demonstrated by the ex¬
hibit, and this was that the relics from the coun¬
tries showing an ancient civilization were, to a
certain extent, similar and led one to conclude
that at some time in the past these people must
have been of one family and race. Their sepa¬
ration and subsequent modes of living and the
climatic conditions eventually divided them
into new races.
PUBLIC COAIFORT.
Early in the organization of the different de¬
partments for carrying on the detail work of
the Exposition, it became apparent that a
ARIZONA PETRIFIED WOOD EXHIBIT IN MANUFACTURES DEP
ARTMENT, WORLD’S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
thing to its original elements, but in the petri¬
fied specimens of wo(xl there was a change of
the very order of nature, in that the trees of the
forest, instead of decaying and returning to
dust, have, by the action of some unknown
chemistry, been turned into stone.
The variegated coloring of these specimens
showing in accurate detail the grain of the wood
and polished to the brilliancy of a mirror, were
very beautiful, and that they might be made,
useful as well as ornamental, they were manu¬
factured into table, bureau and dressing case
tops and other desirable articles.
ETHNOLOGY AND ARCH.ROLOGY AT
THE EXPOSITION.
The Anthropological building was the last of
the Exposition buildings to be completed audit
The several collections of relics illustrating
the life and habits of the North American
Indians were full of interest. Among them
were mummies, or the preserved remains of
aboriginal natives, sitting erect in the last posi¬
tion taken by the body before the spirit had
down across the river to worlds unknown.
Collections from New York, Indiana, Wisconsin,
Ohio, Colorado, Utah and Missouri were to
be seen; also the Canadian exhibit. The
collections made in all parts of Central Amer¬
ica and Mexico were very interesting to all
students.
The Argentine Republic, Paraguay and
Brazil were well represented and, indeed, the en¬
tire building, main door and galleries were full
of specimens, secured at great cost of time and
money, but in an educational line, invaluable.
No section in the United States containing
“Bureau of Public Comfort,” must be a promi¬
nent feature.
Thousands of letters were received from
people in all parts of the country, enquiring as
to the style and cost of such accommodations as
they desired. All such communications were
turned over to this bureau.
Hotels, boarding and private houses, where
rooms were to be rented, could register their lo¬
cation and description of rooms with this bureau,
so that applicants could be promptly referred
to them for temporary houses.
When the Exposition dually opened the work
of this bureau could be seen in every building—
in check rooms, barber shops, lavatories, drink¬
ing water, lunch counters, etc.
The building cost $26,936.45 and the repairs
and expense of conducting were $123,467.78 mnk-
ing the total expense $150,404.23.
OAMPBELT/S ILI.rSl
MRS. M. R. M. WALLACE,
LADY MANAGKR PROM ILLINOI.S.
MRS. M. R. M. WALLACE.
Mrs. M. R. M. Wallace, whose maiden name
was Emma R. Grilson, was born at Lamoille, III.,
Sept. 2, 1841.
She married Col. M. R. M. Wallace Sept. 2,
1863, their weddinj^ to\ir being to the “front.”
They remained in the South till the war ended,
returning to Chicago in 1876. Mrs. Wallace
has been president of the Illinois Woman’s
Universalist Association for years. The work
accomplished by this association, under her
leadership, has been widespread and of great
importance to those interested in Universalist
churches.
She was among the fiist to interest the public
in a Woman’s department of the World’s Fair.
As one of the Lady Managers of the World's
Fair many were benefitted by her wisdom and
experience, and her influence was seen and felt
in many ways.
--- % - — -
R. A. ROGERS.
R. A. Rogers, chief clerk of the World’s Col¬
umbian Commission, was born in Fairhaven,
Massachusetts, and comes of good old Puritan
stock, his ancestors being directly traced back
to Thomas Rogers, who was a passenger on
board the Mayflower when she came to New
England in 1620.
M. H. LANE,
NATIONAL COMMISSIONER FROM MICHIGAN.
RATED HISTORY OF THE WORLIUS COITU
At the age of twenty-one he went west but
did not remain long. Returning east, the “oil
regions” of Pennsylvania otfering bright pros¬
pects, he located there and remained a number
of years, passing through all the varied experi¬
ences, incident to that cosinojiolitan locality.
In 1890, Mr. Rogers came to Chicago and on
October first of that year, entered the office of
Hon. Jno. T. Dickinson, secretary of the
World’s Columbian Commission, and by reason
of his past experience he was well equipped to
render valuable service in connection with that
office.
By efficiency and faithful attention to the
duties assigned him, he was gradually promoted
to the responsible position of chief clerk.
INFLUENCE OF THE EXPOSITION.
The influence the Exposition will have in
shaping the future commercial relations of this
country with other countries is a matter that
can only be conjectured. Each country having
on exhibit at the World’s Fair presented some¬
thing for the consideration of every other coun¬
try. In certain industries one country showed
superiority over another. As the best from each
country was shown the residt has lieen that one
country gained new ideas from another and, if
by acting on these ideas greater returns should
follow, they will be adopted at once.
The direct influence the Exposition will have
upon many foreign countries that have heieto-
fore held aloof from this country, will be closer
business and social relations. No country or
lieojile in this present century can be brought
into contact with a progressive nation like the
United States without being more or less in¬
fluenced thereby. This was shown among the
people of Oriental extraction. These people are
a commercial race from their very foundation up,
and they at once grasped the business spirit of
this country, with the result that a large number
of them have become permanent citizens.
This is an age of industrial pursuits, com¬
merce and invention. It is noticable that in
this great Exposition articles of warfare occu¬
pied a very small space among the exhibits as
compared with those of peace. The influence of
the Columbian Exposition will result in still
le.ss inventions for destroying life and more in
those that will aid the industries and commerce
of the world. It will open the eyes of nations,
heretofore relying on comiuest for a source of
prosperity, to the fact that peaceful occupa¬
tions, business enterprises and commercial ac¬
tivity are sure to be followed by a more prosper¬
ous condition than is the result of strife and
bloodshed.
PARIS AND CHICAGO ATTENDANCE.
Columns have been written on the average
attendance at the Paris Exposition of 1889 and
the World’s Fair. The figures for Paris showed
that about 28,000,000 tickets were taken at the
gates during the six months, from May 6 until
November 6. Investigation proves that this did
not represent the actual number of persons who
paid admission to that exposition.
The system of conducting the department of
admissions at the Paris exposition were radi¬
cally different from the manner in which that
department has been conducted at the World’s
Fair. The tickets were only one franc, or about
sixteen cents in our money. The Exposition
company issued 30,000,000 of these tickets before
AX EXPOSITION. 61 u
the opening, in the form of coupons on the
bonds issued to raise money with which to build
and carry on the great show.
The tickets were in the hands of speculators
and every class, and were sold all over the city
and slate at a discount, the uiiiversial price
being from six to eleven cents a piect'. Then
on certain occasions and at diiferent hours dur¬
ing the day, it required from two to five of
these tickets to gain admittance to the grounds.
This being the case, the actual attendence is
cut down to about 21,000,000.
When it is known ihat Paris had a popula¬
tion of 250,000,000 to draw crowds from and
Chicago only about 70,000,000, and those scat¬
tered over ten times the territory that the Paris
crowds were, it is marvelous that so many
people were at the World’s Fair. At
Paris all exhibiters, concessioners and otlier
classes were compelled to pay admissions. Had
that plan been followed at this Exposition it
would have increased the attandama' about
5,000,000 during the period of the Fair.
Chicago more than doubled the highest mark
Paris made on any single day, and there is no
doubt that if the exact figures of both exposi¬
tions could be obtained they would show mon*
people as having passed through the gates in
Jackson Park than there were at Paris.
PHILLIP ALLEN, JR.,
NATIONAL C’OMMIS.S10NKR FROM WLSCON.SIN.
Wir.v.v
1 rrHBiB!
■r . ss.
wKin,, ■ .
X-
SOUTH ENTRANCE TO MANUFACTURES BUILDING.
STATUE OF LIBERTY, PERISTYLE AND MUSIC HALL IN BACK(JROUND.
ELECTRIC FOUNTAIN
IN FOREGROUND. NOT IN ACTION.
c
- 1 ^
Z/l
c
-rr;
GENERAL VIEW OF MIDWAY PLAISANUE, LOOKING EAST, AS IT APPEARED FROM THE TOP OF THE FERRIS AVHEEL. EXPOSITION BUILDINGS IN DISTANCE.
CA^rPHEl.L’S I1.LUS1
FOREIGN COAIMISSIONERH AT THE
EXPOSITION.
The world-wide importance and international
character ot‘ the Oolunibian Exposition can not
be better sliown than in tlie following list ot‘
individualized representatives of the various
countries taking part.
It must be remembered that the gentlemen
here named were each and every one selected
by the i^overnments they represented because
of their eminent fitness for the position.
They were all cultured gentlemen and many
of them accomiilished linguists conversing
fliumtly in several lan.<>'ua,<>'es.
It was In’n’hly compilmentary to the United
Stab'S, that the following- distinguishedpenson-
ai^es were seleidt'd to wei^h, measure and decide
all (|uestions of interest between their govern¬
ments and the Exposition authorities:
PRATEI) HISTORY OF THE WORLD’S fOLE
(luerette, IX legate of the Commissioner General; Ray¬
mond Vaxelaire, Raymond Le Ghait, and Andre Simonis,
Secretaries of the Commission.
Brazil; II. R. Marshal Jose Simeao de Oliveir, Presi¬
dent National Commission; (died June, 19, 1893, suc¬
ceeded by Rear Ailmiral J. Antonio Cordovil Maurity.)
Dr. Ladislau Netto. Vice-President National Commis¬
sion; Adolpho Aschoff, Secretary of the National Com¬
mission; H. J. de Paiva Coutinho, Baron of Marajo,
Commodore Innocencio de Lemos Bastos, Capt, Lieut.
Jose Martins de Toledo, Dr. Julio Cesar Brandao,
GracianoA.de Azambuja, Lieut.-Col. P. M. Souza
Aguiar, Prof. Rodolpho Bernardelli, M. Aguiar Moreira,
Zozimo Barroza, Antonio Guimaraes, Lieut. Joao Bap-
tista da Motta, Capt. Lieut. Joao Cordeiro da Graca,
and Lieut. Antonio de Barros Barreto, Commissioners.
Lieut. Alexandre Leal, Aide to President of Commis¬
sion; Theobaldo de Souza Queiroz, P. P. Napoleao, H.
Barjona de Miranda, and Luiz Michelet, Aides to Com
mission.
British Guiana Mr. J. J. Quelch, Commissioner.
Bulgaria: Prof. Vulko I. Shcpoff, Delegate.
Canada: J. S. Larke, Executive Commissioner; A. R.
C. Sehvyn, C. M. G„ etc.. Director Geological Survey;
MB[AX EXPOSITION.
retary to Commission; J. W. Cundhill, Superintendent
Diamond Court.
Ceylon: Hon. J. J. Grinlinton, M. L. C. Special Com¬
missioner; W. W. Pole Pletcher, Assistant Commis-
sioner-
Colombia: T. Paredes, Special Commissioner for
Antioquia.
Costa Rica: H. E. Sr. D. Manuel M. de Peralta, E. E.
and M. P., Pres, of Commission; Dr. Don David J. Guz¬
man, Vice President, Commissioner General; D. Joaquin
Barnardo Calvo, Charge d’Affairs, ad int., Sec’y. Com¬
missioner; Dr. Prancisco J. Rucavado, Commissioner-
Treasurer; Don Anastasio Alfaro, V. Secy, and Com’r.
Archaeological Dept; Dr. D. Pelipe Gallegos, and D.
' Guillermo Gerard, Commissioners.
Curacao: Mr. Milton O. Higgins, Commissioner.
Denmark: C. Michelsen, President of Commission;
Emil Meyer, Commissioner General; Oscar Matthiesen,
Commissioner of Fine Arts; Otto A. Dreier, Secretary
of Commission; Carl Cortsen, Chief of Installation;
K. Arne Petersen, Architect; Christian Nielson, Decora¬
tor; V. Christesen, Bernhard Hertz, and H. A. Kahler
Delegates; Carl Rohl-Smith. Delegate for Pine Arts;
Ecuador: Col. M. N. Arizaga, Charge d’ Affairs and
MAIN ENTRANCE GERMANY VILLAGE, MIDWAY PLAISANCE.
Argentine Republic: Carlos R. Gallardo, President
National Commission, Commissioner General; Lieut.
Juan S. Attwell, Secretary National Commission;
H. 1). Hoskold, Gustavo Niederlein, and Enrique M.
Nelson, Commissioners.
.\ustria: Hon. Anton von Palitschek-Palmforst, LL.-
1)., Imperial Royal Commissioner General; Alexander
Poppovic, Assistant Imperial Royal Commissioner;
Gaston Bodart, LL. 1)., Assistant Imperial Royal Com¬
missioner; Emil Bressler, Architect, Imperial Royal
Commission; Hans Tem])le, Delegate for Pine Arts;
Victor Pillwax, Treasurer: Josef Grunwald, Official
Commercial Repia'sentative; Raphael Knhe, Official
Commercial Representative; Emil S. Pisher, Superin¬
tendent.
Belgium; Astere Vercruysse, Senator. President of
Commission; Alfred Simonis, Senator, Commissioner
General; H. E. Alfred Le Ghait, E. E. and M. P. of
Belgium; Hon. Lambert Tree. Honorary Counselor;
Paul Hagemans. Consul General, Honorary Member;
Charles Henrotin, Consul, Honorary Member; Edouard
Wilbert David Dimock, Secretary; L. Woolverton,
Superintendent Horticulture; J. A. J. Joulet, Superin¬
tendent Agricultural Machinery; James Clarke, Super¬
intendent Machinery; W. Morton, Superintendent
Liberal Arts; C. P. Cox, Superintendent Pish and
Pisheries; J. H. Tracy, Private Secretary; Chas. de
Cazes, Assistant Indian Commissioner; S. P. May. D. C,
L., Director for Ontario, Liberal Arts; Henry Wade,
Private Secretary: Jlon. A. C. P.R. Landry, Commis¬
sioner for Quebec; Rev. P. N. Bruchesi, Canon, Hon.
L. Beaubien, Hon. J. G. Joly de Lothiniere, S. C.
Sterenson, Advisory Commissioners for Quebec; Win.
McIntosh, Superintendent for Quebec, Mines; Hon. W.
D. Perley. Commissioner for Northwest Territories;
Alex. McKay and R. W. Starr, Ad visory Commis¬
sioners for Nova Scotia; Charles P. Law, Commissioner,
Province of British Columbia; N. Awrey,M.P. P., Com¬
missioner for Ontario; D. Ewart, Assistant Architect,
Canadian Department Public Works.
Cape Colony: L. Wiener, M. L. A., Commissioner;
M. Berliner, Assistant Commissioner; S. Berliner, Sec-
Delegate General; Don G. Perez, Secretary; Don T. G
Sanchez, and L. J. Millet, Commissioners; E. T. God¬
dard, Sub-Secretary.
Prance: Camille Crantz, Commissioner General; Ed¬
mond Bruwaert, Consul General, Deputy Commissioner
General; M. Monthiers, Secretary General; M. Verstra-
ete, Vice-Consul, Secretary; M. Heilmann, Treasurer;
M. Mascart, Engineer, Chief of Installation; Max
Duchanoy; Baron Rene de Batz; Lefeuvre Meaulle;
M. Masure, Attaches; M. de la Touanne, Electrical
Engineer, M. Vassilliere, Special Commissioner for
Agriculture; M. Roger-Martin, M. Mesnier, Assistant
Special Commissioners for Agriculture; M. Monteils,
Special Commissioner of Algei’ia; M. Scherer. Secre¬
tary for Colonies; Roger Ballu, Commissioner for Pine
Arts; M. Giudicelli, Assistant Commissioner for Pine
Arts; M. Motte, Architect, Decorator; M. Dubuisson;
M. Sandier: M. Yvon, Architects; M. T. de Balincourt,
Lieut. Prench Navy, Commanding Sailors’Detachment.
Germany: Honorable Adolf Wermuth, Imperial Com¬
missioner; Prank Berg, Asst. Imperial Commissioner;
(119
ILLUSTRATED HISTORV OF THE WORLD’S (’OLT
CA]\rPHELL’S
Karl Hoffackt'r. Johannes Raclke, Aug. Fiedler, Archi¬
tects, Imperial Commission; Hugo Schnars-Alquist.
Delegate for Fine Arts; Carl Haller, Engineer, Imperial
Commission; Gustav Spiess, Member for Commercial
Alfairs, Imperial Commission; George I'ranke, Secre¬
tary, Imperial Commission; Fritz Kuehnemann, Me¬
chanical Engineer; Dr. Loboch, Electrical Engineer;
Conrad Engel. Bergassessor.
Great Britain; Sir Henry Trueman Wood, Secretary
Royal Commission; E. H. Lloyd, Assistant Secretary
and General Superintendent, Royal Commission; Ralph
A. Harbord, Private Secretary; J. W. Beck, Superin¬
tendent Fine Arts; E. H. Fishbourne, M.A.. LL.B..
Superintendent Manufactures; H. D. Wilkinson, M. I.
E. E., Superintendent of Machinery, etc.; Thomas
Baker, Superintendent of Transportation; H. W. Pear¬
son, Superintendent of Agriculture.
Greece; Charles L. Hutchinson, President Royal
Commission; D. Jannopoulo, Royal Commissioner.
Guatemala: Don Manuel Lemus, Pres. Com.;
Gustav E. Yuzman, V. Pres.; L. H. Rosenthal, Treas.
Hayti: Hon. Frederick Douglass. Charles A. Preston.
Commissioners; Alfred Harrisse, Secretary; Edward
F. Preston, Attache.
King, Commissioners; Chas. B. Dunbar, Secretary.
Mexico: Senor Lie. Miguel Serrano, Delegate Gen¬
eral; Engineer Fernando Ferrari Perez, Secretary
General and Sub-Delegate; Jose F. Godoy, Auxiliai’y
Agent; M. G. Torres. A.D. y Hernandez, M.H.de Azua,
A. R. Nuncio, M. de las Piedras. Othon de Palacio y
Magarola, M. M. Chabert, Julio Poulat. Rosendo San¬
doval, C. Sellerier, J. D. Fleury, Lauro Viadas, F.
Atristain, R. Escobar, Rafael Mallen, A. M. Chavez,
Commissioners.
Netherlands: George Birkhoff, Jr.. Royal Commis¬
sioner General; Hubert Vos, Acting Commissioner of
Fine Arts.
New South Wales: Dr. Arthur Renwick, Executive
Commissioner; Herbert J. Renwick. Private Secretary;
Rfibert Hudson, General Superintendent: Thomas
Pugh, Assistant General Superintendent; Alexander
Bruce, Superintendent of Stock; Joseph E. Came,
Superintendent of Mines: W. Fitz.william Terry. Super¬
intendent of Liberal Arts; Joseph F. McGuinness,
Assistant Private Secretary; James Martin. C. C.
Skarratt. Dr. Carl F. Fisher, Members of the Com¬
mission.
Nicaragua: Horatio Guzman, E. E. and M. P.
HHTAX EXPOSTTTDX.
Rakouza Soustcheffsky, A. de Tsherep-Spiridovitch,
Alexis de Kobellatzky, Robert de Lingen, A. Zelenoy,
Franz Uthemann, Wladimir de WeshniakotT, M. Bilba-
soff. Imperial Commissioners; P. Andreiev, Delegate of
the Ministry of War; Prof Dimsha, Delegate of the
Ministry of Public Instruction. Count Rostov-
tzef, I. Lebedkine, Delegates of the Ministry of State
Domain; Prof. William Williams, Prince S. Volkonsky,
Delegates of the Ministry of Public Domains.
Siam: Phra Suriya Nuvatr, Royal Commissioner;
Hon. Isaac Townsend Smith. Consul General, Assistant
Commissioner; Luang Nephat Kulaphongs. Assistant
Royal Commissioner.
Spain: H. E. Sr. Don E. Dupuy de Lome, Minister
Plenipotentiary, Royal Commissioiier General; A. G. de
Campillo, Secretary of Legation, .\ssistant Commis¬
sioner General; Rafael Puig y Vails. Civil Engineer,
S[)ecial Commissioner for Industry; Juaquin Pavia>
Architect, Special Commissioner for Fine Arts; Capt.
Don Juan de Cologan. Royal Engineers. Specnal Com.
Department of War; Lieut. Don Juan Ibarreta, Royal
Navy. Special Com. of the Department of Navy;
Rosendo Fernandez. Delegate of the Chamber of Com¬
merce of Havana; Marquis of Villalobar, Manuel Perez
STREETS OF OLD VIENNA, MIDWAY PLAISANCE.
Italy: H. E. Marquis Enrico Ungaro, Royal Commis¬
sioner General; Count Detalmo Brazza di Savorgnan.
Royal Commissioner; Dr. Ettore Candiani, Signor V.
Zeggio, Chev.Thomos Silombra, Commissioners; Signor
Angelo del Nero. Commissioner for the Fine Arts;
Count R. Piola Caselli. General Secretary.
Jamaica: Hon. Lieut.-Col. C. J. Ward, C. M. G., Com¬
missioner; George Augustus Douet, Asst.Commissioner.
Japan: H. E. Gozo Tateno, Vice-President of Com¬
mission; Honorable S. Tegima, C. Matsudaira. Imperial
Commissioners; M. Kuru, Official Architect; T. Uchida,
H. Ishizawa, K. Tawara, H. Akiyama, Y. Yambe,
Secretaries.
Johore: Dato Sri Amar d'Raja, C. M. G., Secretary to
H. H. the Sultan, Commissioner; H. W. Lake. Deputy
Commissioner.
Korea: Hon. Chung Kyung Won, Royal Commis¬
sioner; Ye Sung Soo, Special Commissioner; An Key
Sun, Chung Pong Hwan, Interpreters; Hon. Ye Cha
Yun, Korean Charge d' Affaires.
Liberia: Hon. William E. Rothery, Hon. Alfred B.
Norway: Chr. Ravn, Royal Commissioner General;
Annas C. R. Berle, Secretary Royal Commission; S. A.
Buch. Commissioner of Pish and Fisheries; Otto
Sinding. Commissioner of Fine Arts; Torolf Prytz.
Commissioner of Manufacture; N. Kielland, Architect
to the Royal Commission; Otto Enger, Assistant to
Commission of Fish and Fisheries; S. Sinding. Volun¬
teer Assistant to Commissioner of Fine Arts; I. K.
Boyesen, Chairman of Royal (Local) Committee; O. A.
Thorp. Secretary of Royal (Local; Committee.
Orange Free State: E. R. (frobler. Commissioner.
Paraguay: Dr. Cesar Gondra. President ad honorem;
Dr, Emil Hassler, Commissioner General; A. R. Sainte
Croix, Commissioner.
Persia: E. Spencer Pratt. Commissioner General;
Clarence Andrews, Assistant Commissioner.
Portugal: J. M. do Outeiro Ribeiro, Adjunct Com¬
missioner; S. Chapmann Simms, Secretary of Commis¬
sion.
Russia: H. E. Imperial Chamberlain P. de Glouk-
hovskoy. Commissioner General; Constantine de
Seoane, Attaches to the Legation and Commission;
Hobart C. Chatfield-Taylor, Consul, Attache to the
Commission; Jaime Parlade, Treasurer; Juan Vilardell.
Sweden: Artur Leffler, Royal Commissioner; Axel
Welin, Secretary; Tom Bergendal. Special Commis¬
sioner for Manufactures; Carl Dellwik, Superintendent
Swedish Section Machinery Hall; Robert Lindblom,
Resident Commissioner.
Switzerland: James Perrenoud, Executive Commis¬
sioner; Arnold Holinger, Commissioner.
Trinidad: Harry Vincent, Executive Commissioner.
Turkey: Ibrahim Hakky Bey, Ahmed Fahri Bey,
Imperial Commissioners.
Uruguay: Prudencio de Marguiondo, President; L.
Rodriguez Diez, Special Commissioner; Alberto Gomez
Ruano, Dr. Eduardo Chucarro, Commissioners.
Venezuela: Dr. Francisco E. Bustamante, President
ad honorem; Dr. David Lobb; Secretary of Legation;
Dr. Manuel Vicente Toledo, J. M. Larralde, Jacinto
Lopez, Commissioners; Dr. H. Rivero Saldivia, Consul
General, Counsellor.
020
CAMIOiELL’S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE WORLD’S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
FEATURES OF MIDWAY PLAISANCE.
Who could properly describe that cosmopoli-
tan boulevard of the ditfereiit race representa¬
tives known as Midway plaisanceV
Never before, on this continent, have so many
strange people been seen together and the
“babel of tongues” would out-Babylor) that
ancient city.
In a sense, this avenue of separate and dis¬
tinct concessioners, was not a part of the Ex¬
position propt'r, l)ut, in a l)roader and long-to-
be remembered sense, it was a very interesting
part of the great international display.
. Let us take a walk through this nearly a mile
of separate entertainments and see what we can
find. Passing west under the viaduct from
flackson Park and on our right is a small build¬
ing showing an exhibit of the Diamond Match
company; but we do not admire matches made
of suliihur and brimstone and so we will boldly
enter the Beauty Show where forty ladies from
forty nations are said to Ik' dressed in their na¬
tive costumes, singing their native songs and
doing such work as represents some of their na¬
tive industries.
PHOTOGRAPHIC VIEW IN MIDWAY PLAISANCE LOOKING EAST
FROM MOORISH PALACE.
INTERIOR VIEW OF STREET OF VIENNA AND FERRIS WHEEL,
MIDWAY PLAISANCE.
with the crowd we found ourselves in the
“Streets of Cairo,” not Cairo in Egypt, but an
exact reproduction of one of their streets, shops,
bazaars, hotels, private residences, theaters,
wrestlers, jugglers, camels, donkeys, donkey
boys and dancing girls.
The Persian theater and bazaar come next,
where was found many curious things from
that far away country. Music from a large
brass band attracts our attention to the Ger¬
man Village said to have occupied an area of
175,000 square feet. Here we found a castle
built in the style of the sixteenth century and
filled with armor of all kinds and other interest¬
ing relics. Eight thousand people could be ac¬
commodated at the restaurants in this village.
The handsome model of Eiffel Tov^er and its
surroundings, beautifully illuminated, attracted
many visitors.
While great crowds were enjoying a ride
262 feet skywards in that monster Ferris Wheel,
we filled our pockets with trinkets from the
Algerian merchants and heard the story of their
theater attractions.
The Japanese bazaar was full of the skill and
cunning of that people in native wares and no
wonder they found good patronage. One of
Passing a small model of the Philadelphia
Working Men’s Home, we come to the Hindoo
jugglers, snake charmers, and prestidegetators,
who performed many feats never before seen in
America. Next the Aztecs, almost tlie last now
living of that ancient race of people, showing
their primitive ways of working and selling
their manufactured wares. The Scenic Theater
will carry us in imagination to Switzerland and
there we can see the sun and moon rise and set
among the Alps, the electrical appliances assist
in making this picture very realistic. Libby’s
Glass Works was full of interest and always
crowtled with sight-seers or purchasers of the
manufactured specimens, which were being con¬
stantly replenished by busy workmen.
Next we have the Irish Village, where may
be seen some of the native industries of that
green old Island across the sea.
The Javanese Village with its population of
125 strange little people was very interesting.
Some twenty bamboo cottages encircled the
space assigned to them, and in the center they
had a theater with native orchestra and dancing
girls. A few steps further west we saw a man
beating a drum on the back of a camel." Going
VIEW IN MIDWAY, CYCLORAMA. VOLGA NO OF KILAUEA IN FORE¬
GROUND, CHINESE THEATRE IN DISTANCE.
CAMPHEIJ;S TLLI SI
the most attractive places on Midway was the
Cyclorama of that burning Volcano, Kilauea,
with the native Hawaiian singers to charm
you with their music.
Beating of the tom-toms reminds us that we
are nearing the Chinese Joss house, theater and
bazaar. Their stage plays are like continued
stories in a prosy book, so after looking for a
moment at the encampment of American
Indians, we visit the Ostrich Farm, i)ick a
feather from one of those twenty-six mammoth
birds, tarry a moment next door to hear the
native Brazilians sing, and then we have
finished one side ol Midway.
We will now cross over this wide avenue, and
facing east, make as hasty a trip as possible
back to the park xn’oper.
First is the encampment of Bedouin Arabs,
horsemen and camel riders; then the Dahomey
Village and native dancers. The Laplanders
with their native huts and elk, but no snow for
’BATED HISTOKY OF THE WORLD'S OOLE
of Blarney Castle and that historical stcne.
If we missed any it was the Bell Divers, but,
while still keex)ing them in mind, let us iiupiire
how it is, that all these strange i^eoj^le could
have been descended from Adam and Eve.
Think of the list, Arabs and Turks, Javanese
and Jax)anese, Algerians, Soudanese and
Hawaians, Persians, Egyx)tians and Chinese,
representatives of every i)eox)le, country and
clime.
A trii) around the world would hardly atford
the educational advantages of a day on Midway
for studying the ethnology of the human race.
SOME INTERESTING FIGURES.
The only way we can judge of some things,
is by comx^arison, and this statement will ax)X3ly
to the importance of the xjrominent expositions
of the iDast.
The following comijarative figures will be
HIAN EXPOSITIOX.
Aug. 19 (British day).108,861
Aug, 24 (Illinois day)..24.3,951
Aug. 20 (Machinery day).108,0.30
Sept. 2 (Roman Catholic day).148,,500
Sept. 4 (New York day).100,.‘{82
Sept. 6 (Wisconsin day).175,409
Sept. 7 (Pennsylvania and Brazil days).203,400
Sept. 8 (Cynirodorian day).180,740
Sept. 9 (California day).231,522
Sept. 11 (Kansas day).100,128
Sept. 12 (Maryland day).107,108
Sept. 13 (Michigan day.100.221
Sept. 14 (Ohio day).198,770
Sept, 15 (Costa Rica and Vermont days).157,7.37
Sept, 10 (Texas day.202,370
Sept. 19 (Fishermen’s day.174,905
Sept. 20 (Iowa day).180,5,52
Sept. 21 (Iowa and Sportsmen's day).199,174
Sept. 2.3 (Knights of Honor day).21.5,043
Sept. 20 (Odd Fellows’ day.195,210
Sept. 27 (Indiana day)...190,42^1
Sept. 30 (Irish day).108,885
Oct. 5 (Rliode Island day).180,404
Oct. 7 (Polish day).222,170
Oct. 9 (Chicago day.710,881
Oct. 10 (North Dakota and Firemen's day.309,294
Oct. 11 (Connecticut day.309,277
Oct. 12 (Italian and Trainmen’s day.278.878
Oct. 13 (Minnesota and Trainmen’s day.221,007
Oct. 21, (Manhattan day.298,928
Oct. 24, (Mary Washington day.243,178
y
•W-.
INTERIOR VIEW OF LAPLAND VILLAGE, MIDWAY PLAISANOE, SHOWING NATIVES AND REINDEER.
their sleds. Old Vienna, with its popular res¬
taurant and tradesmen, attracted a great many
because they could easily imagine themselves in
a foreign country. The Ice railway was fun for
the boys, while the Moorish Palace and Hagen-
beck’s suxierb menagerie attracted everybody.
Here we have the Alohammedan Temple,
Turkish Village and Bazaar, full of everything
interesting, from that far away land and here
also the Turkish theater with a full troupe of
performers, dancing girls, wrestlers and jugglers,
Armenians, Turks, Persians, all mixed ui) to¬
gether, and all striving to fill their pockets with
American dollars.
An hour in the Venetian Glass works was well
spent and then we were ready for the South
Sea Islanders, with their war dances and native
songs.
Lady Aberdeen’s Irish Village, showing the
industries of that people and a representation
found of interest:
o
WHERE
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1851
1855
London.
111
6,0:59,195
$2,051,143.28
42,831
109,915
9,:427
Pb ris.
200
5,162.:5:50
620,(X)1.09
25,811
123,017
.
1862
1867
1876
1878
171
V),211. 1:50
1.977,‘285.60
1,903,155.65
:16,:4‘28
67,891
5,61;)
2il
8,7(H), 0:57
9,910,066
16,0:52,725
40,682
184,405
1,602
Pliiladelpliia..
Paris.
159
16:5
3,813,724.49
2,531,650.00
62,:5:53
82,650
274,919
200,613
12,720
13,941
1889
1893
179
28,149,:553
27,529,401
9.500,000.00
157,258
4‘20.i:59
Chicago.
179
10,583,407.96
153,796
761,942
At the World’s Columbian Exjiosition the at-
tendance on special days was as follow;
May 1 (Opening day) .
.,128,9.3.3
iViciy o\J . ..
.. 105,009
June 17 (Massachusetts day).
..148,994
..283.273
July 20 (Swedish day).
.. 129,873
AUg. 10 VActjaii . . 10 Q 19 Q
Aug. 18 (Austrian day).
Oct. 2.5, Marine Transportation clay.2.52.018
Oct. 27, Coal, grain and lumber dealers’ day-2.5()„58.3
Oct. 28, Reunion of cities day.240,732
Oct. 30, Closing day...210,022
SMALL SALVAGE ON BUILDINGS.
It has been a surprise to everybody the small
salvage obtained from the sale of the World s
Fair buildings. The Wisconsin building, one
(jf the finest structures on the grounds, was sold
for a sum less than it cost to get the mah'rial
and bring it to the Exposition grounds. Other
buildings were sold at ecpially as low figures.
The sum realized in all the sales of buildings
on the Midway were about what they were
worth as kindling wood. The total sum real¬
ized from the sale of material in the Park and
the Midway will hardly cover the cost of erect¬
ing one of the many structures of the Fair.
SCENE IN STREETS OF CAIRO, MIDWAY PLAISANCE.
DONKEY ROYS, STREETS OF CAIRO, MIDWAY PLAISANCE
.V*
■
/V
ROSA, TURKISH DANCING GIRL, MIDWAY PLAISANCE
TURKISH SWORDSMAN, MIDWAY PLAISANCE
IRISH VILLAGE AND BLARNEY
CASTLE.
At the east ei.d of Midway plaisance was to be
seen a typical Irish village, with its attendant
industries, customs, native people and all the
accessories to charm the true son of Ireland
who was again permitted t(j catch a glimi^se of
his early home. This village was reproduced at
the Exposition, through tin; inlluence of Lady
Aberdeen, assisted by her husband. Lord Aber¬
deen, at present Governor General of Canada.
The village consisted of a rc'production of the
famous Blarney Castle, surrounded by typical
p(‘a,sa?it’s cottages, wherein were seen the many
industries prevalent among the Irish working
rock of Cashel, and a fac-simile of Muckross
Abl)ey were also among the reproductions.
A model working dairy was to be seen, where
tliree students from the Munster Dairy School
illustrated the progress of butter making in Ire¬
land. A large revenue was obtained from the
sales of butter and butter-milk in this depart¬
ment.
Among the other entertaining features of the
village were many native bag pipers and jig
dancers who gave exhibitions of their musical
and tcwpsichorean abilities each day, and Miss
Sullivan witli her famous harjJ.
The entire proceeds of the village were to be
used by Lady Aberdeen in the establishmeiit
and (leveloj)ment of home industries in connec-
In the cottages ware shown the process of pre¬
paring the home-spun cloths so famous all over
the world. Lace making, wood-carving, linen
weaving and embroidering were also to be seen.
A genuine village smithy was busy making
artistic iron work, hand-wrought on the anvil.
Donegal Castle was rei^roduced in exact fac¬
simile of the original, but oidy one half the
natural size. In this building were to be seen
paintings of famous Irish scenery by native
artists, a statue of Gladstone by the celebrated
Irish sculptor, Bruce Joy, portraits of noted
Irishmen, and a large collection of jewelry,
laces, embroideries, wood-carvings and many
other productions.
From the center of the garden a reproduction
IRISH VILLAGE AND BLARNEY CASTLE, MIDWAY PLAISANCE, WORLD’S PAIR.
people. The peasant girls were there at work
lace making. There were exhibits of the cele¬
brated tambour and run lace from Limerick,
applicpie and guipure from County Monahan,
pillow lace making and hand-loom weaving
from County Carlow and County Donegal. In
addition to the exhibit of laces and embroideries,
there were seen wood carvings, antique jewelry,
glass engraving and many other industries.
Tilt' reproduction of the famous Blarney
Castle was one of the attractive features of the
plaisance. It was here that the famous Blarney
Stone was said to be shown. There was a stone
on top of the castle, but it is doubtful if it was
the original stone. A model of the ruins of the
tion with the Irish Industries Association.
IRISH VILLAGE AND DONEGAL
CASTLE.
Ireland was represented at the Exposition by
two industrial associations. The village repro¬
duced under the auspices of Mrs. Ernest Hart,
consisted of a representative exhibit of Irish
industries, arts and antiquities. This village
was a reproduction of industrial cottages as they
appear in Ireland, grouped about the court of
green sward, on which were to be seen dancers
and musicians in native costumes, music and
dances.
of one of the celebrated round towers extended
up into the air to the height of one hundred
feet. At the base of the tower were models of
Ogham stones, Druidical Hole and early Christ¬
ian crosses.
Near one of the restaurants on the grounds
was a reproduction of the celebrated Wishing
Chair of the Giant’s Causeway, from the coast
of Ireland. This village had for its object the
building up of Irish home industries in a
like manner with that made by Lady Aberdeen.
Both of these villages were successful in
their endeavors to interest the visitors at the
Exposition in their industries, which was evi¬
denced in more ways than one.
CAM]'invLi;S ll.LUSTRATEI) HISTORY OF THE WORLD'S COLTYMRIAX EXPOSITION.
OSTKICH FARM AT THE FAIR.
An exhibit of great interest to a large major¬
ity of the visitors at the World’s Fair is the
Ostrich Farm at the west end of Midway plais-
ance, near the captive balloon. This exhibit is
made by Mr. E, J. Johnson, manager of the
celebrated ostrich farms at Coronado and Fall-
brook, California.
The exhibit at present consists of twenty-
seven fine African ostriches. This ostrich,
known as Striithio Camelus (Camel-bird) differs
in many respects from the Cassowary of New
Zealand, Emu of Australia and the Rhea of
South America, the point of difference being as
follows:
CASSOWARY, EMU AND RHEA.
Height, five to seven feet.
Feathers, hairy-
Feathers used, in dusters
and some trimmings.
Necks, feathered to head.
Thighs, feathered.
Toes, three.
AFRICAN OSTRICH.
Eight to ten.
Flossy.
Tips, plumes, fans, boas,
ete., etc.
Bare to within four inches
of base.
Bare.
Two.
The period of incubation in Africa is forty-
two days; in California forty days. In their
wild state, the hen, at the approach of the
breeding season, which follows closely the first
rains, wanders away from her own troop in
search of a mate from some other troop; thus
instinctively avoiding inter-breeding. Mating
takes place, as a rule, when the hen is four and
the cock five years old, at which age each
reaches maturity.
After mating they prepare for housekeeping
by scooping a nest in sand or loose soil, push¬
ing with the breast bone and kicking out be¬
hind with their toes. The nest when completed
is about fouj feet in diameter, and slanting to a
depth of ten inches in the center. Madam de¬
posits one egg every alternate day until from
eight to fifteen are collected—these are faith¬
fully turned every day, in order that the germ,
which is held in place by a delicate spiral cord
and always near the upside of the egg, may not
become inactive, and thus cause an imperfect
embryo. Eggs left long in one position before
incubating are liable to produce mal-formation.
top row—shorts. Besides the wdng feathers,
the tails are also taken. Body feathers are not
taken, but are picked up during the moulting
season, and used for trimmings. An average
feather bird yields one and one-fourth pounds
of feathers at a plucking. In order to take the
plumes when they are at their best the quills,
' not yet ripe, are clipped about two inches from
the socket.
The average weight of an ostrich egg is three
and one-quarter pounds. For eating it is deli¬
cate and nutritious, equaling two and a half
dozen hen’s eggs. For a “soft boil” thirty min¬
utes is the time required. The flesh of a young
bird compares favorably with the choice cuts of
a good venison. Dried beef (biltong in Africa
■—jerky in California) is made of tlie thighs of
the older birds, and is used by African farmers.
The kicking qualities of an ostrich are great,
but he exercises the prerogative only when in
the breeding season. The kick is delivered
either standing or running and has a distinct
up and down stroke. The former is a pusher,
the latter is a ripper, and woe to the party who
PHOTOGRAPH OF THE OSTRICH EXHIBIT ON MIDWAY PLAISANCE, WORLD’S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
Bill, pointed. Flat.
Carnivorous. Non-carnivorous.
The African birds, as do some other species,
walk upon the toes, the heel being elevated
about two inches from the ground, and used as
a spring when the bird is in motion, and a lever
when sitting and rising. The sex of this bird
is more plainly marked than in the case of the
others. The cock is black as to body feathers,
the hen gray-drab; though up to the age of
about twenty months, the feathers are so nearly
alike — dark gray — in both cock and hen, that
to the casual observer the difference in sex is
not apparent. At about that time the feathers
of the cock come in dark brown, gradually
changing to black. Prior to this time the sex
is noted by the initiated, in the difference of the
color of the scales which form an armor for the
shin bones, and of the beak. In the cock the
color is simjply light, while in the hen it is dark.
The difference becomes more and more marked
until, at maturity, the colors turn red and
olack rfppoptively.
When hatched the chick’s legs and feet have a
soft, puffy appearance, caused by a watery
liquid that surrounds and protects the bones—a
necessary precaution of Dame Nature, as, if
unprotected, the bones would be quickly broken
in the struggles of the chick to imitate its ma¬
jestic sire. By the time the yolk food is ex¬
hausted, the legs have lost their puffy shape,
and the bones are firm, permitting their proud
possessor to walk about in search of food; bits
of cabbage leaves, beet tops, natural grasses and
alfalfa furnishing the necessary menu.
At six months of age, the chick is first plucked
—the plumes at this stage are not of much com¬
mercial value and are called spadonas. From
this age on the bird is plucked every eight
months—the feathers attaining perfection at
the maturity of the bird. Twenty-six plumes
in each wing are protected by floss feathers
underneath and by three rows of feathers above.
Those in the row first above the plumes are
called long black or long drab according to the
PCX of the bird—next row above, mediums, and
happens to receive one of their strokes.
The original birds, 23 in number, which were
the nucleus of the present farms, were brought
over from Africa by Mr. Johnson in 1883.
The birds now at the farm on Midway plais-
ance were all artificially hatched by the Peta¬
luma Incubatcr.
An egg laid by one of the ostriches since
coming to the Fair is on exhibition. It weighs
three and one-(|uarter pounds, and is about as
large as a small muskmelon. A large assort¬
ment of beautiful ostrich feathers is also a part
of the exhibit. The attendants make the
ostriches give exhibitions of their wonderful
speed, which is at the rate of a mile in one min¬
ute and thirty seconds.
It is certainly one of the most interesting and
instructive exhibits of live creatures on the
plaisance, and no one should fail to visit the
farm when sight-seeing. The characteristics,
appearance and habits of these enormous birds
are of especial interest to every one who sees
them.
0:>n
CA^IPP.KLl/S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE AVORLD'S FOLniRTAX EXPOSITION.
INTERIOR VIEW OF CHINESE THEATER, iMIDWAY PLAISANCE.
idol for very grave sins, because it represents
great power or strength. The various minor
idols are worshipped according to the sin com
initted. For slight or trivial otfenses they wor¬
ship various things of strength in proportion to
the offense. They also worship departed souls
in whom they had great faith for honesty and
religious character. One in particular, known
as Rung (grandfather) Kuan, who was a great
and brave general and religious man, who lived
over 1,000 years ago, and is believed to be door¬
keeper in heaven. They believe souls are pun¬
ished in hell according to the crimes committed
in theffesh. _ Their idea of heaven does not
differ materially from our own. All these
things are represented in life-like wax produc¬
tions and scenes showing the interior of heaven
where all the vast multitude of angels are Chi¬
nese spirits. It is a w^onderfully artistic repre¬
sentation of heaven. You will find wax pro¬
ductions of hell, showing the various punish¬
ments inflicted for offenses in the flesh. There
are too many things of interest within this
wonderful exhibit from China to be mentioned
in so brief a space.
There is also a richly appointed restau¬
rant on the main floor, where a sumptuous meal
or refreshments can be had at a very nominal
cost. The tea_ used is the same quality the
Emperor of China uses on his own table; the
best of rice, prepared in Chinese style; Chinese
fruits, jellies and preserves, nuts, and all the
fine table delicacies used in China.
Do not fail to visit this highly interesting
feature on Midway plaisance at the World’s
Fair. This exhibit is under charge of Dr.Chan
Gee Mo, ppsident; Dr. \Vong Lat, treasurer;
Mr. H. Sling, business manager. He is a
pleasant and intelligent gentlemen, who speaks
and understands the English language.
CHINESE THEATER, JOSS HOUSE AND
BAZAAR.
M hat a grand and convenient opportunity for
witnessing all the interesting things, subjects,
and cu.stoms of that most interesting race of
the human family, the Chinese.
On entering the pavilion yam first see the
ba/.aar, where can be bmnd nearly all the vari¬
ous and multitudinous articles of rich silk and
uiucpie jewelry. xVlmost every article manu¬
factured in China is made by hand, hence the
better the product. There are thousands of
articles which can be purchased at very
reasonaWe prices, considering the value. If
yam think of visiting this most interesting ex¬
hibit don t fail to take your jmrse with you, for
you are sure to find many articles that you will
want.
Just in the rear of the bazaar is the
entrance to the Chinese theater, something
never before seen in America. The visitor
will be deeply interested in this department.
There are over one hundred of the most talented
theatrical actors and actresses to be found in
the Celestial kingdom. The richest and most
gorgeous stage costumes and settings ever pre¬
sented to an audience can be seen. You may
think you have seen rich stage costumes, l)ut
you will iind that the display on the Chinese
stage excels them all. It is worth many hun¬
dred miles of travel to witne.ss this unicpie and
highly interesting theater. It was only after
much persuasion that these people were in¬
duced to come to America to play bcfra'e a
strange race of people. It was very tlifficult to
secure photographs of the stage scene, repro¬
duced on this page. They are very supersti¬
tious about having their photos taken.
The floss blouse (or place of worship) is on
the second floor of the pavilion. Here you will
want to s[)end t wo or three hours with the lec¬
turer, who ex{)lai7is why the Chinese worship
idols. There are hundreds of different idols.
The greatest idol in the Joss Hou.se is the great
dragon lot) feet long. This idol is worshipped,
or rather prayers are said to it, before the
Heavenly Father. The dragon is selected as au
EXTERIOR VIEW OF CHINESE THEATER, AUDW.
PLAISANCE.
fl'27
CAMPKELi;S ILLUSTRATED LirSTORV OF THE WORLD'S TOLUMIHAX EXPOSTTIOX.
SWORD CONTEST AND MUSICIANS, STREETS OF CAIRO, MIDWAY PLAISANCE.
BABY DANCER IN STREETS OF CAIRO, MIDWAY' PLAISANCE, WOKLDS I-’AIB.
02a
camimji:li;s illus'i
THE COLOXTAL EXHIBIT.
Ill the rotunda of the Government hnildini?
was a V(M’y interestin,<f exhibit of colonial relics
which vvt're collected by the Woman’s Colum¬
bian Exposition committee of Massachusetts.
These exhibits were of historical character and
prized highly by the various owners because of
their association with prominent personages of
that early day in the history of this country.
The following is a complete list of the articles
in this collection; Silver-hilted sword, carried
by Capt. Mosely during the Revolutionary war.
Hilted sword worn by Judge ftohii Hathorne, of
Salem during all the trials of “witclu's” in that
city in 1()8J. Old drum used at the battle of
Bunker Hill, June 17, 1775. S[)ontoon used by
Capt. John Sanford at the battle of Bunker
Hill.
'RATED HISTORY OF THE WORLD’S COLU
Ticonderoga; he w’as afterwards Governor of
Massachusetts.
Sword worn by Wm. Dane at the battle of
Bunker Hill and by his son Osgood, in the M ar
of 1812. Cocked hat worn by Col, Brooks at
Ticonderoga. Judy lamp such as was used in
very early colonial days. Holster pistol carried
by Col. John Brooks at Ticonderoga. Pistol
of John Williams of Durfield, captured by the
Indians, 1704. Pipe-lighter from an old colonial
house. Green silk umbrella, first one imported
to this country by ancestors of Gen. Benjamin
Lincoln. Potato grater one hundred and fifty
years old. Muster roll of company in his
Majesty’s service at Fort Drummer, under com¬
mand of Capt. Timothy Dwight, May, 1730;
Capt. Dwight’s grandson was vice president of
Yale college.
New England Weekhj Journal, published in
[BIAX EXPOSTTTOX.
in the Revolution.
Pewter mug 150 years old. Pewter tankard
from Old Eagle Inn, in Rowley, Mass., 1795.
Pewter mug used in 1774, bought at auction
over 70 years ago at Hancock House. Pewter
plate formerly owned by Samuel Chase, a signer
of the Declaration of Independence. Drinking
vessel used for invalids one hundred years ago.
Pewter sugar bowl used in 1700, also cotf'ee urn,
cream pitcher and pewter porringer of same date.
Venison blazer formerly owned by John Han¬
cock. Three silver candle sticks used in tie
old Hancock House. Silver pitcher presented
to Commodore Perry by the citizens of Boston.
Silver tankard over a hundred years old.
Silver mug which belonged to Edward Warren,
a brother of Gen. Joseph Warren. Silver sugar
bowl formerly owmed by Lady Arabella Johnson
who came over in the Mayflower, Silver mug
SOUTH SE.\ ISL.\y’D MUSICIANS, MIDWAV TLAISANCE.
SOUTH SEA ISLAND BOATS AND BOATMAN.
()ld Queen’s arm. u.sed at Bunker Hill and dur¬
ing the Revolution. Gun used by Aloses Shaw,
in battles of Revolution, Bunker Hill and Rhode
Island. Sword of Leiut. John Hayward at the
battles of Concord and Buidcer Hill. Sword of
C(j 1. Janies Barrett, commander of American
forces at t he b;it t le of Concord. Sword of Oliver
Wolcott, carried in the Revolution. Part of the
original flag which waved over the liberty tree
on Boston common in 1775. Alusket made by
Col. Seth Pomeroy, used in French and Indian
war, Lexington. Bunker Hill and War of 1812.
Gun carried by John Salem, a colored man. at
the battles of Bunker Hill, Lexington and with
which he shot Alaj. Pitcairn. Gun from the
Longfellow homesteail. Byfield, used in French
and Indian war. ami at the battle of Lexington.
Sabre used by Col. John Brooks at the battle of
1726, containing items of “Slaves for Sale.”
Shoe and clog worn by Airs. John Faye of Boston,
1730. Thanksgiving proclamation issued by
Lieut. Gov, Phipps, October 10, 1731 ; manu¬
script letter written on back to Sir Wm. Pepper-
ill, by Jonathan Edwards. Boston Neirs Ldfer,
issue of Alonday, April 17, 1704. Pitch pijje
used in a Alassachusetts choir before the day
of tuning forks. Bayonet dug up by a work¬
man on the battle field of Bunker Hill. Foot
stove used in New England in colonicd times
and carried to church. Coat and vest worn by
Gov. John Brooks, when colonel at Ticonderoga.
Buckskin breeches worn in the Revolution l)y
Alaj. Allen Goodwing, who killed the buck,
tanned the hide and made the breeches. Powder
horn used by one of Capt. Parker's men at Lex¬
ington. Tomahawk carried by Geo. Alverson
formerly owned by Rev. Roland Cotton o
Sandwich. Silver salt cellar owned by Afarj
Chilton, who was the first woman to steii
on Plymouth Rock. Silver and copper hot
water urn used in colonial times. Silver breast¬
plate made and worn by Alaine Indians to pro¬
tect the heart from arrows. Silver ring which
once belonged to Geo. AVashington. Silver lov-
ing cup of Cromwell’s time. Silver mug tankard
that belonged to Gov. Roger Wolcott. Silver
spoon made in Boston in colonial days.
Silver punch strainer used in 1730. Silver
spoon owned by Peregrine AYhite, who was the
first white child born in New England. Silver
fork one of the first imported to Boston. Silver
spoon brought from the battle field of Saratoga
and supposed to have belonged to Gen. Bur
goyne. Silver cake basket formerly used by John
CAMPBELL’S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE ^YORLl)’S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
Hancock. Silver porringer made and used by
Paul Revere; also liis silver brazier. Silver
ptn-ringer presented to Abegail Adams, by lier
aunt on the birth of John Quincy Adams, 17()7.
Silver tray presented to Nicholas Lever, when
tutor at Harvard college, 1724. Piece of Ply¬
mouth Rock in silver casket. *
Silver shoe buckle worn by Alaj. Samuel
Thaxter, 1755. Su gar tongs over one hundred
years old. Sil ver spoon two hundred years old.
Silver spoons which belonged to Geo. Wash¬
ington. Silver wine spoon used in 1730. Pair
of custard cups with crest of Cincinnati society.
Red plush waist coat worn by Gov. James
Bowdoin of Massachusetts. Gold watch taken
from Gen. Dieskau at battle of Rocky Brook,
1755, by Gen. Seth Pomeroy. Leather covered
watch owned by Dr, Mather Ryles. lYatch and
seal formerly owned by John Quincy Adams,
Invitation to a dance at Harvard, given by two
members of the class in 1767.
Eight dollars in Continental money found in
the eaves of a house being repaired. Brief of
sermon preached by Rev. Jonathan Edwards to
the Indians in 1751. Collection of colonial
paper money. Breeches bible printed in London
in 1599, and brought over in the Maytlower by
John Alden. Book of sermons written by Sam¬
uel AVillard, first vice president of Harvard
college. Latin grammer owned and used by
Gen. Joseph Warren, when a boy. Copy of the
Stamp Act. Old pocket book formely belong¬
ing to Joseph Wright, of Dedham. A copy of
“The Rambler” owned by John Hancock. Hi-
eroglyphical bible such as the young Puritans
amused themselves with on Sunday.
Fife carried on expedition to Quebec in 1775.
Old torch of birch bark which was carried by
()29
Boston harbor. Pair of compasses which be¬
longed to Miles Standish. Bullet mould used
by the women to mould bullets for the soldiers,
before the battle at Fort William Henry, 1758.
Tinder box from 1564. Anticpie copper censer
made by the Franciscans who came with Co¬
lumbus. Skillet from the old Hancock house.
Epaulet from the batth' field of Saratoga. Row
of bullets cast in a mould owned by Gen. Put¬
nam. Cannon ball fired at Lexington, 1775.
Knives and forks owned and used by Col. Timo¬
thy Pickering, during the Revolution. Auto¬
graph letter from Gen. Lafayette. Commission
of Colonel Prescott. Photographs of the origi¬
nal charter of the Massachusetts Colony.
DOM PEDRO’S CARRIAGE.
Among the many curious exhibits showing
C.tRRIAGE OXCE OWNED BY EiY
and an enameh'd gold watch which belonged to
IMrs. Adams. Gold ring worn by Gov. Han¬
cock when he signed the Declaration of Inde-
peiuhuice. Minhiture of Gen. Washington.
Miniature of Col. Crafts and wife. Hair locket
two hundred years old. Snulf box which be¬
longed to ]Mrs. Pulling of Boston, 1775. Knitt¬
ing needle sheath such as was worn by ladies
in the last century.
Snuff box, behjuging to Mrs. Catherine Bar¬
nard, in 1797. Silver patch box used in 1722.
Wedding waistcoat of Maj. Shaw, worn during
the Revolution. New Y(jrk Kvemng Post of
1783. Bill of sale of negro boy Tony, of Boston,
1735. Visiting card of Aaron Burr; mourn¬
ing card of Mr. Jefferson; and cards of invitation
from President AVashington. Autograph letters
from Martha Washington and General Knox.
EROR DOM PEDRO, OF BRAZIL, EXHIBITED IN
Gen. Israel Putnam, when lie mitered the wolf’s
den at Pomfret, Conn., and killed the wolf. Tea
which was found in the boots of Col. Abner
Cheeverof the Boston Tea Party, Dec. Ifi, 1775.
Old iron spur worn by George AVashington, and
given by him to John Quincy xVdams. Grmia-
dier’s cap made in 1773. Memorial handkerchief
in honor of the engagement of George AVashing-
ton. Pair of pattens worn on rainy and muddy
days. Pair of baby shoes one hundri'd and
forty years old. Box and pair of scab's used
for weighing gold; also medicine scales. Silvt'r
spur from battle field of Saratoga. Iron sjmi-
from Lexington. Rum canteen taki'n from a
british soldier at Bunker Hill.
Canteen from Ticonderoga. Iron pipe which
belonged to Miles Standish, 1()20. Bone fig¬
ures cut by a British soldier on a prison ship in
TRANSPORTATION DEPARTMENT.
the various kinds of transjiortation in vogue
in dilferi'iit parls of the world, none atlracted
more attention than some of the nu'ans of con¬
veyance used by many of the Latin-American
and South American countric's
Prominent among these was the caialagi' once
owned and used by Emperor Dorn Ih'dro, of
P>razil, which was shown in the north end of the
Transportation building, together with those of
Daniel Webster and President Polk.
This carriag(' was big and lumbei'ing. Its
maniK'r of construction and the materials used
show(‘d that it wasinteiuh'd for a country which
was I'ugged and rough, whei’e means of convi'y-
aiice must neca'ssarily Ix' built to stand hard
usage. It was ex pressive of the glory and power
once posessed by tlu' Enipi'ror, and symbolized
the gradual undermining and decay of his empire.
(:ami‘p>eli;s illlstrated history of the world's colu3ibiax EXEosrnoX.
HORTICULTURAL BUILDING ANT) GROUNDS FRONTING THE LAGOON.
PLAZA COVERED WITH PLANTS AND FLOWERS.
BlRDbEVL VIEW OF
NORTH END OF EXPOSITION GROUNDS LOOKING
SOUTH FROM IOWA STATE BUILDING.
CAMPUELT/S ILLUSTIIATEl) HISTORY OE 'I’llE WORLD'S ('OLILMIUAX EXPOSITION.
FAC SIMILE OF TIIF DIPLOMA ISSUED TO EXHIBITORS WHO
SECURED AWARDS AT THE EXPOSITION,
1C
zr.
i
o
P3
h—^
zA
H
WOODED ISLAND AND HORTICULTURAL BUILDING, AS THEY APPEARED FROM THE ROOF OF THE MANUFACTURES BUILDING.
CA.MPr»ELi;S ILLrSTRATKI) HISTORY OF THE WORLD'S ('OLmilUAX EXPOSITIOX.
MISS AGNES M. HEINZE,
Manager woman's and art departments of Campbell s illustrated history of the world s Columbian exposition.
AGNES M. HEINZE.
Among the many assistants whose aid has
been necessary in the preparation of this work,
the services of none have been more valuable
than that of Miss Heinze.
She is a native of Chicago, born in the year
1871, and after completing her education at once
engaged in literary persuits She is a member of
the Woman’s Press Club, of Chicago, and takes
an active interest in all that pertains to the ad¬
vancement and culture of w^omen. During a
period of three years she has devoted her en¬
tire time and energy with the keen scrutinizing
instinct of her woman’s nature to her duties in the
completion of this work.
In the performance of her daily tasks, the
unselfish integrity, untiring perseverance and
amiable disposition, which she has always showm,
has won for her the admiration of all with whom
she has been associated.
To her untiring devotion to the vrork and
wise suggestions are due many of the thousands
of attractive illustrations, as well as interesting
data found in this history.
The Woman’s department is indebted to her
for its many attractive features.
n
(:AMI‘HE1J;S IIJXSTIUTET) IITSTORY of the WORLD’S COLUMIHAX EXPOSITIOX.
EXtllBIT OF THE U. S. G(;VERNMEXT WEATPIER BUREAU AT THE EXPOSITION.
REPKODUCTION OF A U. S. LIFE SAVING STATION AT THE EXPOSITION BY THE GOVERNMENT.
CAMPP>Kl.i;S ILIA STIUTEI) HISTORY OF THE WORLTTS (TILniHIAN EXPOSITION.
SHOE AND LEATHER BUILDING.
Tlie Shoe and Leather Industries of tliis and
several foreign countries occupied a building
exclusively their own at the Columbian Expcj-
sition. For the first time in the history of ex¬
positions the importance of this industry was
shown by the exceedingly large and varied ex¬
hibit made.
American, as well as foreign manufacturers in
the shoe and leather line, were enthusiastic in
their etforts to make that exhibit stand out con¬
spicuously as one of the leading special depart¬
ments at the Exposition.
The display made was such as to call forth
the admiration of the millions who were in at¬
tendance.
The boot and shoe industries had the largest
representation. Rubber goods also received
special attention in this department.
UNITED STATES WEATHER BUREAU.
This was a separate building, two stories high
with a tower, occupying a ground space of 40x50
feet, and was situated near the Government
building. On the first floor were meterological
instruments and apparatus, and weather maps
were here printed for visitors.
The second floor was a large hall, where
lectures were given on meterological subjects
illustrated by stereoptican views which were
very interesting and instructive.
The observation tower was filled with instru¬
ments of various kinds used in this branch of
the Government service. The building cost
about 16,000.
THE ENIGMA OF THE CENTURIES.
The Columbian Exposition has passed into
6115
matter in his own’hands, and committing suicide.
If N ero could burn a city for the sake of see¬
ing a great illumination, what would have been
his delight at seeing the greater and moreb(*au-
tiful illumination of the Exposition grounds
ami buildings at night.
It has been claimed that the electric lights
on the Exposition grounds and in the build¬
ings exceeded the combined lights of all
the Expositions ever before held, and if this
be true, how easy it would have been for Nero
to have danced with joy at such a scene.
The magnitude of the Columbian Exposition
was both general and i)articular; that is it
was all magnitude, which is ecpiivalent to
saying that every department was full, com¬
plete and elaborate in style, (puintity and finish.
It would not be difficult to show that the
greatest of all previous expositions was not eipial
to this one in any department and it would be
itii nil nil lilt nil iiii iiii iiii iiii iiii ill,- m
'S2S ■■■■ ■■■■ •■■■
SHOE AND LEATHER BUILDING AT THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
LIFE SAVING STATKdN.
The Life Saving Station consisted of a one
and a half story building, with a lookout on to]),
occupying a space of 67x85 feet, and was so situ¬
ated that the boats used were run on an inclined
plane to the north lagoon. This building is to
remain as a permanent lifesaving station, and
was fully equi])ped with a good crew,ap])aratus,
boats and ])ara])hernalia neccessary. Tlie build¬
ing cost S10,000, and was divided into living
rooms for the crew, as well as store rooms for
boats.
The practice of the crew with their boats
always attracted a great crowd of visitors. On
several occasions the crew were called on to
perform actual duty, in rescuing parties from
danger, who had ventured out on the lake.
history as the sur])rise and enigma of the cen¬
turies, because it can not be described, explained
or unravelled l)y the usual mode of explaining
such great undertakings.
The only way a person could have an intelli¬
gent idea of the gorgeous splendor and artistic
grandeur of the Ex])osition buildings, was to
see them and even then they could not be de¬
scribed, without the use of the art of photo
or copper-plate engravings, that preserves the
lights and shades, with an accuracy that can
not beecpialled by the brush of any artist or the
pen of any writer.
When Nero watched the l)urning of Roir.?,
it is said that he laughed with glee at the de¬
struction that was going on before him, but
when the populace demanded his life, he saved
them the crime of killing him by taking the
comparatively easy for any ])erson to be satisfied
as to the truth of this statimumt, if tlu'y will
only look over the official catalogues which
name the exhibits in each separate de])artment
and section.
It matters not who first suggested the idea of
holding an ex])osition, to pro])(*rly celelu’.de the
landing of Columbus on the small island otf the
southern coast of this continent, the thought
was but the ins])iration of the day and time, it
needed oidy to be ex])ressed in ordtu-to Ih' taken
up by press and people and adopted Ix'cause of
its timely appro])riate)iess.
The real work of projecting this greatest of
of all ent(‘rprises iu the (‘xposition line laMpured
the cond)ined elfort« of iiitiny men, and tin*
generous contributions of thirty tliousand
stockholders.
A VIEW OF THE PERISTYLE AND QUADREGA OVERLOOKING GRAND BASIN, SHOWING STATUARY IN DETAIL
1 -**'*‘*31 i
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A FULL VIEW OF THE PERISTYLE AND QUADREGA FROM THE PIER, LOOKING EAST OVER THE LAKE
('\AII>BELi;S lELUSTRATKI) HISTORY OF THE WORLO’S TOLEMBrAX EXPOSITTOX,
TWO ATTEMPTS TO BURX THE
^AVHITE CITY”
The Casino, P(‘rislylo and Alusie Hall which
have called forth the adiniratioii of tlunisaiids
of visitors and which were an important adjunct
or part of tln'“’ Court of Honor’ at the C.'olninhian
Exposition are no more. They had served tlie
jnirposes for which they were en'ctf'd, hut had
I)(a‘ome so endeart'd to tlu' hearts of the i)eo])le,
that it is no wonder several thousand oath-
<'r('d there aj^ain, as tlie sun was disa])])('ai-ino:
in the W('st on tin' ev(min<); of January 8th.
]8‘.)4, and reniaimal neai'ly all niu;ht with fe(*l-
in,u:s of rc'u'ix't, sorrow, admiration and awe to
S('t' the tlaines in tlnur work of destruction.
A jniard statioiied in or lu'ar tin'Music Hall,
iifactures buildin" began to burn.
The opening in the root made by an
avalanche of snow, g?lve a ready descent to the
interior of Manufactures buildi'ng for the burn¬
ing tire brands and resulted in considerable
damatre to a number of exhibits, especially in
the Fiamcli section, which had l)een jiacked ff)r
’’emoval.
For eight hours the fire ]:)urned and it is a
wonder that the great l)inlding with its $10,000-
000, worth of exhibits ready for removal was not
entirely destroyed.
Owing to the collapse of the Ptu’istyle whih'
the firmnen were at work, one was killed and
four others bfidly injured.
Tlu' Peristyh' with the IMusic Hall on tlu'
north and tin' ('a.-^iiio on tlu' south, formed tlu'
metrical series. On either side of the arch¬
way of the portico were groups representing
the genius of navigation and discovery, with
supporting figures for each on the projecting
rostrum of a vessel. On the landward sides of
the arch were the names of three of America’s
explorers—De Soto. Cartier and Ponce de Leon.
Twelve inscriptions written by President Charles
W. Eliot of Harvard university, and which set
forth all the great Exposition was meant to sym¬
bolize were cut upon the archway, six on the
court of honor side and six on the lake side, as
follows:
To tlio l)olcl men. their names rememtiered or for¬
gotten. wliu tirst explored through p('i-ils manifold, the
shores, lakes, rivers, mountains, valleys and plains of
the lU'W world.
few dared, toiled and sufTc'red. Myraids enjoy the
fruits.
FRENCH SECTION,
LIBERAL ARTS DEPARTMENT,
AFTER THE FIRE, JANUARY 8, 1894.
saw across the Itasiti. evidences of tire in the
Casino, from which lu' had reci'.ntly driven three
traiujis. T’ltrnitig on the alarm tis cpiickly as
])ossible the fire engines were soon at work anti
all the available tissistance from Hyde Park
was promptly on the ground. It being evident
that the Casino could not be saved, attention
and effort was directed to tlu' Peristyle.
The elements combined against the efforts of
men; the wind fanned the flame northward, the
Peristyle was burning slowly but surely and
one by one the great columns fell. The brave
firemen fought the flames every iuch of the way.
but the Music Hall was soon reached and (piick-
ly (h'stroyed. tlu' sparks were flying iu showt'rs
of danger until the board walk on roof of Alan-
lake entrance to the World's Fair. In the
center and forming the water-gate to the Court
of Honor was the Columbus portico, surmounted
by French, and Potter’s Columbus quadriga, re¬
presenting the “Triumph of Columbus.’’ A
heroic figure of Columbus stood iu a chariot
drawn by four horses led by sytnbolical female
figures and attended by mounted heralds. On
either side of the portico rose lofty Corinthian
columns, forming a colonnade 234 feet long con¬
necting the Alusic Hall on one side and the
Casino on the other. The cornice was dei--
orated with heroic figures fifteen feet high, de¬
signed by Theodore Baur. and represc'uting
“ Ehxpumct-” “Alusic." “Fisher Boy,” “Xavi-
gation” and “Indian Chief’ repeated in syni-
Of many races, tongues, creeds and aims, but all
heroes of discovery.
The wilderness and the solitary places shall be glad
for them.
To the brave women, who. in solitiule, amid strange
dangers and heavy toil, reared families and made homes.
To the brave settlers who leveled forests, cleared
fields, made paths by land and water and planted com¬
monwealths.
To the pioneers of civil and religious liberty.
But bolder they who first off cast
Their mooringsfrom the habitable past,
And volunteered chartless on the sea
Of storm-engendering liberty.
Toleration in religion the best fruit of the last four
centuries.
Civil liberty the means of building up personal and
national character.
Ye shall know the truth, and the truth shall make
you free.
\Ve here highly resolve that government of the people,
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Sm srtrn'«STO mw '«'>
rrrrrnriT?
BU'IMNG OB THE PERISTYLE, MUSIC HALL, CASINO AND MANUFACTURES BUILDING. JANUARY 8, 1891.
by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the
earth.
r. Freedom, dwell with knowlcdf'e; I abide with men
by culture trained and fortified. Conscience my scepter
is, and law my sword.
Tlie portico of the Peristyle spanned the open-
in*^ into the ^rand Irasin and was directly east
of the statne of the Republic, while the Casino
stotjd just at the shore end (rf the long pier
where all visitors at the Pair were landed from
the excursion boats.
C. R. At wood, the architect of the Art Palace,
was the designer of the Peristyle and the build¬
ings at ('itlu'r end, which were erected at a cost
of $200,000. The Columbian arch in the porti¬
co was j)attt‘rned after the Arc deTriompheof
tin' Place du Carous.sel in Paris. Music hall was
200 feet long by 140 feet wide and contained
an auditorium capable of seating 2,000 per¬
sons and a stage large enough to accommodate
an orchestra of 000. It was three stories high.
in the lagoon in close proximity, and the rapid¬
ity with which several battalions of tire engines
came to the rescue, resulted in a victory over
the flames before they had destroyed the
building.
The entire southwest part of the structure
was badly damaged, the glass roof in that sec¬
tion falling in. There were but few exhibits
remaining in the building at the time of the
tire, and those were removed to a place of safety.
The falling glass and roof came very nearly
causing an accident to the firemen, but by
quick work they managed to get out of the
way.
The loss on the building, on the basis of its
first cost of $618,000, was about $20,000. Con¬
sidering the fact, however, that the building
must eventually be torn down or l)urned up, the
loss was really a gain to the South Park com¬
missioners.
with the park commissioners again in full control,
and the park policemen on duty.
It has been estimated that 50,000 people
entered the park on New Year's day. They
began arriving early in the nn^rning and contin-
uedenb'ri ngall day,on foot, bicycles, in phaetons,
carriages, buggies and T-carts, all enjoying the
democratic freedom of the different drives and
avenues, and having another view of the great
galaxy of the Exposition buildings.
It was agreed that the city of Chicago would
have until May 1,1894, to decide on the purchase
of the Manufactures building for removal to the
lake front.
The Art building, which is a substantially
built structure, will probably remain i^ermanent-
ly and be the home for the Field Colund>ia]i
Museum.
A great drama has been enacted, the managers
and performers have departed, the thousands of
RUINS OF THE CASINO, PERISTYLE AND MUSIC HALL AFTER THE FIRE, JANUARY 8, 1894.
and its style of architecture was Roman renais¬
sance. The Casino was 250 feet by 120 feet wide
and three stories high. The first floor was used
by the bureau of Public Comfort and was a
favorite resort for visitors. The second door
contained a public restaurant, with a seating
capacity of 1,5(X). The third door contained a
gentleman's cafe and the kitchen.
Cn the evening of February 7th, just one
motdh after the destruction of the Casino,
Peristyle and Music Hall, dre was discovered in
the southwest pavilion of the Agricultural build¬
ing. During the day the guards had discovered
two attempts to dre the building by incendiaries
but had defeated their object on each occasion.
The last attempt, no doubt incendiary origin,
was successful. The dre had gained some little
headway before it was discovered. The prompt
response of the dre-boat, Fire Queen, anchored
LAST ACT OF THE GRExVT DRAMA.
Chicago is a great city. Her business men
are great men and do things in a day that ordi¬
narily require months or years.
The Exposition conq^any gave a bond of
$100,000, to the South Park commissioners in
1890 and agreed to have all the World’s Fair
buildings removed by May 1, 1895.
On payment to the Park ccmmissioners of
$200,000, in accordance with the contract
made, the Exposition Company received
back the bond originally given by it and relin¬
quished control of Jackson Park, December
29, 1893.
Such buildings as contained property belong¬
ing to exhibiters were to be protected by the Ex¬
position Company, but the gates of Jackson Park
were to be opened to the public, January 1,1894,
electric burners have been turned out, the
colored fouidains and chiming bells have
ceased to play and now, one by one, the gor¬
geous combinations of scenic effects will be re¬
moved as objective realities, but will remain
forever on the illustrated pages of history and
on the minds of the people of all nations.
During the Exposition period the grounds
and buildings were filled with people, rep¬
resentatives of every sect, nation and tongue,
all enthusiastically admiring the matchless
architectural grandeur of the buildings and at
the same time loud in their j)raise of the count¬
less exhibits so attractively arranged.
Years and centuries may pass before another
Exposition will be attempted on such a mag-
niticent scale as has characterized the Columbian
Exposition, but always and for all time the peer¬
less splendor of this effort will be remembered,
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